Max H. Müller Brinker Eisenwerk Hannover-Brink
The company Max H. Müller Brinker Eisenwerk Hannover-Brink was founded in 1915 by the brothers and engineers Max (imilian) Müller II (born August 4, 1873 in Altona; † June 15, 1952 Steinhude) and Gustav Müller (1877-1943) in Hanover -Brink-Hafen founded. The ironworks was the extension of the company founded by her father Max (imilian) Müller I (born January 17, 1850 in Berlin; † January 14, 1912 in Hahnenklee) in 1879 in Oldenburg and relocated to Hanover-Hainholz on January 30, 1889 " Max Müller machine and mold factory ". The operation in Brink was set to arms production. The brothers separated due to inheritance disputes. Gustav Müller, the "Hainholzer Line", was the sole owner of the Hainholzer company from around 1920 and Max Müller II was the owner of the ironworks in Brink. An agreement was concluded with which Max Müller II undertook not to manufacture any machines for the next 20 years after the separation that were part of the production program of the Hainholz plant.
First years
In the years 1918–1920, the repair of locomotives was one of the main sources of income, as these were in enormous need of repairs due to the heavy use during the war. In the negotiations with the Reichsbahndirektion Hannover it was suggested that the worn superstructure materials such as straps and hook plates should be refurbished. The special machines required for this work were designed and manufactured in the factory. The ironworks had himself for this work practically a monopoly and was in the years of the Great Depression so busy 1930-1933 with those orders that are worked in the spring and summer of this year in two or three layers had.
In 1932 the first butt welding machine was purchased in order to be able to take over the reconditioning of steel sleepers. During this time, track harrows were also built, heavy welded constructions that were used to break up the track bed. At the end of 1932 a sleeper welding shop was set up, also due to tax relief from an economic program. Max Müller II had applied for a patent for the reconditioning of the tabs, which he successfully enforced against the resistance of the Reichsbahnverwaltung and against the opposition of other companies. This patent was also used in many other countries, and license agreements were concluded in Poland, Denmark, England, Switzerland and the Netherlands with great negotiating skills. The good contacts to the management of the Reichsbahn were maintained. These excellent contacts at management level were also maintained after 1945 with the "Deutsche Reichsbahn im Vereinigte Wirtschaftsgebiet" (German State Railroad in the United Economic Area), and from September 1949 with the "Deutsche Bundesbahn". It was not until 1998 that the more than 80 years of cooperation with the Deutsche Bundesbahn ended.
In May 1930 the son of Max (imilian) Müller II, Max Müller III (born September 4, 1904 Hanover; January 16, 1987 ibid) joined his father's company.
production
ammunition
In 1932 the management received a visit from a representative of the Reichswehr Ministry, who very carefully and cautiously addressed the possibility of starting certain products for armaments purposes. In March 1934, Max Müller II was asked to meet at the Heereswaffenamt in Berlin. Following this conversation, he was commissioned to set up a factory for the manufacture of artillery ammunition. In May 1934, the iron structure of an old production hall, which had previously been acquired in Halberstadt, was built in Hanover. The necessary information about the production process for the production of artillery projectiles was obtained from the Bochumer Verein . The machines required for production were developed according to the specifications of the ironworks and produced in the company of Max Müller II's father-in-law, Hermann Wohlenberg . The first machines were put into operation in October 1934. Artillery ammunition was produced in caliber 37 mm to 380 mm, the latter for the " Bismarck ".
Planes
In autumn 1935, on the recommendation of the director of the Commerzbank branch in Hanover, Mr. Paul Narjes, the company received a visit from a representative of the Reich Ministry of Aviation . The Reich Aviation Ministry was looking for a company that was ready to set up an aircraft repair facility in Hanover. It was not possible to set up such a production facility on the existing site. The site of the Koebe company was acquired, formerly owned by the Issen brothers, who operated an iron foundry and machine factory there. Some of the halls on the site were demolished and the plant, called Plant II, was expanded very generously for its intended purpose. On the site of the nearby Vahrenwald airport , a hall was built for the final assembly of the aircraft and flight operations, called Plant III. In October 1936 the first repair aircraft, a Heinkel He 46, was delivered.
