Hawthorn, Leslie & Company
R. & W. Hawthorn Leslie and Company, Limited , usually referred to as Hawthorn Leslie for short , is now a British mobile communications company that was active as a shipbuilding company until 1982 and locomotive construction until 1937 .
history
The company emerged in 1870 from the merger of the A. Leslie and Company shipyard in Hebburn with the locomotive manufacturer R. and W. Hawthorn from St. Peter's in Newcastle upon Tyne and was converted into a limited company in 1886.
In 1890 the first triple expansion steam engine was built for the steamer Orjol , and in 1900 the machines for the steamer Canadian were built.
In 1907, a site that followed the existing one in Forth Banks was acquired to expand the business and at the beginning of the First World War , steam engines, turbines, water-tube boilers and various types of locomotives could be supplied in addition to ships.
Locomotive construction was handed over to Robert Stephenson and Company in 1937 , which was then renamed Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns Ltd. traded.
One of the most famous ships built at Hawthorn Leslie was the HMS Kelly, launched in 1938 and commanded by Louis Mountbatten . In 1954 the company was restructured . In 1961, the shipbuilding and repair yard employed 2,200 people who, in addition to passenger and cargo ships for liner service, also produced refrigerated and bulk carriers, tankers and warships.
As of 1967, only four ships were built under the aegis of Swan Hunter . On July 1, 1977 Hawthorn Leslie was incorporated into the state-owned British Shipbuilders Corporation . Mechanical engineering was merged with the also nationalized engine construction company George Clark & NEM to form Clark Hawthorn in 1979 .
Hawthorn Leslie's parent shipyard in Hebburn was closed in 1982 and the rest of the company was sold to Cammell Laird . In 2001 it was sold on to the A&P Group , but has remained unused since then. The actual company remained in existence despite the loss of the shipbuilding business and focused on the telephone business. In March 1993, Vodafone bought the company and turned it into a mobile phone provider .
Famous ships from Hawthorn Leslie
- HMS triumph
- HMS Naiad
- HMS Argonaut
- RFA Bedivere
- HMS Active
- HMS Agincourt
- HMS Antelope
- HMS Boadicea
- HMS Electra
- HMS Encounter
- HMS Imogen
- HMS Imperial
- HMS Legion
- HMS Warwick
Locomotive construction
Hawthorn Leslie's locomotive construction comprised a wide range of standard and individual designs, including numerous tender and steam storage locomotives . These were supplied to both large railroad companies and industrial railways, with a significant portion of the production developed for export to the British colonies and the needs of the local railroad companies.
In 1887 the Colne Valley and Halstead Railway was supplied with 2-4-2T locomotives and in the following year a crane was built for Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company . After the company merger, the locomotive department produced a four-cylinder locomotive for the 1893 World Exhibition in Chicago , with the axle division 4-2-2-0 , in which two internal and two external cylinders acted separately on a pair of axles. The locomotive was not powerful enough to compete with American products of the same era and was exhibited in Antwerp the following year.
Hawthorne Leslie built a number of locomotives for well-known railway companies. In 1899 two 2-4-0 locomotives were built for the Kent and East Sussex Railway , between 1896 and 1901 four 0-4-4 locomotives for the Metropolitan Railway and in 1907 one 0-8-0 tank locomotive each for the Plymouth, Devonport and South Western Junction Railway and the Kent and East Sussex Railway. The Shropshire and Montgomeryshire Railway received two 0-6-2 T locomotives in 1911 and the Taff Vale Railway received a series of 27 locomotives of similar design during the First World War . In 1915, FG Smith commissioned the Highland Railway to build six 4-6-0 split locomotives based on his designs. These were not removed because they were too heavy and then sold to the Caledonian Railway . The London and North Eastern Railway ordered a series of GCR Class 9N locomotives in 1925/6 . In the late 1920s, electric locomotives were also added to the range.
Between 1934 and 1935 Hawthorn Leslie built eleven 0-6-0 diesel locomotives for the London, Midland and Scottish Railway, which were designated as Class D3 / 6 when they were taken over by British Rail. In 1935, the Great Western Railway received a diesel locomotive with a 0-6-0 wheel arrangement, which was designated as Class D3 / 10 when it was taken over by British Rail. The locomotives had a diesel-electric drive , with the electrical part being manufactured by English Electric.
Preserved locomotives
Some Hawthorn Leslie tank locomotives have survived to this day, including an Isle of Wight Steam Railway 37 "Invincible" with a 0-4-0 wheel arrangement , the "3717" at the Buckinghamshire Railway Center and the "Cyclops" on the Tanfield Railway . Another example of the Bo'ness and Kinneil Railway is to be overhauled. The Rutland Railway Museum owns the repainted Singapore two-axle steam locomotive and the Cambrian Railway Trust owns a 0-6-0 ST locomotive that is due for restoration. Another locomotive of this type is on display at Leatherhead . An electric shunter from the Kearsley power station is on display at the Coventry Railway Center, near Coventry , Warwickshire .
Individual evidence
- ^ Local Information for Hebburn. Archived from the original on August 25, 2010 ; accessed on October 6, 2017 (English).
- ↑ Building for the World The Journal on May 22, 2007 (English)
- ↑ HMS Kelly ( Memento of the original from March 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Lloyds Register of Shipping (Ed.): Lloyds Register of Shipping . Appendix 1979-80. Lloyds Register of Shipping, London 1979.
- ^ Tyne & Wear Archives: Hawthorn Leslie (English) accessed on August 22, 2009
- ↑ Retracing a river's proud history ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The Journal on September 28, 2004
- ↑ Shipbuilders on the Tyne with Shetland Ancestry (English) accessed on August 22, 2009 ( Memento of the original from September 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A&P Holdings acquires Cammell Laird Holdings (English), accessed on August 22, 2009
- ↑ Danger Yard The South Shields Gazette June 8, 2006 (English)
- ↑ Blue chips take the lead as shares rally Der Independent on February 13, 2003
- ↑ Vodafone bids to rescue Hawthorn Leslie Die Computergram on March 12, 1993 (English)
literature
- JF Clarke (1979), Power on Land and Sea: 160 Years of Industrial Enterprise on Tyneside: A History of R. & W. Hawthorn Leslie & Co., Ltd., Engineers and Shipbuilders , Clark Hawthorn
Web links
- Hawthorne & Leslie, Ship Builders, South Tyneside (06/20/07). 28dayslater.co.uk, archived from the original on February 6, 2012 ; accessed on October 6, 2017 (English).
- Hawthorn Leslie on Grace's Guide