Huneborg Stadium

Glacial / interglacial	Stadiale / Interstadiale	Period (BC)
Vistula late glacial
	Younger dryas period	10,730-9,700
	Alleröd Interstadial	11,400-10,730
	Older dryas period	11,590-11,400
	Bölling-Interstadial	11,720-11,590
	Oldest dryas period	11,850-11,720
	Meiendorf-Interstadial	12,500-11,850
Vistula high glacial
	Mecklenburg phase	15,000-13,000
	Pomeranian phase	18,200-15,000
	Lascaux-Interstadial	19,000-18,200
	Laugerie-Interstadial	21,500-20,000
	Frankfurt phase	22,000-20,000
	Brandenburg phase	24,000-22,000
	Tursac Interstadial	27,000-25,500
	Maisières-Interstadial	30,500-29,500
	Denekamp-Interstadial	34,000-30,500
	Huneborg Stadium	39,400-34,000
	Hengelo Interstadial	41,300-39,400
	Moershoofd Interstadial	48,700
	Glinde Interstadial	51,500
	Ebersdorf Stadium	53,500
	Oerel-Interstadial	57,700
Vistula early glacial
	Schalkholz Stadium	60,000
	Odderade Interstadial	74,000
	Rederstall-Stadial	?
	Brörup-Interstadial	?
	Amersfoort-Interstadial	?
	Herning Stadium	115,000
Eem warm period
Eem warm period		126,000

The Huneborg-Stadial is a cold relapse during the Vistula High Glacial . It dates roughly to the period 40,000 to 35,000 BC. Chr.

First description and type locality

The Huneborg Stadium was first described in 1995 by Thomas van der Hammen in the course of his stratigraphic work on the Dinkeltal in the eastern Netherlands . The Stadial is named after the Huneborg , a castle near Ootmarsum .

Stratigraphy and Correlations

Temporal position of the Huneborg stadium

The Huneborg-Stadial follows the Hengelo-Interstadial and is in turn overlaid by the Denekamp-Interstadial . It occurred during MIS 3 and correlates with the Dansgaard-Oeschger events DO10 , which marks the beginning of the stage, as well as DO9 and DO8 . The Heinrich event H4 occurs between DO9 and DO8 .

The Huneborg-Stadial is not a continuous cold anomaly, rather it is initiated by a warm phase , the Huneborg-Interstadial or Huneborg I , characterized by DO10 and DO9. Only with the Heinrich event H4 were stadial conditions realized. The Huneborg Stadium closes from DO8 with another warm phase, the Huneborg II ; this warm phase corresponds to the Les Cottés-Interstadial in archeology .

The Huneborg-Stadial includes pollen levels XI, XII and XIII-XII.

Dating

A direct dating of the Huneborg-Stadial is not known, but it can be said about the end of the Hengelo-Interstadial and DO10 as well as the beginning of the Denekamp-Interstadial in the period 39,400 to 34,900 BC. Be classified. Based on the Greenland ice core NGRIP , DO10 can be traced back to 39,800 years BC. The end of the stadial comes at 34,800 BC. To lie. Van der Hammen (1995) assigns 35,700 to 34,500 radiocarbon years to the interval Huneborg I , ie calibrated (with CalPal) the period 39,206 to 37,801 BC. For Huneborg II he gives 33,300 to 32,000 radiocarbon years or 35,547 to 34,069 BC. The actual stadial thus covers the period 37,801 to 35,547 BC. Chr.

Environmental parameters

The Huneborg Stadium in the time frame of 25 to 45 ka BP and course of the GISP 2 oxygen isotope curve

Oxygen isotopes

The δ ¹⁸ O values for the actual stadial are around - 43.5 ‰. However, the interstadials reached significantly higher values (up to 5.5 ‰), Huneborg II (DO8) for example - 38 ‰ and Huneborg I (DO10) - 38.7 ‰. The heat anomaly DO 9 was somewhat more indistinct at -40 ‰.

climate

Temperatures

Marshall and Koutnik (2006) found a fluctuation in the annual average temperatures of almost 7 ° C between the Stadial and the Interstadial Huneborg II for the southeastern Laurentid Ice Sheet .

vegetation

Due to the rather high temperature fluctuations within the Huneborg stadium, the vegetation in Central Europe oscillated between subarctic (interstadial) and arctic (stadial) plant associations. Permafrost even established itself during H4 .