The first repair orders included the aircraft types Heinkel He 46 , Heinkel He 51 , a double-decker fighter, Junkers Ju 52 as a transport and bomb aircraft, Junkers Ju 86 and Dornier Do 17
In 1939, the company received an order from the Gesellschaft für Luftfahrtanlagen, a subdivision of the Reich Aviation Ministry , to build a warehouse to store spare parts for Dornier Do 215 and 217 aircraft. For this purpose, the company acquired a plot of 30,000 m² in Brink and built a warehouse on a 10,000 m² section.
weapons
At the same time as the expansion of the aircraft factory in 1935, armaments production was expanded in the main factory. There, 8 cm grenade launchers and 3.7 cm anti-aircraft guns were produced by order.
Others
For years, Max Müller III tried to convince his father that a one-sided focus on government contracts entails certain risks and that the company should also operate on the free market. In 1937 he received approval for the construction of machine tools and especially milling machines. He initiated the construction of a milling machine and in 1938 the production facilities were procured and the construction of an assembly hall began. At the end of 1938, the company received a visit from a commission from the High Command of the Navy, which ordered that these manufacturing facilities be made available to the interests of the Navy.
Workers
The rapid development of the air force aroused the interest of many young people in aircraft construction and the company had no difficulties in finding workers for the operation until the beginning of the war. Some engineers and masters were also poached from the aircraft industry.
In order to carry out the production programs imposed on the company, women from the fish factories on the North Sea were assigned to the company during the first weeks of the war and used in aircraft construction. In addition, numerous skilled workers came from other parts of Germany who were obliged to serve on the instructions of the employment offices. Barracks were built by the labor service to accommodate the workers and their families.
Green shirts
With the development of the Wehrmacht and the growth of German industry, however, it became increasingly difficult to recruit trained workers. At the end of 1938, a larger group of Germans from Brazil, the so-called "green shirts", were returned to Germany. The company received instructions from an agency to hire these people at the plant. Under the green shirts were a number of craftsmen who were well needed in the various areas of the company.
However, the accommodation of the families caused great difficulties and so it was decided, with the energetic support of the mayor, to found the "non-profit settlement company Langenhagen". The architect Joseph Herlitzius was commissioned with the planning. By 1942, almost 400 apartments had been built and rented to employees. With the exception of about 20 apartments, all of them were completely destroyed in January 1945 by one of the last bomber attacks on Hanover's north.
In August 1939 the workforce in the main plant and in Plant II each numbered 1,000. Around 20% of the workforce worked for the orders of the Deutsche Reichsbahn , the remaining employees were fully occupied with Wehrmacht orders .
Slave labor
Shortly after the French campaign, the company was assigned foreign workers, mainly Belgians and French, both civilian workers and prisoners of war, to fill the gaps that had arisen when the qualified employees were called up for military service.
At the end of 1941, hundreds of Russian civilian workers, men and women, were assigned to the company. Some of these people had been transported in freight wagons for two weeks and were in a desolate state. The first transport women were sent to newly built barracks after they were washed, clothed and fed. A total of around 700 forced laborers were employed.
There were strict rules separating Eastern workers from Western workers, and there was a strict ban on going out.
The company management always tried to treat the workforce equally, regardless of whether they were Germans, Dutch, Belgians, French, Russians, Yugoslavs, Italians (these were Italian officers who were deployed in the company after the Badoglio putsch ) or Poland acted. This fair treatment of the forced laborers, given the circumstances, also meant that after the capture of Hanover by the Allied forces, there was no looting, rioting or mistreatment of employees by former forced laborers of the company.
From 1939
After the aircraft repair plant was set up, Max Müller III had to come to the Reich Aviation Ministry in Berlin twice a month to discuss the constantly changing programs and to discuss and decide the necessary measures together with the procurement officer. He was in Berlin on August 31, 1939.
In the ammunition production sector, the company was commissioned to manufacture special projectiles for combating the Maginot Line. These so-called 21 cm BE grenades had a hardened and reinforced tip to smash the armored works of the French border fortifications. Due to the lack of manpower, which was expressed in a corresponding report to the Army Office, the Reich Minister for Armaments and Ammunition Fritz Todt appeared with his staff at the company, inspected the company and ensured that 40 German workers were involved in the construction of the Siegfried Line were assigned to the company for the special order. Karl-Otto Saur, who later became the head of the Office for Technology at the Reich Ministry for Armaments and War Production in Berlin, also attended this meeting.
Following the French campaign, the production of armored car cannons caliber 5 cm was accelerated in the main plant, as it had been shown that the equipment of the German combat vehicles with mostly 3.7 cm guns was inadequate.
Activities abroad
Shortly after the occupation of Paris, Max Müller III went to France with a commission headed by Fleck, an assistant to Friedrich Schwerd from the Technical University of Hanover, and visited the operations of the French Navy. In these factories they found vast amounts of raw material and the like. a, seawater-proof bronze, which was required to drive the movements of the ship's guns.
To concentrate production, the Army Weapons Office had set up so-called working groups, which consisted of the amalgamation of several companies that were commissioned to manufacture the same products. In the working group of the 3.7 cm Marine Flak group, and later also in the 8.8 cm submarine cannons group, the company was entrusted with the management. The submarine cannons were manufactured in the “La Précision Moderne” company in Paris.
At the same time as the production for the Navy in Paris, the company was given the task of investigating to what extent the SABCA company, an aircraft factory in Belgium, was able to produce spare parts for the German air force. The head of the company was Robert Servais. When the company was taken over, 160 people were employed there. The workforce grew to 1,300 men who produced in a former linoleum factory in the area of the Brussels port.
Next came the order from the Ministry of Aviation to set up a so-called front repair facility north of Oslo. This operation originated in a former air force factory of the Norwegian Army Administration.
Around 700 men were employed in Norway, 1,300 in Belgium and 1,200 in France in Paris and Vierzon.
Since management personnel had to be assigned to all of these companies, this meant a considerable bloodletting of reliable and proven employees for the Hannoversche Werke. The entire technical control of materials and orders, the allocation of materials and billing and payment was carried out from Hanover.
From 1941
In the autumn of 1941, the company received a letter from the Army Armed Forces Office confirming that the company had made a decisive contribution to the success of this weapon in the Russian campaign by quickly rearming the armored troops to the 5 cm cannon.
Shortly afterwards, Max Müller III received the order to come to the Army Weapons Office in Berlin, where Colonel Dr-Ing. habil. Hans Leyers (born March 5, 1896 Düsseldorf; † February 2, 1981 Eschweiler), the head of the weapons department (Wa I Rü WuG 2) in the office group for industrial armament - weapons and equipment at the head of the army weapons office / high command of the army (later General Plenipotentiary of the Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production for Italy), a Führer's resolution was presented, according to which all facilities for the production of the 5 cm cannons were to be scrapped because these weapons would no longer be used, the Russian campaign had been won. The completion report was required within 14 days, the devices and tools of this production were to be delivered as scrap. The objections raised by Max Müller III were abruptly rejected with reference to the military order.
The great losses of equipment in the following winter then demanded the immediate resumption of the production of tank guns. However, it turned out that the 5 cm cannon was not up to the Russian tanks, which is why production was stopped again. The company has now received the order to produce 40,000 tank shells of the 88 mm caliber per month.
In 1943, Max Müller II transferred the management of the entire company in full responsibility to his son Max Müller III.
The intensifying air raids in 1944 and the lack of anti-aircraft defense over Germany prompted the armaments inspectorate to relocate the important armaments factories to more isolated areas. The company relocated the tool shop and fixture construction to a company in Rohrsen near Hameln. Part of the aircraft operations in Plant II were moved to Bodenwerder on the Weser and the entry operations were relocated to Wunstorf. Gun production was moved to a former oil mill in Freden an der Leine. The government had stored all possible supplies of material in the buildings of the former oil mill. Russian prisoners of war were used for the removal, and they had to manually remove 7,000 tons of copper plates (90 kg per plate of analytical pure copper). There were also several hundred tons of coffee, raisins, hundreds of thousands of cigarettes and cigars, a barrel of rose oil and many other things like alcohol, rice, etc. in the warehouse.
In September 1944 Max Müller III was commissioned by Albert Speer to report to the main shipbuilding committee in Berlin. There he received an order from Otto Merker to rebuild the Kiel shipyard group ( Howaldswerft , Deutsche Werke Kiel and Kruppsche Germania shipyard in Kiel) as quickly as possible. The factory halls in Kiel were almost completely destroyed by massive bomb attacks. The extensive energy supply systems such as acetylene, gas, electricity, compressed air, water lines, etc. required for the operations were interrupted in many places. The production of the submarine type XXI should start again within a very short time. Twice a month there were meetings in the Office for Technology at the Reich Ministry for Armaments and Ammunition in Berlin. These meetings were led by the State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, Karl-Otto Saur , who was given full powers and had no problems overcoming transport, material or personnel difficulties. Thanks to the unrestricted powers of Saur, the company succeeded in procuring the necessary manpower and materials and starting the planned production within a very short time.
The Germania shipyard received the order to build two-man submarines that were powered by a 60-hp Büssing diesel engine. The small submarines called Seehund were built for a crew of two. The manufacture of the boats began in October 1944, and by the end of November one boat was being launched every day from an assembly line.
Air strikes
In September 1943 there were the first heavy air raids on Hanover. Two day raids by the Americans with minor damage were followed by a heavy night raid by the British Air Force. Plant II was badly hit and burned down almost completely due to the materials stored there, such as magnesium parts for components in aircraft, electrical cables and many other flammable substances. To expand production, two new halls were built in 1942, Hall 6 with around 6000 m² and Hall 5 with around 4000 m². Hall 6, which had a wooden roof construction due to a lack of material, was completely burned down. The loss of this hall and the technical equipment located there, with which a really smooth production was achieved, was completely destroyed and a reconstruction of the hall was out of the question, although the hall had already received a heavy bomb hit that hit the walls of the hall threw outwards. The Russian workers were promised a bottle of cognac per worker if they managed to get the hall working again within six days. After six days, bullet production in the hall resumed and every Russian worker involved in the reconstruction was given a bottle of cognac. This cognac came from stocks that the company had received from Albert Speer's armaments ministry as recognition for special achievements.
On December 15, 1944, the northern industrial area of Hanover was badly damaged by a daytime attack by the Americans. An explosive bomb had completely destroyed a 12 m long pusher oven, the remains of the tool shop that had not been relocated and the teaching house were completely destroyed. A planer was completely destroyed. Plant II was also badly damaged. After less than a week, production was back in full swing.
On January 10, 1945, Plant II was almost completely destroyed by another air raid. The factory settlement was also badly hit in this air raid. Six of the 250 apartments were preserved, and another six could be restored with relatively little effort.
After 1945
On April 10, 1945 at 10:00 a.m., the plant was occupied by American soldiers. The next day, the private house of Max Müller III was requisitioned by American soldiers when they were asked to vacate the house within 20 minutes.
On April 12, Max Müller III was interrogated by British and American officers in Plant I. In this conversation he learned that two English officers of the secret service disguised as Dutch had worked for the company for two years. Furthermore, on that day Max Müller III was able to secure around 400,000 marks in wages of the foreign workers who were about to be confiscated, with the help of an American officer, and bring them to the workers for payment.
After several days of efforts, Max Müller III managed to get permission from a Major Fink in the town hall to carry out repair work on public buildings and facilities with around 200 of his workforce. With the help of this approval, the company then received orders, including putting the slaughterhouse in order, restoration work on the main post office building and other work of this kind. The materials for this came from the factory.
The company management learned that the English wanted to confiscate Plant II. Thereupon, the removal of material from Plant II to Plant I began immediately. Several wagons of material, especially light metal, tools, etc., were thus withdrawn from confiscation. Shortly afterwards, the English occupied under the leadership of Major Harland, co-owner of the Harland & Wolff Ltd. , Plant II. Harland had the order to set up a collection depot for war booty in the plant, later also civil booty, and to bring it to England.
On the afternoon of August 4th, Max Müller III received a summons for a hearing before the military tribunal on Monday, August 6th. He was accused of failing to comply with an order from Major Harland to appear at Plant II with a few hundred employees. He was sentenced to 9 months in prison and the sentence was immediate. After five weeks in detention (inmate number 456), he was released.
