Height rescue
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As a high-altitude rescue (in Germany "Special rescue from heights and depths ( SRHT )"; depending on the application and depth rescue called) is defined as the prospecting, the rescue services and emergency medical care and evacuation of people from emergency situations at heights or depths. The methods are closely related to the mountain rescue service and the medical rescue service . They are carried out by the fire brigade and operators of tall objects (electricity pylons / energy providers and antenna systems / cell phone operators) and, in Germany, since 2001 also by THW , Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund , Deutsche Lebens-Rettungs-Gesellschaft , Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe and Malteser Hilfsdienst . All emergency services of the mountain rescue state associations are trained in height rescue. In addition, the mine rescue teams are qualified to be height rescuers according to the guidelines of the German Committee for Mine Rescue for ascending and descending techniques, as of July 2013.
term
The term “height rescue” is sometimes used differently by different disciplines (rescue organizations, alpinists, cave researchers , industrial climbers, fire brigades). The subject of this article is only rescue from heights in the sense of the uniform national definition in Germany of the AGBF's non-police hazard prevention from 2001 "Special rescue from heights and depths (SRHT)".
The work is always done in the rope and is characterized by u. a. through the multiple (redundant) design of safety and rescue systems.
Typical missions for height rescuers are heart attacks or strokes by crane operators, suicide attempts, rescue missions on high-rise buildings or climbing accidents , people in shafts or silos and people who have fallen to great depths, as well as personal accidents when working with antennas on towers and other elevated locations.
history
The beginnings of height rescue techniques were developed in the 1970s and 1980s by mountaineers and speleologists in France, Belgium and Great Britain. The Petzl brothers and George Marbach , for example, were pioneers . A milestone was the single rope technique introduced in West Germany by W. Morlock in 1978 . Nevertheless, height rescue technology remained a domain of cave rescue for a long time .
In the GDR , the "Special Rescue Service (SRD)" was founded in 1982 at the Berlin professional fire brigade , which used mountain rescue methods. In 1986 it was introduced throughout the GDR, later renamed the Height Rescue Service (HRD).
In France, the height rescue service has been part of the fire service since around 1985.
In 1993 the first West German rescue group at the Frankfurt am Main fire brigade was founded .
education
A height rescuer in the fire brigade or in the rescue service must complete an 80-hour basic training course as well as at least 72 hours of advanced training and exercise every year in addition to training as a fire service or paramedic or paramedic . Some high-altitude rescue groups link to the fulfillment of this requirement directly to remain in the high-altitude rescue service.
A recognized training institution is u. a. the Heyrothsberge Institute for Fire and Disaster Protection . In general, the training is carried out according to the AGBF's recommendation for special rescue from heights and depths, which specifies in particular material science, knot science, rescue tactics.
material
In contrast to sport climbing, materials for rope-assisted access techniques from the field of industrial climbing , which meet higher quality standards, are primarily used in height rescue . The tools of a height rescue group consist of extended personal protective equipment such as special climbing gloves, helmets, harnesses made of static ropes for lifting loads , dynamic ropes for securing, carabiners, various rope brakes and descent devices such as abseil eight , Radeberger hooks , industrial descender or DSD, fastening materials such as slings , rope protection components, hand Clamps , as well as grinding basket stretchers or rescue belts for patient support. For safety reasons, carabiners are usually made of steel instead of aluminum. There are abseil rescue devices (DIN EN 341) that enable a single rescuer (e.g. colleague) to rescue a fallen person as quickly as possible. These rescue devices are u. a. used in the fall protection and rescue concept (ASiR concept) of Telekom. Today you can find these devices on many wind turbines to ensure a second escape route and to rescue employees who have fallen. These devices are also used to rescue from shafts, channels, silos, tanks, etc. Rescue exercises (instruction / instruction) are offered by the manufacturer of these rescue devices. The usual rescue service devices are used as medical tools, the absolute minimum is an emergency set for the basics of trauma care, circulatory stabilization and airway management . For reasons of space, continuous monitoring is usually not carried out with a multi-channel EKG as usual, but with a much smaller pulse oximeter .
Basic tactical variants (according to AGBF)
- passive abseiling (lowering) in a single rope and safety rope
- active abseiling in double or single rope
- Rescue from the depths with a single rope pulley
- secure ascent or sideways climb (lead climb)
- Rescuing a person from the rope (pickup)
- Cable car between two points (stay cable)
Development and research
There are currently three studies in the field of height rescue in Europe which deal scientifically with this topic. these are
EUSR (1)
EUSR (European Union of Special Rescue) is a project funded by the EU that has dealt with the comparison and extensive harmonization of technology and procedures in European height rescue. Members of the project were numerous security authorities, from Germany e.g. B. Representatives of the BF Aachen and the BKS Heyrothsberge. The results include six basic variants (see above) that have been incorporated into the SRHT guideline of the AGBF, which is relevant for Germany. The EUSR project has been completed.
EUSR2
Like its predecessor EUSR, EUSR2 is a European project that deals with the harmonization, standardization and quality assurance of the trainers of European height rescuers. The result here will be generally applicable learning software, which is intended to accompany training and further education as a height rescuer and to optimize attendance phases in training. EUSR2 is currently running.
EUmedSR
EUmedSR (epidemiological investigation of medical emergencies that have led to the deployment of height rescue groups) is a project that is currently being carried out at the Justus Liebig University in Giessen . For this purpose, all height rescue groups that are available in Germany for use by public-law control centers are asked about the structure and medical deployment data. The first results of the study were presented in November 2008 at the annual DIVI congress .
See also
Web links
- www.agbf.de - Working group of heads of professional fire brigades - quasi-standard of HöReG training
- Online map and information portal on German height rescue groups
Individual evidence
- ↑ AGBF for Special Rescue from Highs and Lows ( Memento from June 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.0 MB)
- ↑ EUSR
- ↑ EUSR
- ↑ EUmedSR
