Hamburger & Littauer

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Advertisement for the two department stores Hamburger & Littauer and Schröder & Co. , around 1914.
Kohlmarkt 3/4: part of the Hamburger & Littauer office building. In the empty field between the floors, drill holes and impressions of the lettering in capital letters can still be seen in the close-up, such as the H on the far left and the R on the far right.

Hamburger & Littauer was founded in Braunschweig in 1888 as a women's fashion and ready-to- wear shop by the two Jewish merchants Simon Hamburger († 1928) and Nathan Littauer (1862–1908). It existed until its " Aryanization " under the National Socialists in 1933.

Company history (1888-1933)

Due to the economic success, the company grew rapidly and was able to expand until the outbreak of the First World War . The business premises were Kohlmarkt 3/4 and Hutfilter 11-13. By taking over the local men's clothing store "Schröder & Co." , Damm 40, the company expanded further.

The half-timbered building Kohlmarkt 3 was built in 1723, the architect was Hermann Korb . The house was rebuilt in 1893 and 1924. The Kohlmarkt 4 building was built in 1897/98 and was used a little later by the Hamburger & Littauer company.

time of the nationalsocialism

After the National Socialists came to power on January 30, 1933, Hamburger & Littauer , like other “Jewish businesses” in the city (e.g. the nearby Adolf Frank and Karstadt department stores ) , faced massive reprisals from the Nazi regime. On March 11, 1933, for example, the so-called “ department store storm ” in Braunschweig, in which SS members in civilian clothes destroyed shop windows and interior fittings in Jewish shops. On April 1, the so-called “ Jewish boycott ” followed throughout Germany .

Rosbach & Risse (1933–1992)

Logo around 1955

At that time, the Hamburger & Littauer company was owned by Paula Rosbach, who was a Christian, and Siegfried Fröhlich (1870–1940), a Jew. As of May 1, 1933, the company was already " Aryanized " and was now called "Rosbach & Risse" after the new owners Paula Rosbach and the NSDAP member Friedrich Wilhelm Risse († 1967) who joined the company in 1932. Paula Rosbach is said to have tried to keep Siegfried Fröhlich employed in the company, but this failed. The " racial disgrace " was reported happily and imprisoned. After his release he emigrated to Brussels , where he died penniless in 1940. Paula Rosbach had already been forced out of joint ownership of the business on January 1, 1940. Risse was now the sole owner.

The men's clothing store "Schröder & Co." has been called "Cloppenburg" since March 7, 1936 . The former Jewish owner Felix Hamburger (1896–1963) had leased it to Heinz Cloppenburg and first moved to Hamburg in the spring of that year before finally emigrating to the USA with his entire family .

post war period

Tombstone of Nathan Littauer in the Jewish cemetery , Helmstedter Strasse

Since the property was initially confiscated after the end of the Second World War , Rosbach & Risse was only able to reopen on Kohlmarkt in 1952. After the death of Friedrich Wilhelm Risse in 1967, the family continued to run the company, but in 1992 it was sold to the Munich-based " Konen Bekleidungshaus KG ". At the end of the 1990s, the company in Braunschweig was dissolved.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Garzmann, Schuegraf, Pingel: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon - supplementary volume , Braunschweig 1996, p. 59
  2. ^ Museum in Wolfenbüttel Castle and the Building History Department of the TU Braunschweig (ed.): Hermann Korb und seine Zeit - Barockes Bauen im Fürstentum Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , Braunschweig 2006, pp. 190 and 196
  3. ^ City of Braunschweig, building management (ed.): Urban design in Braunschweig. Study of the building history of the Kohlmarkt , Braunschweig 1980, p. 29
  4. ^ City of Braunschweig, building management (ed.): Urban design in Braunschweig. Study of the building history of the Kohlmarkt , Braunschweig 1980, p. 30
  5. ↑ Bernhild Vögel: ... and in Braunschweig? Materials and tips on urban exploration 1930–1945 , 2nd, updated edition, Braunschweig 1996, p. 52
  6. ↑ Reinhard Bein: Zeitzeugen aus Stein Volume 2 Braunschweig und seine Juden , Braunschweig 1996, p. 27
  7. ↑ Leuschner, Kaufhold, Märtl (ed.): The economic and social history of the Braunschweigisches Land from the Middle Ages to the present , Volume 3: Modern Times , p. 540
  8. ↑ Bert Bilzer and Richard Moderhack (eds.): BRUNSVICENSIA JUDAICA. Memorial book for the Jewish fellow citizens of the city of Braunschweig 1933–1945 , in: Braunschweiger Werkstücke , Volume 35, Braunschweig 1966, p. 173