Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Bolesław Śmiały
The Bolesław Śmiały Coal Mine (Polish: Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Bolesław Śmiały ) is an active coal mine of the Polska Grupa Górnicza in Łaziska Górne , Poland.
history
The Bolesław Śmiały Colliery is one of the oldest mines in Poland and has been gradually consolidated from many smaller facilities. The owners of these individual businesses were princes from the houses of Anhalt-Köthen and Hochberg ( Principality of Pless ), Prussian officials, merchants and other small owners of coal fields.
Over the years, the small owners sold their shares, so that in the early twentieth century there were only three shareholders in Łaziska, the
- Prince of Pless,
- von Ruffer heirs who operated the Trautscholdsegen mine and the
- "Aktiengesellschaft Gott-mit-uns". The largest shareholder of the AG was the Bank von Weimar with the industrialist Emilio Baron Sternberg de Armella at the head.
It is remarkable that all of the coal fields suggested by private entrepreneurs were in the area of the Mittel-Lazisk manor. As a result of a recourse in 1824, there was free mining law - in contrast to the chamber villages and towns belonging to the Pless estate.
August joy
The Augustensfreude mine belonged to the Duke of Pless and was founded in 1839. After removal of the near-surface coal seams the bill November 1884 was liquidated. Your building site was evaluated from 1892 by the Bradegrube .
Bradegrube
This mine ( location ), the pit field of which was not limited more precisely within the Pleß property, was founded in 1849 on the initiative of the princely family and commissioned in 1850. It was named after Mining Minister Dr. Julius Brade. First of all, the three seams "Augustensfreude", "Brade Niederflöz" (2 m) and "Brade Oberflöz" (1.7 m) were extracted in the tunnel construction . The coal obtained there is described by Recław as being of poor quality, which was only suitable for heating purposes. The annual production in 1881 was only 46,765 t.
In 1892 the Augustensfreude mine, which was closed in 1884, was reopened from Brade .
The transition to civil engineering was the end of the 19th century held by the shaft sinking "Frank" (108 m depth) in 1912 were the pits "Graf Konrad" (172 m depth; promotion , Seilfahrt and drainage ) and "Bolko" ( 69.5 m depth; extraction and drainage) in operation. In addition, there were four weather shafts with depths (as of 1912) from 24 m (shaft II) to 76 m (shaft IV).
The coal was transported underground by horses and the first electric drills were introduced in 1896. Further modernizations were added at the beginning of the 20th century: In 1910, the sorting system was modernized, electric locomotives carried out the transport of debris and impact conveyors and breakers were used underground. In 1916 a 3.3 MW power plant was built.
After an increase in production during the First World War , the annual production dropped from 413,545 t (1917) to 270,364 (1919).
When the entire Pleß mine in Łaziska and the surrounding area fell to Poland in 1922, coal exports to Germany, which until then had accounted for 52% of production, collapsed. As a result, there were numerous mergers between previously independent mines (see illustration at the beginning of this article). Due to the better technical equipment, the entire production from 1935 was concentrated on the "Szczęść Boże" mine. In 1937 the Bradegrube was named "Bolesław Śmiały".
Princes' Pit
In 1914 this mine was founded south of Łaziska Górne on the railway line from Orzesze to Tychy ( Lage ) by the princes of Pless. They had previously acquired the field property from Gustav von Ruffer's heirs, who had already started the first preparatory work the year before. Although the outbreak of the First World War had a negative impact on the construction of the mine, a production of 240,633 t was achieved as early as 1916 with 628 employees (438 of them underground). There was an underground connection with the neighboring mines "Brade" and "Alexander" early on.
In 1917, parallel to the mine, the "Kraft- und Schmelzwerke Prinzengrube AG" was founded, which generated 14,500 kVA of electricity and produced calcium carbide in two electric arc furnaces. The power plant was supposed to put the fine coal produced not only in the Prinzengrube but also in the other Pleß mines to good use; In addition, the pit water from the mines was used to cool the power plant. This concept was so successful that the power station was expanded considerably as early as 1927/28.
Książątko
The Prinzengrube mine with the “Przekop” shaft was named Książątko in 1922 and was merged on July 1, 1925 to form the newly formed Aleksander mine . The coal from the previously independent mines Prinzengrube / Książątko and Heinrichsglück / Szczęście Henryka was unearthed and processed on the site of the Trautscholdsegen / Szczęść Boże colliery .
Heinrichsglück
The mine was located west of Wyrow (Wyry) ( Lage ) on the Pszczyńska road to Mikolów, was owned by the Princes of Pless and started operating in 1779. Their authorization was not clearly delimited from the other pits in this area . At the beginning she mined the flat seam "Luise" with a thickness of 2.5 m, first during the day and then in the tunnel construction . The coal was lifted to the surface via the 38 m deep shaft I.
After the deposit was exhausted , this pit was closed in 1840 and five years later a new mine was built a short distance away under the name Heinrichsglück II ( Lage ). In order to be able to take the 1.90 m thick seam "Anna" into the device, a shaft with a depth of 58 m was sunk here and provided with a conveying and weather run . It worked until 1903. Because this shaft had no siding, the production was only marketed through land sales .
