Hadler stalls

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The Hadler estates were the estates of the historic peasant republic Land Hadeln , from the Middle Ages until their dissolution in 1884. In contrast to the otherwise usual medieval estates of clergy , nobility and citizens , this was a political amalgamation of all local parishes (today parishes ) a joint agency. Just as unusual is the fact that the members of the political elite were almost exclusively large farmers who were only very rarely, and mostly not at all, represented in other European estates . Since all Hadler parishes confronted their respective sovereigns together, old privileges and other rights could mostly be successfully enforced, and the estates survived almost unchanged into the 19th century.

The Hadler estates were not divided according to social groups, but geographically, in the following three curiae:

history

The first evidence of an amalgamation of Hadler parishes, which appeared collectively as universi Hadelerie inhabitantes (= all residents of the state of Hadeln), dates from 1298. On special occasions they held an open-air state parliament on the Warningsacker between Otterndorf and Altenbruch.

By the middle of the 15th century at the latest, the three Hadler estates become tangible in documents, as well as in the church ordinance of 1529 and in the Hadler land law (completed in 1583). The five parishes of Sietland originally gathered separately in their suburb of Ihlienworth. Since the first third of the 16th century at the latest, however, they have also sent their mayors and rulers to the state parliaments on the Warningsacker. The usual deliberations and work meetings have taken place in the Ständehaus in Otterndorf since 1584 , which was given free tapping rights . The three estates were only mentioned explicitly in 1616, on the occasion of the hereditary homage to a new regent, the Duke of Saxony-Lauenburg . From 1621 to 1623 there were sharp disputes between the Duke and the Hadler estates over the patronage law and the visitations . Although the disputes were more or less amicably settled, the respected count and syndic died ruined and bitter in exile in Stade. Soon afterwards the land of Hadeln suffered the burdens of the Thirty Years' War .

After the dukes died out in 1689, the ducal count (governor) was replaced by an imperial commissioner, who confirmed the old privileges on behalf of Leopold I. As a result, the Hadler stands are forced to pay new special taxes more and more frequently. When the commissioner demanded further taxes in 1722, the Hadler estates turned to the emperor directly, but in vain. The power of the Hadler estates began to decline steadily from now on.

When the land of Hadeln fell to Kurhannover in 1731 , the Hadlers initially hoped for an improvement, but instead, in 1759, the government demanded that recruits be recruited. This time the Hadler estates resisted again. They insisted on their “main privileges” from Lauenburg times and bought themselves free with a one-off war tax; In 1762, however, the recruitment of troops was forced under military pressure.

During the Napoleonic Wars , the land of Hadeln was occupied and annexed by the French, and the Hadler estates were dissolved from 1810 to 1813.

When the Kingdom of Hanover was rebuilt and given a new administrative structure, the Land of Hadeln was also restored. It was not given the status of an ordinary office, as it would have been appropriate according to its size, but that of its own province, with equal rights e.g. B. with the much larger province of Duchy of Bremen-Verden . Consequently, the Hadler estates now also referred to themselves as "provincial estates". However, the reactionary Bremen-Verden knighthood continued to affiliate Hadeln, which drove the residents into the liberal opposition to the government. In 1852, during a reform of the judiciary, the secular higher courts in Hadeln were abolished, and later important competences of the parish courts fell to the district court in Otterndorf. In 1866 the Kingdom of Hanover was annexed by Prussia, and the Land of Hadeln also came under Prussian administration. The end of the Hadler self-government did not come until 1884 with the dissolution of the Hadler estates and the Hadler consistory at St. Severi , a year later.

tasks

The Hadler estates mainly dealt with the common administrative matters and participated in the legislation . They could propose new laws themselves, or either approve or reject decrees of the sovereign. They approved the taxes and distributed them to the individual parishes.

They had the right of participation at the church court (consistory) in Otterndorf, whose members (two stately officials , two superintendents , the mayor of Otterndorf, as well as the two presiding mayors of the Hochland and Sietland) supervised all churches, schools and charities, and were responsible for the election of pastors in the Land Hadeln, as well as in the higher regional and criminal courts of the individual parishes. In addition to the elected mayors (in Otterndorf the mayor), these courts were also presided over by officials appointed by the sovereign. The lower courts, on the other hand, were exclusively filled with elected mayors and rulers (in Otterndorf with the city council).

The "select committee" of the Hadler estates, i.e. the mayor of all parishes and the mayor, took care of the construction and maintenance of the dykes and locks, as well as the drainage, collected the dyke and water loads and assigned them to the recipients. Furthermore, they were for the possible supply of Hadler Landwehr or billeting responsible country foreign soldiers. The contact person for the sovereign was the president or syndic of the Hadler estates for inquiries or government contracts .

literature

  • Eduard Rüther: “Hadler Chronicle. Source book for the history of the country Hadeln. ”1932. Newly published in Bremerhaven 1979
  • Rudolf Lembcke (Ed.): "District Land Hadeln" past and present. Otterndorf 1976
  • Chronicle of the municipality of Nordleda, special edition by Volksbank Cuxhaven-Hadeln eG, Nordleda 12/1995, 242 pages

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