Hancornia speciosa
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| Gomes | ||||||||||||
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| Hancornia speciosa | ||||||||||||
| Gomes |
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Hancornia speciosa is a species of plant in the dog poison family from the subfamily Rauvolfioideae from Paraguay , Bolivia , Peru and Brazil . It is the only species in the genus Hancornia . It is known as Mangaba or Mangabeira .
description
Hancornia speciosa grows as a deciduous shrub or small tree to about 5–7 meters or more high. The trunk diameter reaches 25-30 centimeters. The bark is brownish to greyish and slightly scaly until it is thick and roughly cracked when old. The kind carries a milky sap .
The simple, short-stalked and leathery, firm, mostly bald to slightly hairy leaves are opposite. The short petiole is up to 1.5 inches long. The leaves are entire and ovate, -lanceolate to obovate, -eilanceolate or elliptical as well as pointed to pointed or pointed at the tip, less often indented. They are up to 6-11 inches long and up to 3-5.5 inches wide. The veins are finely pinnate with many side veins. It can choose between the petioles as well as small at the calyx Kolle Teren be present (Leimdrüsen). The stipules are missing.
Terminal and simple dichasial inflorescences with 3–7 flowers are formed. The greenish-white to yellowish, short-stalked, five-fold and fragrant, hermaphrodite flowers have a double flower envelope . The cup-shaped and often bald calyx is very small, with short, up to 2.5-3 millimeters long, triangular tips. The crown is fused in the shape of a salver, with a long, narrow, up to 3–3.5 centimeters long, slightly widened crown tube in the upper part. The egg-shaped to lanceolate, about 1–1.2 centimeters long, 5 corolla lobes, some of which have fine hairs on the outside, are roof-top. The short, free and enclosed 5 stamens are attached to the upper, widened part of the corolla tube. The unicameral, mostly bald ovary is on top with a short stylus with a cylindrical scar head . There are nectaries .
About 3.5–5.5 centimeters in size, roundish, yellow or greenish-yellow and more or less reddish speckled, multi-seeded, smooth berries with a thin skin are formed. The roundish and flat, about 8-20 or more, brownish seeds are about 7-10 millimeters in size.
use
The sweet and sour fruits with creamy flesh are edible, they have to be fully ripe, otherwise they are still bitter and contain milk juice . Or they are still green, harvested not yet fully ripe and then have to ripen . They are used raw or cooked, and in parts of Brazil they are valued as jam .
The milky sap or the rubber or rubber (Mangabeira rubber, rubber) of the plant was used earlier, at the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. However, the quality is worse than that of the rubber from the rubber tree that is commercially available today . However, the protein content is lower, which makes the rubber interesting for anti-allergic applications.
The soft, light and non-durable wood is only used little.
literature
- André Olmos Simões, Luiza Kinoshita Sumiko: The Apocynaceae s. st. of the Carrancas Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In: Darwiniana. 40 (1-4), 2002, pp. 127-169, online at researchgate.net.
- Rosemeri Morokawa, André Olmos Simões, Luiza Sumiko Kinoshita: Apocynaceae s. st. of the Serra da Canastra National Park, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In: Rodriguesia. 64 (1), 2013, 179–199, online at researchgate.net.
- Joachim W. Kadereit , Volker Bittrich: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol.XV : Flowering Plants Eudicots , Springer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-93604-8 , p. 265.
- Food and fruit-bearing forest species. 3: Examples from Latin America , FAO Forestry Paper 44/3, FAO, 1986, ISBN 92-5-102372-7 , p. 149 ff.
Web links
- Hancornia speciosa at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Mangaba at Biomas - Cerratinga.
- Hancornia speciosa near Árvores do Bioma Cerrado.
Individual evidence
- ^ Joachim W. Kadereit, Volker Bittrich: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants.
- ↑ Jose Antonio Malmonge, Egiane Carla Camillo, Rogerio Manoel Biagi Moreno et al .: Comparative Study on the Technological Properties of Latex and Natural Rubber from Hancornia speciosa Gomes and Hevea brasiliensis. In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 100 (6), 2009, pp. 2986–2991, doi: 10.1002 / app.29316 , online at academia.edu.
- ↑ Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva, Adrielle Naiana Ribeiro Soares, Ana Silva Ledo et al .: Uses and technological prospects for the mangaba, a native fruit of Brazil. In: African Journal of Biotechnology. Vol. 16 (7), 2017, pp. 302-311, doi: 10.5897 / AJB2016.15786 , online at researchgate.net.