In 1902, Shaft III was added further south on the railway line from Orzesze to Tychy.
In 1922 the mine was named Szczęście Henryka and in 1925 it became part of Aleksander . After the merger, the promotion was set to the mine (closing 1930) and coal to Trautscholdsegen / Szczęść Boże to day lifted and the last slot "Powstańków" dropped. The latter was swamped in 1952 and slammed into the Bolesław Śmiały mine .
Trautschold's blessing
In 1846 Gustav Heinrich von Ruffer (1798-1884) bought several coal fields in central Lazisk, on which coal mining had been operated for a long time before. ( Location ). In 1885, the consolidation of the fields “Frohe Aussicht”, “New Hope”, “St. Anna ”,“ Friederike Trautscholdsegen ”and“ Treue Caroline ”to consol. Trautschold's blessing . Four years earlier, the total production on Trautscholdsegen was only 8,819 t.
It was only with the lease of the mine by the Prince von Hochberg from Pless in 1911 that there were noticeable investments and increases in production. The three shafts "Obermann" (later "Alexander I"), "Hoffmann" (later "Alexander II") and "Gustav Heinrich" were sunk, 7 steam engines and 4 generators were purchased and production increased to 49,483 t. It increased to 176,039 t by 1914.
When the mine was on Polish territory from 1922, it was named Szczęść Boże and in 1925 it was brought into Alexander .
The entire production was then brought to light on Trautscholdsegen / Szczęść Boże ; the facility thus forms the nucleus of the Bolesław Śmiały mine, which is still in operation today .
Alexander / Aleksander
The Alexander mine in Łaziska Górne was founded in 1921 by the Princes of Pless with the aim of merging the various facilities they own (see above) here. The first step in this direction took place in 1925 with the merger of the Trautscholdsegen / Szczęść Boże , Heinrichsglück / Szczęście Henryka and Prinzengrube / Książtko plants and the shutdown of the Prinzengrube and Heinrichsglück mines, which had been producing independently until then . All of the coal was lifted through the “Alexander I / II” shafts (formerly “Obermann” and “Hoffmann”) at the Szczęść Boże plant and processed.
When the Bradegrube was added in 1933 , the composite mine was named Aleksander-Książątko-Brade , and in 1937 the name Aleksander-Książątko-Bolesław Śmiały
God with us
The mine in Mittel-Laszik ( Lage ) was muted on March 14, 1835 by the Nikolaier businessman Ignaz Eisenecker. The loan took place a year later. The original pit field was 680 meters in size, but was still possible after its enlargement in the years from 1852 to 1882 when the fields "Bonaparte I", "Bonaparte impertinence", "Reconciliation", "Valeska" and "Gotthilf I" were awarded only 0.56 km² in size. The two Magdeburg merchants Max and Dieckmann, who owned the Gottmituns kuxe in 1856 , could not raise the capital required to acquire these fields themselves and therefore had to borrow from the Weimar Bank. When the formation of an independent stock corporation under Max and Dieckmann failed, the bank acquired the aforementioned mine fields and in 1890 founded the “Gottmituns-Grube, Aktiengesellschaft für Steinkohlenbergbau” based in Berlin. Baron Leon Maurice Emilio Sternberg de Armella, director of the bank, had a decisive influence on the mine until his death in 1932. He owned the Martha-Valeska mine , which he leased in 1890 to the public limited company held by his bank. In 1900 this attempted to unite all the mines in Central Lazisk and thus to create a 5.31 km² mine that could work economically. The consolidation with the mines Trautscholdsegen (1.46 km²) and Gotthilf (1.11 km²) did not succeed.
In 1905 a coal washing plant was built . In 1912 the mine had the three production shafts "Betty" (later "Yvonne"; 152 m), "Margarethe" (later "Małgorzata"; 262 m) and Friederike (60 m), the second shaft also being used for water retention . The incoming water was also lifted into another shaft; the "Augustschacht" (126 m) was a moving weather shaft.
The following changes took place underground: From 1910, cutting and drilling work was increasingly carried out with machines powered by compressed air, and in 1913 fireless steam locomotives were initially introduced for transport underground, but were replaced by gasoline locomotives as early as 1918.
The separation was rebuilt above ground in 1904 and a new boiler house was built in 1910 to improve the energy economy.
In 1922 the mine was named Waleska .
Waleska
The end of the First World War and the division of Upper Silesia had a significant impact on the mine, now known as the Waleska pit. Coal production fell from 254,867 t before the war to 116,509 t in 1919. 45% of the latter went abroad in 1922 (25% to Germany, 21% to Austria); however, exports to Germany came to a complete standstill due to the German-Polish customs war from 1925 to 1934. This is one of the reasons why the Waleska Pit was unable to meet its payment obligations and was therefore placed under bankruptcy administration from 1925 to 1927 . After a change in the sales structure, things started to pick up again from 1928, but now 92.6% of production was sold in Poland.