In the meantime, former workers who had been drafted into the Wehrmacht had returned and the company began to produce again. The most valuable machines had been taken away by the English. Pots and roof cladding made of light metal were made from the available material. Work on public buildings and facilities was carried out with allocated material.
Transport containers were repaired for the Federal Railroad and spare parts for locomotives were manufactured at the Freden plant. Can sealing machines were also manufactured in the plant.
At the same time, rubble and bomb debris were cleared and stones were knocked in order to restore the production buildings.
At the beginning of October 1945, Max Müller III was informed by the military government that he had been dismissed and that he was no longer allowed to enter the plant. There was no justification for this measure. He installed Mr. Krämer as his authorized representative and then tried for 2¼ years to have the order withdrawn. After the negotiations before the denazification committee , Max Müller III was classified in the group of so-called minor offenders, but since his assets were still subject to the Military Law 52 of the Allied Control Council (formerly SHAEF Law No. 52), he had 250 marks per month from his assets to.
In 1946 the name "Max H. Müller Brinker Eisenwerk" was banned by the British military government. In 1947 the company was renamed "Hannoversches Presswerk Max Müller GmbH & Co."
In 1946, extensive machine and inventory lists had to be drawn up and taken to be dismantled. All means of transport, cranes, steam lines, heating pipes were dismantled and scrapped. The company's workforce stood united and did their best to prevent the damage. Valuable testing devices and tools were buried by employees and saved from destruction.
At the beginning of 1948, at the suggestion of Max Müller III's father-in-law, Hans Werner , the production of small lathes began. There was an offer from the Alexanderwerke to take over the machine tool production there, but this did not fit into the program of the manufacturing and sales group "United Lathe Factory" (VDF) and the Wohlenberg company. After several negotiations, the company then acquired the drawings and materials for a dozen machines from the Alexanderwerke with the assurance, in addition to the purchase price, of delivering several of these machines or equivalent new machines after the expected currency reform . Production began in Freden and the first machines were delivered by the end of 1948. These machines were sold by the Wohlenberg KG sales company, Wohlenberg & Co. under the management of Max Müller II's brother-in-law, Kurt Vetter. After about 60 machines had been sold, the company Gebr. Boehringer, as a member of the VDF, declared that these machines would represent competition within the VDF, and Wohlenberg & Co. was asked to stop selling these machines. The failure of this distribution channel led to considerable sales difficulties and forced the establishment of an own distribution network.
Currency reform
With the currency reform on June 20, 1948, the German mark was introduced in the three western occupation zones of Germany ( Trizone ) . After the currency reform, clients were given the opportunity to cancel and even cancel orders placed before the currency reform, which the Trizone's "Deutsche Reichsbahn in the United Economic Area" made extensive use of. The company had large inventories of locomotive cylinders and other spare parts that were now not for sale. These inventories could then be sold at a loss for DM 30,000 to DM 40,000 to the Works Association of the Southwest German Railways (SWDE) in Speyer.
From 1949
From the end of 1948 to 1957 milling machines were built for the company Biernatzki, Mannheim. The task of building standard machine tools was also linked to competition from the Eastern Bloc countries, which had severely depressed prices on the international market.
Even during the construction phase, thanks to the know-how acquired during the company's own ammunition production, it was possible to win some large orders from abroad for the establishment of ammunition factories. The company received the largest order for 60 machines from the Cockerill company in Liège. Further orders came from Greece, Belgium, Sweden and Portugal.
In 1949 the company received a pamphlet from Pintsch-Electro GmbH in Constance, in which a control device for DC motors was offered. Based on this suggestion, the company developed a control for lathes that allows working with constant cutting speed. The first machine with this drive called Tronomat was presented at the technical fair in Hanover in 1950. The machine was called ELTROMATIC and sold away from the trade fair to Norway for processing electrical heating plates.
At the end of 1950 the decision was made to transfer production from the Freden plant to Hanover, which was then implemented in early 1951. During this time, through the mediation of the general director of Hanomag , Otto Merker (who was known from his time as head of the main committee for shipbuilding in the Reich Ministry for Armaments and War Production), several hundred engine blocks for Hanomag's tractor production were made makeshift because Hanomag at that time did not have any production facilities necessary for this.
At the end of 1951, the property freeze under Military Law 52 of the Allied Control Council was lifted. Max Müller II died on June 15, 1952. Plant II and the halls at the airport remained confiscated by the military government until 1955. The damage caused by the use by the military government was repaired at a cost of around DM 800,000.
In 1957 the company "Max Müller Brinker Maschinenfabrik" was founded, and this company has concentrated on the manufacture of high-performance production machines with automatic control. The ELTROPILOT control system arose from the idea of using a matrix switcher as a control unit, and hundreds of copies have been made throughout the world. The company was one of the leading manufacturers of NC-controlled lathes. In 1971 this company was sold to Gildemeister AG in Bielefeld.
In the same year, after the death of his brother-in-law Kurt Seyderhelm (born May 19, 1892 in Strasbourg; † December 29, 1971 in Hanover), Max Müller III took over the management of "Max Müller Maschinen und Formenfabrik", the company belonging to the Hainholz family. Investments were made in modern machines and new sales channels were opened up, also financed by the sale of the Hainholz properties. At the same time the company was converted into a GmbH & Co. KG. Together with his son Max Müller IV (born May 6, 1935 in Hanover), who has headed the Hanover press shop since 1973, new buildings for production, construction and sales were built in Max-Müller-Straße, and in October 1983 the Hainholz moves to the premises of the Hanover press shop. At the age of 79, Max Müller III handed over management to his son Max Müller IV on April 1, 1984. On January 1, 1988, his second son Hans KG Müller (born January 12, 1939 in Hanover; † October 14, 2002 there) also joined the company's management.
In 1989, Max Müller IV acquired the company founded in 1846 by master locksmith Johann Heinrich Kattentidt (1795–1877) in Hildesheim as "Kattentidt'sche Eisengießerei und Maschinenfabrik", which is one of the oldest machine factories in Lower Saxony. After the death of Ernst-Wolfgang Kattentidt from the fifth generation, no male successor was available. Max Müller IV closed the branch in Hildesheim and integrated Kattentidt into the Max Müller group of companies in Hanover.
The Max Müller group of companies was looking for a further mainstay and on June 1, 1993, from bankruptcy , acquired the machine factory founded in 1919 under the name Herbort, Kricheldorff & Brüser in Braunschweig , which produces machines for the canning industry, in particular small sealing machines, cutting and produced flanging machines, cooking systems, filling devices and labeling machines. The Braunschweig site was given up, and exactly one year later the company and the rest of the workforce moved to Max-Müller-Strasse in Hanover.
1995 Kattentidt was merged with the Herbort company. In June 2006 the company was spun off from the group of companies and operates under the name Herbort BVBA at the same location.
literature
- The book of the old companies of the city of Hanover, 1954 , Hanover 1954: Adolf Sponholtz Verlag, p. 72f.
- Helmut Plath , Herbert Mundhenke , Ewald Brix : Heimatchronik der Stadt Hannover , Cologne, 1956, p. 386f.
- Müller, Max: The history of the Max Müller family and company . Hanover 1967, self-published
- 100 years of Max Müller 1889–1989 , published by Max Müller Maschinen und Formenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG
- Waldemar R. Röhrbein : MÜLLER, (6) Max , in: Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon , p. 262 f.
- Berend Denkena (Ed.): Machine tool construction in Hanover , Hanover 2005, ISBN 3-936888-54-X
- Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Müller, (6) Max , in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 452
- Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Brinker Eisenwerk , in: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 84
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Klaus Mlynek , Waldemar Röhrbein: Hanover Chronicle: From the beginnings to the present. Numbers. Data. Facts . Schlütersche Verlagsanstalt und Druckerei , Hanover 1991, p. 138.
- ↑ Stefan Bergmann: Brazil's Green Shirts - Reach for Power. Integralism: a far right movement in the 1930s . Institute for Brazilian Studies / Brazilian Studies Publishing House, Mettingen 1996.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from June 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 52 ° 25 ′ 7.7 " N , 9 ° 42 ′ 48.4" E