Hatakeyama (clan)

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Hatakeyama family coat of arms

The Hatakeyama ( Japanese 畠 山 氏 Hatakeyama-shi ) were a family of the Japanese sword nobility that descended from Taira no Takamochi. After the Genpei War , the family fell victim to palace intrigue. The head of the family Hatakeyama Shigetada and his son Shigeyasu were executed in 1205 on the orders of Hōjō Tokimasa , the regent of the Kamakura shogunate .

After the original family died out, Ashikaga Yoshizumi married the widow of Hatakeyama Shigeyasu and assumed the name and chairmanship of the family as Hatakeyama Yoshizumi. Yoshizumi was able to trace his ancestry back to the Seiwa Genji .

During the Ashikaga Shogunate , they were next to the Shiba and the Hosokawa one of the three families ( Ky 管 領 sankanrei ) from which the Kyōto Kanrei could be chosen as the Shogun's governor.

history

  • Yoshizumi (義 純), a son of Minamoto (Ashikaga) Yoshikane, was chosen by Hōjōj Tokimasa (北 条 時政; 1138-1215) to revive the name Hatakeyama. He married the widow of Hatakeyama Shigeyasu, a daughter of Tokimasa, and received the Hatakeyama domain in 1205.
  • Kunikiyo ( 国 清 ; † 1364), descendant of Yoshizumi in the 6th generation, accompanied Ashikaga Tadayoshi in his campaign against Nitta Yoshisada ( 新 田 義 貞 ; 1300–1338) in 1335, followed Ashikaga Takauji to Kyūshū and became military governor ( shugo ) of the provinces of Izumi and later Kii , and 1351 Izu and Musashi . After Ashikaga Motouji ( 足 利 基 氏 ; 1340-1367) was sent to Kamakura as administrator of the Kantō area ( Kantō kubō ), Kunikiyo was his governor ( Kantō shitsuji ) in 1353 . In 1358 he was ordered to kill Nitta Yoshioki ( 新 田 義興 ; † 1358) and so he drowned him in Rokugō-gawa. Kunikiyo took part in Ashikaga Yoshiakira's campaigns against Kusunoki Masanori, a leading general of the South Court. In 1361 he lost the favor of the shogun, retired to the castles of Mito, Kanayama and then Shuzenji in the province of Izu , until he was finally defeated in the following year, fled to Kyoto and finally to the province of Yamato , where he died impoverished.
  • Yoshifuka / Yoshitō ( 義 深 ; 1331-1379) was on the side of his older brother Kunikiyo and replaced him when he fell out of favor. He defeated Shiba Takatsune ( 斯波 高 経 ; 1305-1367) and received the province of Echizen as military governor.
  • Motokuni ( 基 国 ; 1352-1406), a son of Yoshifuka, exchanged 1380 with Shiba Yoshimasa Echizen for his province Etchū . When Kusunoki Masanori rejoined the south court in 1383, he received its Kawachi province , as well as parts of Noto province in 1391 . After the Meitoku rebellion of the Yamana , the province of Yamashiro was added for a few years and he received the post of head of authority for vassal affairs ( Samuraidokoro ) and in 1398 he was the first of the Kyōto Kanrei family. He held this post until 1405. With the submission of Ōuchi Yoshihiro ( 大 内 義 弘 ; 1356-1399) in the Ōei rebellion ( 応 永 の 乱 ) and the conquest of the province of Kii in 1399, he ruled four provinces at the same time, where he temporarily still Owari and Ise stopped.
    • Mitsuie ( 満 家 ; 1372–1433), Motokuni's son, was also involved in the suppression of Ōuchi Yoshihiros rebellion, but was not rewarded by the Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu . After the death of his father, Mitsuie was passed over again by Yoshimitsu, who gave the property to his father Mitsuie's younger brother, and only the new shogun Ashikaga Yoshimochi granted Mitsuie his birthright and in which he gave him Kii, Etchū and Kawachi in 1408. Under Yoshimochi he was replaced in 1410 Kanrei, but in 1412 by Hosokawa Mitsumoto ( 細 川 満 元 ; 1378-1426), but reinstated under the successor Ashikaga Yoshikazu in 1421 and held the post until 1429. He later received the province of Yamashiro.
      • Mochikuni ( 持 国 ; 1397-1455) was a son of Mitsuies. In 1441 he shaved his head, became a monk and called himself Tokuhon ( 徳 本 ). The following year he was promoted to Kanrei, but was replaced by Hosokawa Katsumoto in 1445 . After this was released in 1449, Mochikuni received this office again before he resigned from it in 1452. He adopted his brother Mochitomo ( 持 富 ; † 1452) because he was childless, but then a son, Yoshinari, was born to him, which after Mochikuni's death, who also had a son, led to inheritance disputes and division of the family.
        • Masanaga ( 政 長 ; 1442–1493), son of Mochitomos and younger brother of Yasaburōs ( 弥 三郎 ), who turned to Hosokawa Katsumoto to enforce his claim, so that Yoshinari had to flee to Iga in 1454 , but could return after an intervention by Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa . After the death of Yasaburōs the clashes began again in 1460 and Yoshinari had to surrender. Shortly afterwards, Masanaga was named Kanrei in 1464. - A little later the Kriegnin war began . Yoshinari fought on the side of Yamana Sōzen ( 山 名 宗 全 ; 1404–1473), Masanaga on the side of Hosokawa Katsumoto. Masanaga lost his post as Kanrei in 1467. Success and failure alternated on both sides, the war temporarily ended in 1485. After Yoshinari's death, the dispute flared up again in 1493, Masanaga attacked Yoshinari's son Yoshitoyo in Kawachi, was beaten and then committed suicide.
          • Naonobu ( 尚 順 ; 1475-1522), a son of Masanagas, followed Shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane on his campaign against Sasaki Takayori and then retired in 1492 to the province of Kii. In 1504 he left his Takaya (Kawachi) castle to his son Tanenage, shaved his head and renounced the world. Thirty years later he acted aggressively, was arrested and exiled in 1521 in Awaji Province . He died there shortly afterwards.
            • Takamasa ( 高 政 ; † 1576), Masakuni's son and thus a grandson of Naonobus, inherited the Kawachi province. He fought against Miyoshi Nagayoshi ( 三好 長慶 ; 1522–1564), but was defeated by this in 1559. He did better the following year against Miyoshi Yoshikata ( 三好 義 賢 ; 1527? –1562). In 1558 he received the Takaya Castle back from Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiaki , which Nagayoshi had taken from him. - It was then Yuza Nobunori, one of his vassals, who took the Takaya Castle from him in 1573 and killed his son Terutaka. Takamasa brought together troops and tried to take revenge, but to no avail. Then Oda Nobunaga came , beat Nobunori, but then kept Takaya Castle to himself. - Takamasa lived in misery for three more years. In 1575 he was baptized.
        • Yoshinari / Yoshihiro ( 義 就 ; † 1490) was Mochikuni's biological son, who should take over the successor in place of the adopted Masanaga. Masanaga resisted, and so Yoshinari fought his rival for a lifetime. When Hosokawa Katsumoto supported Masanaga, Yoshinari had to flee to Iga Province in 1445 . After a short period of peace, the war resumed. Yoshinari retired to Kawachi after 1460 and finally to the mountain monastery of Kōya . When the Ōnin War began, he was supported by Yamana Sōzen and fought until his death in 1493.
          • Yoshitoyo ( 義 豊 ; † 1499) was a son of Yoshinari. In 1493 Shogun Yoshitane fought him, together with Masanaga, in Kawachi. Yoshitoyo, supported by Hosokawa Masamoto ( 細 川 政 元 ; 1466-1507), defeated the army of the Shogun and killed his uncle Masanaga, but also fell in battle.
            • Yoshihide ( 義 英 ; † 1532), a son of Yoshitoyo, resided in Takaya Castle. In 1507 he was besieged by Hatakeyama Naobu, held out for a whole year, but then fled to the province of Izumi . After he was back in 1511 at his Takaya Castle, he was supported by the Miyoshi, but lost to Hosokawa Harumoto (1514–1563) and committed suicide.
    • Mitsunori ( 満 慶 ; 1372-1432) received although the younger son after the death of his father Motokuni 1406, whose four provinces. After the death of the shogun Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in 1408, the new Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimochi reversed this decision of his predecessor and left Mitsunori only with the province of Noto. He founded the Noto branch of Hatakeyama, which resided at Nanao Castle.
      • Yoshimune ( 義 統 ; † 1497), Mitsunori's great-grandson, belonged to the Noto branch of the Hatakeyama. During the Ōnin War, he joined the Shogunate Hatakeyama Yoshinari and Yamana Sōzen against Hosokawa Katsumoto. In 1493 he was on the side of the shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane in the coup d'état Hosokawa Masamoto .
        • Yoshitaka ( 義隆 ; † 1576) was a son of Yoshitsuna, became lord of Noto after the murder of his brother Yoshinori ( 義 慶 ; 1554–1574), but succumbed to an illness two years later. In the following year the family castle was taken by Uesugi Kenshin and this branch was robbed of its power.

With the deaths of Takamasa and Yoshitaka, the power of the Hatakeyama came to an end, although there were still more descendants. The Hatakeyama Kinenkan Museum in Tokyo stores treasures from the Noto branch and makes them accessible to the public.

literature

  • George Bailey Sansom: A History of Japan, 1334-1615 . Stanford University Press, 1961, ISBN 0-8047-0525-9 .
  • Edmond Papinot: Hatakeyama, 畠 山 . In: Historical and Geographical Dictionary of Japan. Reprinted by Tuttle, 1972 edition of 1910 edition, ISBN 0-8048-0996-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 石田 晴 男 : 畠 山 国 清 . In: 朝日 日本 歴 史 人物 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 28, 2016 (Japanese).
  2. ↑ 佐藤 和 彦 : 畠 山 国 清 . In: 日本 大 百科全書 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 28, 2016 (Japanese).
  3. ↑ 畠 山 義 深 . In: デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 28, 2016 (Japanese).
  4. ↑ 石田 晴 男 : 畠 山 基 国 . In: 日本 大 百科全書 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 28, 2016 (Japanese).
  5. ↑ a b 石田 晴 男 : 畠 山 基 国 . In: 日本 大 百科全書 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 28, 2016 (Japanese).
  6. ↑ 櫻井 彦 : 畠 山 持 国 . In: 日本 大 百科全書 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 30, 2016 (Japanese).
  7. ↑ 石田 晴 男 : 畠 山 政 長 . In: 朝日 日本 歴 史 人物 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 30, 2016 (Japanese).
  8. ↑ 畠 山 満 慶 . In: デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 30, 2016 (Japanese).
  9. ↑ 石田 晴 男 : 畠 山 義 統 . In: 朝日 日本 歴 史 人物 事 典 at kotobank, jp. Retrieved December 30, 2016 (Japanese).
  10. ↑ 畠 山 義隆 . In: デ ジ タ ル 版 日本人 名 大 辞典 + Plus at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 30, 2016 (Japanese).