Home settlement
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 Aerial view of Frankfurt with the home settlement at the bottom right |
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| Basic data | |
| Population : | 2,274 |
| Creation time: | 1927-1934 |
| location | |
| District : | 5 - south |
| District : | Sachsenhausen-North |
| District : | 32 2 |
| Center / main street: | Stresemannallee |
| architecture | |
| Architectural style: | classic modern |
| Urban planner: | Ernst May |
| Architect: | Franz Roeckle |
Coordinates: 50 ° 5 ' N , 8 ° 40' E
The Heimatsiedlung in Frankfurt am Main is a residential area in the southwest of the Sachsenhausen-Nord district . The settlement is located between the two entry and exit roads, Kennedyallee and Mörfelder Landstrasse , which converge in the south , a railway embankment and Stresemannallee .
General
The first plans for the Am Riedhof estate go back to the 1920s , when the aim was to develop the previously unused area in the south of Frankfurt. At the same time Wilhelmstrasse (today's Stresemannallee ) was to be extended. The building construction department Ernst May , who had been active in Frankfurt am Main since 1925, was responsible for the urban development planning, and who had already begun realizing some settlements in 1926 with the plan for the New Frankfurt . The plan provided for the entire area around the Riedhof , which at that time belonged to the Bethmann family, to be built with apartments in order to counteract the housing shortage in the city center. According to the plan, the Riedhof building area was divided into four parts by Stresemannallee and Mörfelder Landstrasse . However, the settlement concept in Sachsenhausen was not completed. During the Weimar Republic, only the western part, the home settlement, was realized . The rest of the development plan was on hold until after the Second World War and was then implemented under changed conditions as the Fritz Kissel settlement .
The executing architect of the home settlement was Franz Roeckle , who had previously built the West End synagogue . Construction began on the estate in 1927 . The settlement has two different types of houses. The perimeter development consists of four-story buildings that seem to shield the inner part of the settlement by their height. Inside, the home settlement consists of several rows of houses, all of which are three-story. Each row of houses has a small back garden on the street on the next row. The streets are named as follows after the trees planted there: Among the beeches, birches, oaks, ash trees, linden trees, plane trees, acacias and chestnuts . On the edge of the settlement extends from the Stresemannallee to Mörfelder highway towards Heimatring . At the back of the four-story houses there is a footpath in a green area that is bordered by poplars. This is why this footpath is also called a poplar avenue . However, this is not an official street name.
Since 1990 is located on the northern edge of the settlement of the S-Bahn -Haltepunkt Stresemannallee .
Emergence
Around the time the Römerstadt settlement was being built in the north of Frankfurt, Ernst May began planning and building the Riedhof settlement on the south side of the Main in the Sachsenhausen district in 1927 . Between 1927 and 1934, a total of 1,072 apartments and 50 retail stores were built in seven construction phases on the site of a former estate, the Riedhof, whose octagonal, massive (120 m × 120 m) complex was the settlement area that extended beyond today's home settlement until 1962 controlled.
The Riedhof estate is, on the one hand, an important example of the Frankfurt settlement development from the May era, but on the other, it is also an exception in various respects among the structurally and structurally appearing largely homogeneous settlements from this era of New Building in Frankfurt am Main.
The development on the Sachsenhausen Riedhof was also part of the communal settlement concept and the settlement itself was not only built at the same time as the Roman city, but also has clear similarities with its dynamic, expressionistically influenced floor plan. On the other hand, the Heimatsiedlung is the only large settlement that was not built by the municipal housing associations and therefore not architecturally designed by Ernst May as the artistic director of these companies. Instead, the freelance architect Franz Roeckle (1879–1953) was responsible for the building owner Heimat AG. This is why this estate has its own design elements and thus partly deviates from the “Frankfurt norm”. “If you compare the two types of town, the block development with that of the linear building, the Riedhof residential estate, the part of which was designed by Franz Roeckle, is one of the most interesting contributions to this day, the urban planning possibilities of which have not yet been fully considered. Roeckle succeeds in developing a high-density urban development that combines the characteristics of the inner-city block development with the orientation and open space-relatedness of the row buildings without compromising the quality of the closed city street. " (Jourdan 1984: 208)
In Frankfurt, Rockle was commissioned with the planning and implementation of various other residential complexes (Hallgarten block 1924–1926, An der Hügelstraße, Komba building group, 1926 and 1929; Raimundstraße, Mavest building block, 1926 and 1929; gardening settlement “Im Teller”, 1927) and was a private architect involved in the preliminary planning of the garden city of Goldstein (1930). His involvement in the Dammerstock model estate in Karlsruhe, which Walter Gropius and Otto Haesler are responsible for, is better known . As part of this exhibition estate, he built the three construction phases of Heimat AG at the same time as the Heimatsiedlung; In this way, he provided the architecturally largest single part of this model estate, which was built by various architects through three housing associations, with around 30% of the entire Dammerstock estate. The similarities to the home settlement in the long row of houses he planned are obvious. “In most of his buildings, it is noticeable that Roeckle's formal language set it apart from that of his contemporaries. In the beginning it was primarily a cubic shape borrowed from antiquity and a rough treatment of materials, later on with the New Building there were some, sometimes very clever architectural elements with which he increased the practical value of the apartment. It was he who discovered the winter garden for social housing. " (Dreysse 1988: 7)
The Heimatsiedlung is not only something special because of its architectural design language, which differs from the other settlements and because of the special conception of the apartments, which differ from the typical Frankfurt type apartments from the atelier of the building construction office, but it also has an unusual one Mixing of the housing estate with around 50 smaller shops and workshops for daily needs, which even today still supply the settlement in an often hardly changed branch of trade. In the architectural literature, the Riedhof settlement was not even nearly as noticed in the contemporary publications of the Weimar period or in the receptions of the new building as the settlements of the Niddatal development were the central examples of the May era. It was not until the 1980s that the home settlement in Relation to the “ New Home Scandal”, the sales negotiations that it triggered and, in particular, the discussions about a cooperative solution moved into the focus of current housing policy interest.
