Henning Christian Marggraf

Henning Christian Marggraf (born March 23 (?) 1680 in Groß-Ballerstedt in the Altmark ; † May 30, 1754 in Berlin ) was a pharmacist and assessor at the Ober-Collegium medicum in Berlin.

Parentage and family

His father was Andreas Marggraf, who was a pastor in Neuhausen . Unfortunately, he had not kept a church register, so that the date of birth cannot be determined properly. His son Henning Christian Marggraf is said to have been born on March 23, 1680. On February 19, 1709, as it says in the church book of St. Nikolaikirche in Berlin, the "council pharmacist" Henning Christian Marggraf married the virgin Anna (Martha) waitress, Mr. Andreas Kellners, bailiff in Badingen, the womb daughter from Himmelpfort came from. She was the daughter of v. Trottschen bailiff Andreas Kellner from the rule Badingen and Himmelpfort in the Uckermark (today a district of Zehdenick in the Brandenburg district of Oberhavel ) and Agnes Densow.

During the marriage they had numerous children, with at least eight daughters. But only three daughters and his son Andreas Sigismund Marggraf reached adulthood.

• His daughter Eva Gertrud (* 1710) married the Magdeburg businessman Julius Tilebein, the brother of the businessman Christian Tilebein from Berlin, who had married the daughter of Paschasius Marggraf , Christiane Dorothea Marggraf, in 1722. Paschasius Marggraf was the father of Henning Christian Marggraf.
• The daughter Charlotte Louise (1716–1791) married the surgeon of the Guard in Potsdam Jonas Stäbchen († 1745). Their children married pharmacists from the Rose and Blell families, whose descendants were also pharmacists in large numbers.
• The youngest daughter Anna Amalia (1724–1796) became the wife of the wealthy businessman Joachim Friedrich Lehmann (1710–1776) in 1745. Their daughter Christina Sophia Lehmann married the pharmacist and chief medical officer Prof. Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743–1817), who was trained as a pharmacist by his uncle Andreas Sigismund Marggraf and was one of the most important pharmacists involved in the discovery of seven chemical elements.
• Andreas Sigismund Marggraf became an important chemist. He was not married and had no children.

His wife Agnes Densow died in 1752.

Life

Nothing is known about his school education. When and where he got into pharmacy is not known. He probably came to Berlin in 1697 at the age of 17. The details about him for the period up to 1720 are presented in different ways in the literature. On October 5, 1707, Henning Christian Marggraf acquired citizenship in Berlin for five talers. A few days later, on October 8th, he became a member of the materialists' guild of materials and spice dealers that was established in 1692. On October 22, 1707, Henning Christian Marggraf applied for the lease of the Berlin Ratsapotheke. The corresponding lease was signed on November 29th. Since then he has also worked as a pharmacist and a member of the pharmacists' guild. In 1707 he also acquired a house in the Nikolaiviertel, in which he then lived and in which the materialist business was probably initially operated. Presumably he received the means to acquire citizenship, to build or buy a house and the almost simultaneous start of the materialist and pharmacist business through marriage.

When the lease ended in 1717, Marggraf bought a house on Spandauer Strasse. After the pharmacist Johann Christoph Schrader (1683–1744), owner of the Molkenmarktapotheke since 1716, objected that the new pharmacy was too close to his pharmacy, Schrader bought the house he had just acquired from Henning Christian Marggraf, who was then in Probstgasse the neighboring house to the house already in his possession, the "Eck-Hauß in the Spandauer-Strasse on the Probst-Gasse". The neighboring house was owned by the merchant Christian Tilebein, the husband of Catharina Gertrud Tilebein, née. Marggraf (daughter of grandfather Paschasius Marggraf ) acquired in the subhastion (foreclosure sale) apparently on behalf of Marggraf, who then "ceded" the house to Marggraf. After that, the materials trading business was operated in Probstgasse and the pharmacy in the neighboring corner house. It was first called the white bear, then the black, later the golden bear and was often called the bear pharmacy for short. Due to a change in the street layout in the center of Berlin, the confluence of Probstgasse (or Probststraße) with Spandauer Straße no longer exists today.

On February 17, 1720, Henning Christian Marggraf received a royal pharmacy privilege instead of the magistrate privilege, whereby the privilege of the bankrupt pharmacy of Johann Joachim Tonbinder on Poststrasse, corner of Mühlendamm was transferred to him and the privilege of the council expired. However, as has often been reported, Henning Christian Marggraf was never court pharmacist. The royal pharmacy privilege was renewed in 1740. Marggraf was held in high regard. He was the successor of the pharmacist Caspar Neumann as assessor at the Ober-Collegium Medicum , a responsible and respected position. In addition to inspecting pharmacies, his duties also included examining first-class pharmacists and forensic examinations. He oversaw all pharmacies in the Prussian state.

