Hengelo Interstadial

Glacial / interglacial	Stadiale / Interstadiale	Period (BC)
Vistula late glacial
	Younger dryas period	10,730-9,700
	Alleröd Interstadial	11,400-10,730
	Older dryas period	11,590-11,400
	Bölling-Interstadial	11,720-11,590
	Oldest dryas period	11,850-11,720
	Meiendorf-Interstadial	12,500-11,850
Vistula high glacial
	Mecklenburg phase	15,000-13,000
	Pomeranian phase	18,200-15,000
	Lascaux-Interstadial	19,000-18,200
	Laugerie-Interstadial	21,500-20,000
	Frankfurt phase	22,000-20,000
	Brandenburg phase	24,000-22,000
	Tursac Interstadial	27,000-25,500
	Maisières-Interstadial	30,500-29,500
	Denekamp-Interstadial	34,000-30,500
	Huneborg Stadium	39,400-34,000
	Hengelo Interstadial	41,300-39,400
	Moershoofd Interstadial	48,700
	Glinde Interstadial	51,500
	Ebersdorf Stadium	53,500
	Oerel-Interstadial	57,700
Vistula early glacial
	Schalkholz Stadium	60,000
	Odderade Interstadial	74,000
	Rederstall-Stadial	?
	Brörup-Interstadial	?
	Amersfoort-Interstadial	?
	Herning Stadium	115,000
Eem warm period
Eem warm period		126,000

The Hengelo Interstadial is the penultimate, relatively mild period before the onset of the ice advances towards the end of the Vistula main glacial . It covers roughly the period 41,500 to 37,000 years BC. Chr.

Naming and conceptual history

The first description of Hengelo interstadial was made in 1967 by Thomas van der Hammen , inter alia, was named it after its type locality , the pool of Hengelo in the eastern Netherlands .

stratigraphy

The Hengelo-Interstadial follows the Hasselo-Stadial , which is in between the Moershoofd-Interstadial, and is in turn replaced by the Huneborg-Stadial and the subsequent Denekamp-Interstadial . It belongs to marine isotope stage 3 and correlates with the Dansgaard-Oeschger event DO11 .

Geology and palynology

The profile at the type locality shows a humus silt mud in a layer of clay in the upper middle soft silt . In 1974 Zagwijn undertook a more precise description, which he supported with pollen diagrams . In general, Cyperaceae predominate in the pollen diagrams , but a clear peak of (dwarf) birch ( Betula nana ) indicates a temporary shrub phase in the then treeless tundra .

Comparable organogenic deposits from this period have been found in several locations in the Netherlands. However, since these profiles can not be clearly characterized by pollen analysis , they must be correlated using radiocarbon dating. In neighboring countries, too, organic sites with suitable radiocarbon ages are now being added to the Hengelo Interstadial.

Dating

Chronological position of the Hengelo Interstadial

For the beginning of the Hengelo Interstadial, van der Hammen et al. (1967) achieved a conventional 14C age of 38,700 ± 400 years vh; calibrated (with CalPal) this corresponds to 41,142 ± 611 years BC. After further radiocarbon dating by other authors, the Hengelo Interstadial has meanwhile been set to the period 36,000 to 39,000 radiocarbon years BC or 39,404 to 41,306 BC. Chr. Narrowed. However, there is no clear demarcation below and above in MIS 3.

Recently, Wolfgang Weißmüller and other authors see the focus of the Hengelo Interstadial in the older Dansgaard-Oeschger event DO 12 and therefore set the beginning much earlier with 43,000 radiocarbon years or 44,682 years BC. Chr. Firmly. Weissmüller now calls the Hengelo interstadial defined at the beginning the W II / III-2 interstadial . Valoch (1996) found in Bohunice near Brno 42,900 radiocarbon years or calibrated 44,381 years BC for the beginning of the Hengelo Interstadial. Chr. And Haesaerts in Willendorf II 41,700 radiocarbon years and 43,203 BC, respectively. Chr.

Critical consideration

The Hengelo Interstadial in the time frame of 30 to 50 ka

Occurrences of medium softsel are not only found in the Hengelo Basin in the Netherlands. The radiocarbon data determined for them vary widely, but nevertheless accumulate between 36,000 and 39,000 radiocarbon years vh (see Ran 1990). However, the deposits rarely contain pure peat . Vandenberghe and van Huissteden (1985) assume that the humus-rich layers of these occurrences do not represent actual interstadials , but rather were an expression of temporarily better and locally limited edaphic conditions.

Cultural development

During the Hengelo Interstadial, Bohunicien and Szeletia developed , transition industries from the Middle Paleolithic to the Younger Paleolithic .

Individual evidence

↑ Thomas Litt, Achim Brauer , Tomasz Goslar, Josef Merkt, Krystyna Bałaga, Helmut Müller, Magdalena Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, Martina Stebich, Jörg FW Negendank: Correlation and synchronization of Lateglacial continental sequences in northern central Europe based on annually laminated lacustrine sediments. In: Quarternary Science Reviews. vol. 20, No. 11, May 2001, pp. 1233-1249.

↑ For the sake of standardization, the age data for the climatic stages of the Vistula Late Glacial were converted to v. With the dendrochronological and warven chronological data, the reference point is the year 1950, ie 1950 years have to be subtracted to get BC. Chr. Indications to receive. The ice core data, on the other hand, relate to the reference year 2000. The age information from the Vistula high glacial is the approximate start of the corresponding time interval vh

↑ T. Van der Hammen, inter alia: Stratigraphy, climatic succession and radiocarbon dating of the Last Glacial in the Netherlands . In: Geologie en Mijnbouw . tape 46 , 1967, p. 79-95 .

↑ JAA Bos, ao: Abrupt climatic events during OIS-3 recorded in terrestrial sediments in the Netherlands: a multi-proxy approach . In: Geophysical Research Abstracts . tape 1 , 2009.

^ W. Zagwijn: Vegetation, climate and radiocarbon datings in the Late Pleistocene of the Netherlands. Part II: Middle Weichselian . In: Mededel. Rijksgeol. Service . NS 25, 1974, p. 101-111 .

↑ W. Weißmüller: A correlation of the δ ¹⁸ O events of the Greenland mainland ice with the interstadials of Atlantic and continental Europe in the period from 45 to 14 ka . S. 89-111 .

↑ K. Valoch: The mean worm in the loess of South Moravia and its Palaeolithic cultures . In: Ice Age and the Present . tape 46 , 1996, pp. 54-64 .

↑ P. Haesaerts: Nouvelles Recherches au gisement de Willendorf (Basse Autriche) . In: Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles en Belgique, Sciences de la Terre . tape 60 , 1990, pp. 203-218 .

^ ETH Ran: Dynamics of vegetation and environment during the middle pleniglacial in the Dinkel valley (The Netherlands) . In: Mededelingen Rijks Geological Service . tape 44 , no. 3 , 1990, p. 141-208 .

↑ T. Litt, among other things: Stratigraphic terms for the Quaternary of the north German glaciation area . In: Ice Age and the Present / Quaternary Science Journal . tape 56 , no. 1–2 , 2007, pp. 7-65 ( quaternary-science.publiss.net ). quaternary-science.publiss.net ( Memento of the original from February 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[1] Thomas Litt, Achim Brauer , Tomasz Goslar, Josef Merkt, Krystyna Bałaga, Helmut Müller, Magdalena Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, Martina Stebich, Jörg FW Negendank: Correlation and synchronization of Lateglacial continental sequences in northern central Europe based on annually laminated lacustrine sediments. In: Quarternary Science Reviews. vol. 20, No. 11, May 2001, pp. 1233-1249.

[2] For the sake of standardization, the age data for the climatic stages of the Vistula Late Glacial were converted to v. With the dendrochronological and warven chronological data, the reference point is the year 1950, ie 1950 years have to be subtracted to get BC. Chr. Indications to receive. The ice core data, on the other hand, relate to the reference year 2000. The age information from the Vistula high glacial is the approximate start of the corresponding time interval vh

[3] T. Van der Hammen, inter alia: Stratigraphy, climatic succession and radiocarbon dating of the Last Glacial in the Netherlands . In: Geologie en Mijnbouw . tape 46 , 1967, p. 79-95 .

[4] JAA Bos, ao: Abrupt climatic events during OIS-3 recorded in terrestrial sediments in the Netherlands: a multi-proxy approach . In: Geophysical Research Abstracts . tape 1 , 2009.

[5] W. Zagwijn: Vegetation, climate and radiocarbon datings in the Late Pleistocene of the Netherlands. Part II: Middle Weichselian . In: Mededel. Rijksgeol. Service . NS 25, 1974, p. 101-111 .

[6] W. Weißmüller: A correlation of the δ ¹⁸ O events of the Greenland mainland ice with the interstadials of Atlantic and continental Europe in the period from 45 to 14 ka . S. 89-111 .

[7] K. Valoch: The mean worm in the loess of South Moravia and its Palaeolithic cultures . In: Ice Age and the Present . tape 46 , 1996, pp. 54-64 .

[8] P. Haesaerts: Nouvelles Recherches au gisement de Willendorf (Basse Autriche) . In: Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles en Belgique, Sciences de la Terre . tape 60 , 1990, pp. 203-218 .

[9] ETH Ran: Dynamics of vegetation and environment during the middle pleniglacial in the Dinkel valley (The Netherlands) . In: Mededelingen Rijks Geological Service . tape 44 , no. 3 , 1990, p. 141-208 .