Volcanic eruption

Immediately after the H4 event, the super-eruption of the Campanian ignimbrite occurred , dated 39,280 years BP or 37,300 BC. It reached level 7 with a total of 430 to 680 cubic kilometers of ejected material on the VEI . The consequences of this event were, in addition to volcanic winters, possibly the displacement of the Neanderthals by anatomically modern humans .

Magnetic field reversal

Centered around 41,000 years BP or 39,000 BC. BC (period 41,900 to 39,600 years BP) the Laschamp event occurred , a relatively brief reversal of the polarity of the earth's magnetic field . Due to the simultaneous decrease in intensity, the cosmic radiation increased recognizable by the increase in radionuclides ¹⁰ Be and ¹⁴ C.

Cultural development and archeology

The Huneborg Stadial correlates with the Early Upper Paleolithic . With Huneborg II the transition from Moustérien to Aurignacien took place . The Maisières Canal near Mons in Belgium, which originates from this interval, already documents the Aurignacia with its tool finds. The special development of the Szeletia during the Huneborg Stadium represents a local development in Eastern Europe . Eastern Szeletia is represented by the Buran-Kaya III site in the Crimea . Another site in the Crimea is Kabazi V , an abri that was inhabited by Neanderthals .

The Austrian site Schwallenbach (location of Venus von Willendorf ) with the Schwallenbach II horizon and Willendorf II (horizon C-4) also correspond to the Huneborg II. They document an already advanced Aurignacia.

Individual evidence

↑ Thomas Litt, Achim Brauer , Tomasz Goslar, Josef Merkt, Krystyna Bałaga, Helmut Müller, Magdalena Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, Martina Stebich, Jörg FW Negendank: Correlation and synchronization of Lateglacial continental sequences in northern central Europe based on annually laminated lacustrine sediments. In: Quarternary Science Reviews. vol. 20, No. 11, May 2001, pp. 1233-1249.
↑ For the sake of standardization, the age data for the climatic stages of the Vistula Late Glacial were converted to v. With the dendrochronological and warven chronological data, the reference point is the year 1950, ie 1950 years have to be subtracted to get BC. Chr. Indications to receive. The ice core data, on the other hand, relate to the reference year 2000. The age information from the Vistula high glacial is the approximate start of the corresponding time interval vh
^ T. Van der Hammen: The Dinkel Valley revisited: pleniglacial stratigraphy and global climatic change. Neogene and Quaternary Palaeoecology: a farewell to Waldo H. Zagwijn . In: GFW Herngreen, L. van der Valk (ed.): Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst . tape 52 , no. 1/2 , 1995, ISSN 0770-2108 , pp. 343-355 .
↑ NJ Shackleton, RG Fairbanks, T.-C. Chiu, F. Parrenin: Absolute calibration of the Greenland time scale: implications for Antarctic time scales and for d14C . In: Quaternary Science Reviews . tape 23 , 2004, pp. 1513-1522 .
^ Shawn J. Marshall, 1 Michelle R. Koutnik: Ice sheet action versus reaction: Distinguishing between Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles in the North Atlantic . In: Paleoceanography . 21, PA2021, 2006, doi : 10.1029 / 2005PA001247 .
^ B. De Vivo, inter alia: New constraints on the pyroclastic eruptive history of the Campanian volcanic Plain (Italy) . In: Mineralogy and Petrology . tape 73 , 2001, pp. 47-65 .
↑ NR Nowaczyk, including: Dynamics of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion from Black Sea sediments . In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters . tape 351–352 , 2012, pp. 54-69 .
↑ Damien Flas, Rebecca Miller, Benjamin Jacobs: Les "burins" de l'atelier de débitage Aurignacian de Maisières-Canal (Province du Hainaut, Belgique) . In: Archéologiques . tape 2 . Luxembourg 2006, p. 55-74 .
↑ AE Marks, K. Monigal: Origins of the European Upper Paleolithic, Seen from Crimea. Simple Myth or Complex Reality? In: PJ Brantingham, SL Kuhn, KW Kerry (eds.): The Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe . University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London 2004, pp. 64-79 .
↑ Paul Haesaerts, Nicolas Teyssandier: The early Upper Paleolithic occupations of Willendorf II (Lower Austria): a contribution to the chronostratigraphic and cultural context of the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic in Central Europe . In: João Zilhão, Francesco d'Errico (ed.): Trabalhos de Arqueologia . tape 33 , 2001, p. 133-151 .

[1] Thomas Litt, Achim Brauer , Tomasz Goslar, Josef Merkt, Krystyna Bałaga, Helmut Müller, Magdalena Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, Martina Stebich, Jörg FW Negendank: Correlation and synchronization of Lateglacial continental sequences in northern central Europe based on annually laminated lacustrine sediments. In: Quarternary Science Reviews. vol. 20, No. 11, May 2001, pp. 1233-1249.

[2] For the sake of standardization, the age data for the climatic stages of the Vistula Late Glacial were converted to v. With the dendrochronological and warven chronological data, the reference point is the year 1950, ie 1950 years have to be subtracted to get BC. Chr. Indications to receive. The ice core data, on the other hand, relate to the reference year 2000. The age information from the Vistula high glacial is the approximate start of the corresponding time interval vh

[3] T. Van der Hammen: The Dinkel Valley revisited: pleniglacial stratigraphy and global climatic change. Neogene and Quaternary Palaeoecology: a farewell to Waldo H. Zagwijn . In: GFW Herngreen, L. van der Valk (ed.): Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst . tape 52 , no. 1/2 , 1995, ISSN 0770-2108 , pp. 343-355 .

[4] NJ Shackleton, RG Fairbanks, T.-C. Chiu, F. Parrenin: Absolute calibration of the Greenland time scale: implications for Antarctic time scales and for d14C . In: Quaternary Science Reviews . tape 23 , 2004, pp. 1513-1522 .

[5] Shawn J. Marshall, 1 Michelle R. Koutnik: Ice sheet action versus reaction: Distinguishing between Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles in the North Atlantic . In: Paleoceanography . 21, PA2021, 2006, doi : 10.1029 / 2005PA001247 .

[6] B. De Vivo, inter alia: New constraints on the pyroclastic eruptive history of the Campanian volcanic Plain (Italy) . In: Mineralogy and Petrology . tape 73 , 2001, pp. 47-65 .

[7] NR Nowaczyk, including: Dynamics of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion from Black Sea sediments . In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters . tape 351–352 , 2012, pp. 54-69 .

[8] Damien Flas, Rebecca Miller, Benjamin Jacobs: Les "burins" de l'atelier de débitage Aurignacian de Maisières-Canal (Province du Hainaut, Belgique) . In: Archéologiques . tape 2 . Luxembourg 2006, p. 55-74 .

[9] AE Marks, K. Monigal: Origins of the European Upper Paleolithic, Seen from Crimea. Simple Myth or Complex Reality? In: PJ Brantingham, SL Kuhn, KW Kerry (eds.): The Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe . University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London 2004, pp. 64-79 .

[10] Paul Haesaerts, Nicolas Teyssandier: The early Upper Paleolithic occupations of Willendorf II (Lower Austria): a contribution to the chronostratigraphic and cultural context of the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic in Central Europe . In: João Zilhão, Francesco d'Errico (ed.): Trabalhos de Arqueologia . tape 33 , 2001, p. 133-151 .