House Monheim
The house Monheim is a listed building in the old town of Aachen . It was a residential and commercial building for the Monheim family of pharmacists and is one of the still preserved works by Jakob Couven in Aachen. Today it houses the Couven Museum and is listed as a monument in the Aachen list of monuments.
location
Haus Monheim is located in Aachen's old town very close to the town hall on the corner between Rommelsgasse and Hühnermarkt (postal address is Hühnermarkt 17), one of the old triangular squares within the inner wall ring , which were created by the different orientations of the Roman and Carolingian buildings and streets are.
history
From the 14th century onwards, the block of houses between the chicken market and the courtyard was largely occupied by the Aachen city scales, which were destroyed in the fire in Aachen in 1656 and then rebuilt in the Großer Klüppel . Around 1660, Nikolaus Fiebus and his brother-in-law Gerlach Maw , who later alternated mayor of Aachen several times, acquired the property of the burned-down balance and a neighboring property, but sold it to the pharmacist Adam Coebergh († 1694) in 1662. He came from Grave and was an assistant in the pharmacy of Dr. Matthäus Mayer, who was also destroyed in the city fire. When Dr. Geyer was appointed city physician and could no longer run the pharmacy himself, he had given it to Coebergh. The reconstruction of a pharmacy was also in the interests of the city, so that Adam Coebergh was granted Aachen citizenship in 1659 without having to pay the fee otherwise charged. At his request, the city council also granted a grant of 8,000 bricks for the construction of the new pharmacy, which was estimated to be around 10% of the building materials required. The new building on the foundations of the old city scales was built in 1663 and was given the nameCoeberghisches Stockhaus. The pharmacy established there was called the Adler Pharmacy.
The house and pharmacy remained in the family's hands for four generations until Heinrich Martin Jakob Coebergh (* 1713), a great-grandson of Adam Coebergh, transferred them to his colleague Andreas Monheim (1750–1804). Andreas Monheim, who came from Cologne, came to Aachen in 1781 and became an employee and partner of Heinrich Martin Jakob Coebergh. On November 29, 1783, he bought the Coeberghische Stockhaus and in 1786 had the Aachen builder Jakob Couven convert it into a representative rococo- style house.
Investigations of the building stock have shown that Couven essentially took over the building fabric of the Coeberghischen Stockhaus and only changed the facade design and rebuilt the interior. A building that used to be located between the Coeberghisches Stockhaus and the Haus zum Lindenbaum on Rommelsgasse is also included in today's Haus Monheim , the formerHouse to scales. However, it is unclear whether this was already included by Couven in Haus Monheim or only afterwards in the 19th century with careful adaptation to the style of the main house. A “courtyard” located on the triangular square was also includedSecret Annex.
In 1788, Andreas Monheim became the sole owner of the pharmacy, which was soon renamed Monheims Apotheke. After his death, the house and pharmacy were initially passed on to his son Johann Peter Joseph (1786–1855). He also opened a "drug shop" in the house, presumably in the rear building by the courtyard, and in 1830 expanded it into a drug wholesaler. The drug retail business was moved to a building diagonally across the street on what is now Rethelstrasse. After Johann Peter Joseph's death, his eldest son Viktor (1813–1897) took over the house, pharmacy and drug wholesaler. His younger brother Leonard (1830–1913) took over the drug retail business and expanded it to include a grocery store . In 1857 he started producing chocolate there , which laid the foundation for Leonhard Monheim AG and Trumpf chocolate . From 1877 Viktor Monheim devoted himself only to the drug wholesaling and left the work in the pharmacy to his colleague Winand Brücken, who finally took it over in 1881 and moved it to Pontstrasse.
Around 1900, the facade of the first floor at Hühnermarkt was changed considerably: the pillars between the windows were removed and two large shop windows were installed. The entrance was framed by two brass pillars in Art Nouveau style. In 1938/39 the Monheim heirs sold the house to Peter Quadflieg. During the Second World War , Haus Monheim was spared direct bomb hits, and the spread of fires in neighboring houses was prevented. Nevertheless, the house suffered considerable damage from the vibrations and pressure waves from the bomb explosions. After the end of the war, the house was made habitable again, at least temporarily.
In 1953 Haus Monheim was taken over by the city of Aachen. In 1958 the Couven Museum, which was housed in the Fey House, which was destroyed in a bombing raid in 1943, was reopened in this house . 1962–1967 the neighboring Haus zum Lindenbaum was also incorporated into the building ensemble and made accessible from the Couven Museum. From 1999 the entire building complex was completely restored and opened to the public again in 2001.
In 1977 the Monheim house was entered in the register of monuments by the Rhineland State Conservator. There it is described as
“Late baroque 2-storey brick house in 5: 5 axes, ground floor and structure of the upper floor in bluestone; Mansard hipped roof; the facade of the extension to the courtyard above a high base floor 3-axis. "
building
The two-story main building of Haus Monheim has an L-shaped floor plan and has a slate- covered mansard roof . The shorter leg on the chicken market is about 12.5 m long, the longer one on Rommelsgasse about 18 m. The inner courtyard of about 7 × 5 m formed by the two legs is closed off by a two-story rear building with a mansard roof towards the place called Hof. A high cellar is indicated by a frame on the facade facing the inner courtyard , a staircase leads to the mezzanine floor of the rear building. Under the stairs, a cellar window also indicates a high cellar on the north side of the inner courtyard in the area of the former house at Libra.
The main facade facing the chicken market is symmetrical and has five window axes. The entrance door is in the central axis, otherwise it is not highlighted visually compared to the other axes. The grille on the skylight of the entrance door shows the monogram of Andreas Monheim. Cornices above the ground floor and the upper floor give the facade a horizontal structure. The large lattice windows leave little space for masonry between the window axes and between the floors. They have a frame made of bluestone and a segment of an arc. The narrow pillars between the windows are clad with bluestone blocks on the ground floor, and on the upper floor they are made of red silted brickwork.
The side facade on Rommelsgasse has six window axes. It is essentially designed in a similar way to the main facade. However, the wall areas between the windows are wider than on the main facade, which makes the side facade appear more flat. This is also helped by the fact that the cornice between the first and second floors has been replaced by a flat stone band. The space between the windows on the ground floor is formed by red muddy brickwork, as on the upper floor. The right two window axes are blind windows, windows with bars are painted in the window niches. In the third window axis from the left, a side entrance leads into the stairwell. Under the two left window axes, basement windows in the plinth area indicate a high basement. These axes correspond to the former Haus zur Libra.
The facade of the rear building at the courtyard has three window axes. It is essentially designed in the same way as the side facade, only that it is painted yellow. Due to the slope of Rommelsgasse towards the courtyard, there is a complete basement instead of the high cellar , which is only accessible from the courtyard. The facade of the rear building at the courtyard is therefore three-story. The basement has been developed as a shop and houses a sales point for the Aachen coffee roasting company Plum's Kaffee .
literature
- Hans E. Bisegger: The Krämviertel in Aachen . Scientific antiquarian bookshop and publishing house Creutzer, Aachen 1920, p. 71-73 .
- Ernst Günther Grimme: Guide through the Couven Museum of the city of Aachen . In: Peter Ludwig (Ed.): Aachener Kunstblätter (special edition) . 4th edition. Publishing house of the Aachen Museum Association , Aachen 1986.
- Felix Kuetgens: The Couven Museum in Aachen. House Monheim, chicken market 17 . In: Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Heimatschutz (Hrsg.): Rheinische Kunststätten . 1959, Chapter: History of the House of Monheim , p. 2-4 .
- Belinda Petri: The restoration of the Couven-Museum Aachen 1999 to 2002 . In: Aachener Kunstblätter . No. 62 . Aachen June 2002, p. 334-337 .
- Dagmar Preising , Ulrich Schäfer: Couven Museum in Aachen . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-422-02289-8 , chapter: A little walk around the house , p. 8-9 .
- Eberhard Quadflieg: The Coeberg town house, also called "House Monheim" . In: Hans Feldbusch, Peter Ludwig (Ed.): Aachener Kunstblätter . No. 17/18 . Publishing house of the Aachen Museum Association, Aachen, p. 7-16 (1958/59).
Web links
- The house on the Couven Museum website
- Couven Museum on aachen-kraemerstrasse.de
- History of the House of Monheim am Hühnermarkt in "History of the Monheim Family"
Individual evidence
- ^ Result of the Roman grid and easting of the imperial palace, s. a. Marketplace. Michael Schmitt: The urban development of Aachen in the Middle Ages, taking into account the shaping factors. Dissertation . Aachen 1972, p. 140.
- ↑ The presentation of the building history essentially follows E. Quadflieg: Das Coebergisches Stadthaus. In: Aachener Kunstblätter. 17/18, (1958/59), pp. 7-16.
- ↑ In the tax books of 1812 during the French era, the Haus zur Waage is still listed separately with Johann Franz Xaver Müller as the owner.
- ↑ At that time, this was understood to be a business for chemicals that were used in the household, for example in the sense of part of the range of today's drugstores
- ↑ According to Kuetgens in Rheinische Kunststätten 1959, p. 2 Johann Peter Joseph's son Johannes ran the pharmacy from 1877 to 1881
- ↑ Grimme 1986, p. 22.
- ↑ "State Conservator Rhineland. List of monuments. 1.1 Aachen city center with Frankenberger Viertel. ”With the assistance of Hans Königs , arr. v. Volker Osteneck. Rheinland Verlag Cologne, 1977, p. 88.
Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 32.4 " N , 6 ° 5 ′ 6" E