Sponsorship
The home settlement is also an exception in terms of sponsorship; it is the only one of the Frankfurt settlements in union housing to be built by Heimat AG , which was newly founded in Berlin at the time , a subsidiary of the Federation of Employees (GdA), the forerunner of the later DAG ( German Employees' Union ). From this context, the official settlement name Riedhof-West , under which this part of the social housing on the Sachsenhausen Riedhof site in the corner between the railway and two of the arterial roads Mörfelder Landstrasse and Stresemannallee, will very soon change to the name Heimatsiedlung, which is still common today changed; the name has nothing to do with the future owner Neue Heimat .
Only with effect from January 1, 1941, due to a local adjustment of the former union stock of apartments owned by the German Labor Front at that time, the settlement was transferred to the non-profit housing and settlement construction company (Gewobag) or by the previously im 1940 decided to change the company name to the Neue Heimat. Non-profit housing and settlement company of the German labor front over (cf. letter from Heimat AG of December 1940 and from Neue Heimat to tenants of December 28, 1940). From this day on, the rental agreements concluded between the residents of the settlement and Heimat AG Berlin, with all rights and obligations, are transferred to the new owner Neue Heimat.
Occupancy
The union's sponsorship of the settlement naturally has a direct impact on the occupancy process and the composition of the future tenants. H. At least 80% of employees subject to Reich insurance are taken into account, i.e. a middle class with above-average income at the time. “Only those who were union members at DAG could become tenants, that is, commercial employees.” (Anton Schwab, tenant since 1930, interview of June 28, 1985). The apartments are probably occupied directly by the Frankfurt branch of Heimat AG, but under the same allocation conditions under which the other Frankfurt estates are also rented; In order to be valid, the rental contracts concluded between the housing company and the potential tenants require the approval of the municipal housing office in each individual case.
The home settlement does not differ so much in the age structure of the first-time occupants from the other settlements; For many, moving into the newly built housing estate is to be equated with setting up a household after marriage, for some it is also the first apartment in Frankfurt after moving there for professional reasons. "We were all pretty much the same age, 25 to 35 years old, we were the generation that experienced World War I as a child." There are no quantitative statements about the social structure and the political classification of the residents. After very rough studies by the tenants' association from 1987 on the basis of surviving contemporary witnesses from today, it is assumed that the residents of the late 1920s / early 1930s were predominantly more conservative people who were close to the center or even to the German nationals and less about partisans of the social democrats or even communists. Nevertheless, from these stories and our own interviews with residents who moved there during the Weimar Republic, there was a certain potential for resistance against the National Socialists who had ruled since 1933 until the mid-1930s.
“It becomes clear that there was resistance, and that it was still very open, until the mid-1930s. Later opponents of the Hitler regime withdrew, met privately, in churches and tried to help each other. without endangering oneself. ”On the other hand, one must also clearly state that at least since autumn 1932, individual party comrades have been active members of the tenants' association as members of the share commission and, after the seizure of power, these people and other roommates who took advantage of the hour were in 1933 and 1934 clearly dominated the tenants' association.
literature
- The settlement. Monthly for the non-profit settlement and housing industry (1929–1939). Bulletin of the building cooperatives and building companies of Greater Frankfurt. Reprint. Ronald Kunze (ed.). Institute for Housing Policy and Urban Ecology V., Hanover 1986
- Ronald Kunze: Tenant participation in social housing. Establishment and development of tenant representatives in the settlements of the non-profit housing companies. Kassel 1992
- Wolf-Christian Setzepfandt : Architecture Guide Frankfurt am Main / Architectural Guide . 3. Edition. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-496-01236-6 , p. 45 (German, English).
- Home tenant cooperative (ed.): 60 years of home settlement. From settlement shareholder to social tenant . Frankfurt am Main undated (1988) [Author: Karlheinz Neumann and Gottfried Prokein]
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook 2008 City of Frankfurt accessed on Feb. 26, 2020
- ↑ .
- ↑ Schwab in Göpfert 1985
- ↑ cf. Home tenant cooperative 1988, p. 29
- ↑ tenant cooperative home 1988, p 35
Web links
- State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen (Ed.): Heimatsiedlung In: DenkXweb, online edition of cultural monuments in Hessen