Halophila
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Halophila stipulacea , illustration |
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Halophila is a genus of plants in the frog-bite family(Hydrocharitaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Halophila species are perennial, herbaceous, submerged plants that live in salt water . The stem axis is narrow, branched, creeping and easily breaks apart. It is rooted at its nodes . Each node has two scales. The leaves are mostly opposite. They are stalked and entire or serrate.
Generative characteristics
Halophila species can be dioecious ( dioecious ) or monoecious ( monoecious ) separate sexes. The submerged inflorescences are more or less sessile or have inflorescence stems in male inflorescences. The inflorescences are covered by a two-part spathe and usually single-flowered. The unisexual flowers are threefold. There are three sepals . Petals are missing. The three free stamens are between the sepals, so the outer circle of the stamens is missing. The stamens are tiny. The linear to spindle-shaped anthers have two to four counters and are curved outwards. The pollen is shaped like a string of pearls. The female flowers are sessile or almost sessile. The unicameral ovary has a terminal beak. This extends into three tiny lobes at the top. There are two to numerous ovules . The seldom two, usually three to five styles are thread-shaped. The fruits have a beak at their tip. The pericarp is membranous. The few to numerous seeds are round or almost round.
Occurrence
Halophila occurs on the coast of the western Indian Ocean and southern Pacific Ocean, as well as in the Caribbean.
Systematics
The genus Halophila was established in 1806 by Louis Marie Aubert Du Petit-Thouars .
The genus includes the following species:
- Halophila australis Doty & BCStone , native to southern Australia
- Halophila baillonis ash. ex Dickie , home: Caribbean, Costa Rica to Venezuela, northeast Brazil
- Halophila beccarii Ash. , Home: tropical and subtropical Asia
- Halophila capricorni Larkum , home: Coral Sea Islands to New Caledonia
- Halophila decipiens Ostenf. , Home: tropical and subtropical oceans
- Halophila engelmannii Ash. , Home: Florida to Mexico and the northern Caribbean
- Halophila gaudichaudii J.Kuo , homeland: from Kenya to the Seychelles and from India to the western Pacific; it was first described in 2006
- Halophila hawaiiana Doty & BCStone , origin : Hawaii
- Halophila japonica M.Uchimura & EJFaye , Origin : Japan; it was first described in 2006
- Halophila major (inch.) Miq. , Home: South China to Malesia and the Carolines
- Halophila mikii J.Kuo , the home of the species first described in 2006 is Japan
- Halophila minor (inch.) Hartog , native to: tropical East Africa to southeast China and the northwest Pacific
- Halophila nipponica J.Kuo , the home of the species first described in 2006 is Korea and Japan
- Halophila okinawensis J.Kuo , home of the species first described in 2006, is the Japanese Nansei Islands
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Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f. , Home: from the Red Sea to Madagascar and the Pacific. With the subspecies:
- Halophila ovalis subsp. ovalis : It occurs from the Red Sea to Madagascar and the islands in the Pacific
- Halophila ovalis subsp. bullosa (Setch.) Hartog : It occurs on islands in the southwestern Pacific.
- Halophila ovalis subsp. linearis (Hartog) Hartog : It occurs in southern Mozambique.
- Halophila ovalis subsp. ramamurthiana K. Ravik . & R.Ganesan : It occurs in southeastern India.
- Halophila spinulosa (R.Br.) Asch. , Home: Malesia to Northern Australia
- Halophila stipulacea (Forssk.) Asch. , Home: Egypt to India and the western Indian Ocean
- Halophila sulawesii J.Kuo , the home of the species first described in 2007 is Sulawesi
- Halophila tricostata M. Greenway , Home: Queensland.
literature
- Qingfeng Wang, Youhao Guo, Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist: Halophila . In: Flora of China Vol. 23 Hydrocharitaceae , p. 91 u. 98 ( online )
- Robert R. Haynes: Hydrocharitaceae , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 22 - Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae , Oxford University Press, New York et al. a., 2000. ISBN 0-19-513729-9 : Halophila - online with the same text as the printed work.
- Entry in the Flora of Pakistan .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Halophila. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 19, 2018.