The Bärenapotheke developed into the second largest private pharmacy in Berlin. It existed until the end of the Second World War.

From 1735 to autumn 1752, i.e. for 17 years, the son Andreas Sigismund ran the bear pharmacy as provisional. There he received his training as a pharmacist and chemist. Since cane sugar was a luxury that was only known to the upper class and was only sold in pharmacies, Marggraf was probably the only pharmacist in Berlin to trade cane sugar. Even while he was working in the bear pharmacy, his son was concerned with the development of sugar from local plants and discovered sugar in beetroot in 1747 .

After the death of his wife in 1752, he was no longer able to run the pharmacy due to illness. He lost the bear pharmacy through an intrigue of his brothers-in-law Joachim Friedrich Lehmann and Julius Tilebein and had to leave the house quickly. On January 27, 1753, the son-in-law Joachim Friedrich Lehmann took over the pharmacy and on April 13, 1753, while Maggraf was still alive, he sold the pharmacy for 7,000 thalers to the pharmacist Johann Christian Flemming with a profit of 1,000 thalers. The neighboring house remained in his possession. Later owners of the pharmacy were Martin Heinrich Klaproth , who was married to the above-mentioned Christiane Sophie Lehmann, and Johann Eduard Simon , who ran the pharmacy from 1822 under the name "Simons-Apotheke".

literature

• Alexander Kraft: Chemist in Berlin: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1709–1782). In: The Bear of Berlin. Yearbook of the Association for the History of Berlin, Volume 58, 2009, pp. 9–30
• Christoph Friedrich: Andreas Sigismund Marggraf, founder of the sugar industry . In: Pharmazeutische Zeitung online, issue 10/2009.
• Georg Edmund Damm: German pharmacist families , part XI: The families Marggraf and Blell . In: Deutsche Apothekerzeitung , Volume 82 (1937), No. 25, pp. 337–338. ( Digitized version )
• Georg Edmund Damm: Contribution to the history of the pharmacy in Osterburg in the Altmark . In: Deutsche Apothekerzeitung , Volume 81 (1936), No. 96, pp. 1284–1285. ( Digitized version )
• Georg Schwedt: From the Harz to Berlin. Martin Heinrich Klaproth: "A pharmacist as discoverer of seven chemical elements" . Norderstedt 2016 ( digital preview, p. 60 ff ).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Otto Altenburg : The Tilebeins and their circle. Szczecin bourgeois culture in the 18th and 19th centuries, primarily in the time of Goethe. Leon Saunier's bookstore, Stettin 1937, p. 12f ( digitized version ). The brothers Christian and Julius Tilebein are mentioned in the book. Christian is the father of the Szczecin merchant Gotthilf Friedrich Tilebein
2. ↑ ^{a b family} tree Peter Blell and Henning Christian Marggraf . In: Georg Edmund Damm: German pharmacist families, Part XI: The Marggraf and Blell families . In: Deutsche Apothekerzeitung , Volume 82 (1937), No. 25 ( digitized version ).
3. ↑ The tasks of the assessor are described in Neumann's résumé in the essay by Günter Bergmann: Lost and found - the oil painting of the Berlin pharmacist Caspar Neumann (1683–1737) , in: Wehrmedizinische Monatsschrift , issue 10/2010, and in the essay by Christoph Friedrich about Valentin Rose , in: Pharmazeutische Zeitung online , issue 32/2007.
4. ↑ The importance of the father for his son is evidenced by a comment in an encyclopedia article: Andreas Marggraf , accessed on July 28, 2016: His father was Henning Christian Marggraf, an apothecary to the Royal Court located in Berlin. The elder Marggraf was also an assistant at the medical school (Collegium Medico-Chirurgicum) and did some chemical research. Andreas Marggraf received a well-rounded training in chemistry that began with his father's various connections.
5. ^ Rolf Schlegel: Vincent van Gogh a geneticist? Curiosities from botany, breeding and inheritance , Vol. 2, Norderstedt 2013, without pagination ( look into the book ).
6. ↑ Klaus Roth: Chemical delicacies . Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2014, p. 93 ( digital preview ).
7. ↑ Alexander Kraft: Chemistry in Berlin. History, traces, personalities . Berlin-Story-Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86368-060-2 ( reading sample ).
8. ↑ Uta Motschmann: Handbook of Berlin Associations and Societies 1786-1815 . De Gruyter, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-05-006015-6 , p. 41, no. 16 ( look into the book ).

Web links

Literature by and about Henning Christian Marggraf in the catalog of the German National Library