Although the Polish authorities supported the mine in the 1930s by placing orders for the delivery of coal for ships and enlarging the mine field by adding the fields "Leon I" and "Leon II", the economic conditions of the mine did not improve sustainable. That is why it was taken over in 1939 by the “Star” joint stock company in Glarus, Switzerland.
The mine only experienced an upswing after the occupation of Poland by Germany during the Second World War . The "Iwona" shaft received a new conveyor system, the processing was restructured and the rescue service reorganized. With a workforce of 1011 people, a production of 383,626 t was achieved in 1943.
In 1945 the mine was nationalized and integrated into the Bolesław Śmiały mine on January 1, 1947 .
Bolesław Śmiały
Organized coal mining in the Łaziska region began in 1779 under Prince Friedrich Erdmann Anhalt-Köthen with the Heinrichsglück opencast mine . In 1797, Magnus von Bludowski opened the mine in a further mine field, which is located in the core area of today's colliery and was called Wierna Karolina . After that, the aforementioned mines were gradually built.
Today's daytime facilities of the mine are located on the premises of the old Trautscholdsegen mine .
The most important stations of the mine after the Second World War are:
- 1963 - Commissioning of the "Alexander III" tower shaft
- 1966 - Construction of a new coal processing plant and covered conveyor bridges
- 1969 - Concentration of all mining activities on the area of the "Alexander I and III" shafts and liquidation of the facilities on the periphery
- 1980 - ski lift with a capacity of 1,550 tons on "Alexander III"
- 1986 - Start of sinking the "Bujaków 2" weather shaft (final depth 700 m)
- 2003 - Battle of the mine management and the workforce for the preservation of the mine; Withdrawal of the dissolution resolution on July 25th.
present
The mine is currently the smallest of the Polska Grupa Górnicza and employs 1756 workers. The mine has a Berechtsame and km² of 74.35 supports from the current construction site "Łaziska" of 29.65 square kilometers a day from 6,000 to 7,000 tons of coal. While in the fourth quarter of 2014 the mine still made losses of 50.57 zł per ton of coal mined, the operating result improved significantly in 2015 and was a profit of 11.77 zł per ton.
Funding figures
- Bradegrube 1873: 22,705 t; 1913: 347,815 tons
- Trautscholdsegen / Szczć Boże 1873: 32,554 t; 1913: 215,645 tons
- Heinrichsglück II / III 1873: 34,738 t; 1913: 172,739 tons
- Alexander 1938: 419,519 t
- Gott-mit-uns / Waleska 1873 56,385 t; 1913: 254,867 t; 1938: 188,060 tons
- Bolesław Śmiały 1970: 2.22 million t; 1979: 2.82 million t
Individual evidence
- ↑ Georg Büchs. Gottmituns-Grube, p. 7.
- ^ Reclaw. Przemysł górnego Śląska na dawnej fotografii. P. 127.
- ↑ Recław 2015, p. 127.
- ↑ Recław 2015, p. 128.
- ↑ Recław 2015, p. 212.
- ↑ Paul Zigerli. Structural details of the Łasziska Górne steam power plant. Schweizerische Bauzeitung 1930. Volume 95/96. Downloaded as a PDF file from doi: 10.5169 / seals-44104 (accessed on December 27, 2017)
- ↑ Recław 2015, p. 204.
- ↑ Büchs 1937 p. 15.
- ↑ Büchs 1937, p. 47.
- ↑ Büchs 1937, p. 46 and p. 64.
- ↑ Büchs 1937, p. 69.
- ↑ Büchs 1937, p. 72.
- ↑ Recław 2015, p. 167.
- ↑ For the story with numerous photos see http://zzgboleslawsmialy.org/?page_id=10 (last accessed December 25, 2017)
- ↑ see archived copy ( memento of the original from July 14, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. "(Accessed February 24, 2016)
- ↑ http://wysokienapiecie.pl/energetyka-konwencjonalna/473-kompania-weglowa-12-z-15-kopaln-na-minusie (accessed on September 6, 2016)
- ↑ http://gornictwo.wnp.pl/polska-grupa-gornicza-musi-powstac-do-konca-kwietnia,266827_1_0_1.html (accessed on June 3, 2016)
swell
- Georg Büchs: 100 years Gottmituns-Grube Kattowitzer Buchdruckerei und Verlagsgesellschaft Sp. Akc., Katowice, 1937. Digitized version at http://www.sbc.org.pl/Content/139070/Waleska_1937.pdf (last accessed on December 25th 2017).
- Jerzy Jaros: Słownik historyczny kopalń węgla na ziemiach polskich. Katowice 1984. ISBN 83-00-00648-6 .
- Yearbook for the Upper Mining District Wroclaw . Phoenix Publishing House. Katowice, Breslau, Berlin. 1913. Digitized version at http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication?id=3349&tab=3 before (last accessed on May 5, 2015)
- Kurt König: The coal mining in Upper Silesia from 1945–1955 . Scientific contributions to the history and regional studies of Eastern Central Europe. Published by the Johann Gottfried Herder Institute. Marburg 1958.
- Damian Recław: Przemysł górnego Śląska na dawnej fotografii . Muzeum w Gliwicach 2015.
Map with all coordinates: