Szeletia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Szeletia
Age : Middle / Upper Paleolithic
Absolutely : approx. 43,000 to 35,000 years BC Chr.

expansion
Eastern Central Europe
Leitforms

Blade tips, hand ax blades, wedge knives

As Szeletian is archaeological culture of spätmittelpaläolithischen blade tips groups in Central Eastern Europe refers to a distribution area in Hungary and South Moravia . By radiometric dating , it is in the time between 43,000 - 35,000 v. BC, which overlaps with the early Upper Palaeolithic ( Aurignacia ). Around the same time with the Szeletian in was Moravia the Bohunicien widespread in parts of France , the Châtelperronian , in Italy the Uluzzien . Tool production is associated with the Neanderthals due to the reconstruction of the early European settlement history .

etymology

The name Szeletien (also Szélétien) is derived from its eponymous site , the Szeleta Cave in the Hungarian Bükk Mountains.

Distribution area

Leaf-tip complexes in eastern Central Europe are called szeletia. In a narrower sense, this applies to Hungary , Moravia (for example Vedrovice V ), Poland with the region of Upper Silesia and Lower Austria . Some archaeologists also use the term for finds in Lower Bavaria .

stratigraphy

The sceletia can be divided as follows (from young to old):

  • Outgoing sceletia
  • Younger Szeletien
  • Older Szeletien

Older Szeletien

This cultural stage was found in the Szeleta Cave (position 3) and in other caves in the Bükk Mountains such as Balla , Diósgyőr and Puskaporos . It can also be found in Moravia ( Jezerany I and Jezerany II and Vedrovice V) and in Poland ( Dzierzyslav ). Mainly glassy rhyolite from the Bükk Mountains was processed. The main focus in the tool manufacture were tees and blades, with tees dominating by a factor of three. The retouching was done by means of mutually rectified edge processing. The artifacts are typical of the Middle Paleolithic, but still show influences from the Upper Paleolithic. Their manufacturing technique comes from the Moustérien , but the Levallois technique was only used sparingly. Correspondingly, irregular cores in prism or disc shape were only rarely prepared. Among the Middle Paleolithic tools there are leaf tips (numerous), Moustéri tips (rare), scrapers and retouched flakes. Also hand ax blades and wedge knives are present. Elongated, occasionally retouched cuts show the tendency towards laminarization in tool manufacture. The tools influenced by the Upper Paleolithic are dominated by scratches and the occasional burin .

The origins of the Elder Szeletia must be sought either in Micoquia (so-called Prodnik knives indicate this ) or in so-called Babonyia - a Middle Paleolithic industry characterized by wedge knives and scrapers. Recent research supports the second hypothesis. Due to the shape of the keel ( French: carénés ) there are also echoes of the Aurignacien of Bárca and Kechnec . This is also indicated by bone tips with split shafts found in Szeleta.

Younger Szeletien

The younger Szeletia occurs in Hungary (Bükk Mountains) and in Moravia (with the localities Neslovice , Orechov 1 and Orechov 2, Želešice and Ondratice 3 , Ondratice 4 and Ondratice 5). Compared to the Elder Szeletien, it is characterized by a further increase in Upper Paleolithic forms (percentage increase in scratches, burins and retouched blades in the tool spectrum) and the tendency towards laminarization continues. The tools are also of much better quality. The leaf tips are now symmetrical and diamond-shaped in cross-section. Gravette tips and microgravettes are also appearing for the first time .

Outgoing sceletia

The cultural stage of the outgoing Szeletia was introduced by Ringer in 1990. You will be artifacts of rock shelters represented by Puskaporos, mainly leaf tips that already the blade tips of their production Solutréens similar.

Dating

The oldest level of the Szeleta Cave has a radiocarbon age of 41,700 years BP ; when calibrated (with CalPal) this corresponds to 43,203 years BC. The origins of the Elder Szeletiens are therefore in Würm II. Vedrovice V has an age of 39,500 (41,545 BC) and Dzierzyslav 39,000 radiocarbon years (41,306 BC). The older Szeletien thus experienced its full development in the Hengelo Interstadial and then survived into the W II / III-2 Interstadial . The transition from the older to the younger Szeletien was in the upper layers of the Szeleta Cave with 32,580 ± 420 radiocarbon years or 35,153 ± 802 years BC. Dated. The Younger Szeletien thus falls into Huneborg II ( Les Cottés-Interstadial ), but may still extend into Denekamp II ( Arcy-Interstadial ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mester, Z .: La transition vers le Paléolithique supérieur des industries moustériennes de la montagne de Bükk (Hongrie) . In: Actes du Colloque International de Nemours, 1988: Paléolithique moyen récent et Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Europe. Ruptures et transitions: examen critique des documents archéologiques, Mémoires du Musée de Préhistoire d'Ile de France, 3 . Ed. APRAIF, Nemours 1990, pp. 111-113 .
  2. ↑ a b Valoch, K .: La Moravie il ya 10,000 ans . In: Actes du Colloque International de Nemours, 1988: Paléolithique moyen récent et Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Europe. Ruptures et transitions: examen critique des documents archéologiques, Mémoires du Musée de Préhistoire d'Ile de France, 3 . Ed. APRAIF, Nemours 1990, pp. 115-124, 4th f.ig .
  3. ^ Koslowski, J. K: Aurignacien-Périgordien en Europe centrale et orientale . Ed .: JP Mohen: Le temps de la préhistoire, tome II, Société Préhistorique Française. Ed. Archéologia, 1989, p. 258-259, 1 tab .
  4. ↑ a b c Koslowski, JK and Koslowski, SK: Le paléolithique en Pologne . In: Jérome Millon (ed.): Coll. L'Homme des Origines, Series "Préhistoire d'Europe" . 1996, p. 240 p., 23 f.ig., 73 planches .
  5. ↑ a b Desbrosse, R. and Koslowski, J .: Hommes et Climats à l'âge du Mammouth, le Paléolithique supérieur d'Eurasie centrale . In: Coll. Prehistoire . Masson, Paris 1988, p. 144 p., 41 f.ig .
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Weißmüller: Three sites with leaf shapes from the south-east Bavarian Danube region. A contribution to the knowledge of the western expansion of the Szeletien. Quaternary, Volume 45/46, 1995, pp. 99-134 doi: 10.7485 / QU45 05
  7. ↑ Bosinski, G .: The Middle Paleolithic Finds in Western Central Europe . In: Fundamenta A / 4 . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Graz 1967, p. 206 .
  8. ↑ Allsworth-Jones, P .: Les Industries à pointes foliacées d'Europe centrale. Questions de finitions et relations avec les autres techno-complexes . In: Ed. APRAIF (ed.): Actes du Colloque International de Nemours, 1988: Paléolithique moyen récent et Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Europe. Ruptures et transitions: examen critique des documents archéologiques, Mémoires du Musée de Préhistoire d'Ile de France, 3 . Nemours 1990, p. 79-95, 9 f.ig., 3 tab .
  9. ↑ a b Ringer, A .: Le Szélétien dans le Bükk en Hongrie (Chronologie, origine et transition vers le Paléolithique supérieur) . In: Ed. APRAIF (ed.): Actes du Colloque International de Nemours, 1988: Paléolithique moyen récent et Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Europe. Ruptures et transitions: examen critique des documents archéologiques, Mémoires du Musée de Préhistoire d'Ile de France, 3 . Nemours 1990, p. 107-109, 1 f.ig .
  10. ↑ Gabori, M .: Aperçus sur l'origine des civilizations you paleolithique supérieur de Hongrie . In: Ed. APRAIF (ed.): Actes du Colloque International de Nemours, 1988: Paléolithique moyen récent et Paléolithique supérieur ancien en Europe. Ruptures et transitions: examen critique des documents archéologiques, Mémoires du Musée de Préhistoire d'Ile de France, 3 . Nemours 1990, p. 103-106 .
  11. ↑ Bánesz, L .: Barca in Kosice. Paleolithic site . Ed .: Akadémie Vied. Bratislava 1968, p. 228 .
  12. ↑ Ringer, A. et al .: Le complexe Babonyien-Szeletien en Hongrie du nord-est dans son cadre chronologique et environmental . In: Paléo. Supplement, supplement 1995 . 1995, p. 27–30 , doi : 10.3406 / pal . 1995.1376 .
  13. ↑ Geyh, MA include: A magyarországi würmi eljegesedés új kronológiai adatai . In: Földrajzi Értesítő . tape 18, 1 , 1969, p. 5-18 .