Herbert Tannenbaum

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Herbert Tannenbaum (born March 7, 1892 in Mannheim ; † September 30, 1958 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German-American art gallery owner and film theorist.

Life

Herbert Tannenbaum was the son of the gut dealer Benni Tannenbaum (1860–1916) and his wife Emma, ​​née. Levi (1871-1922). He attended the Karl-Friedrich-Gymnasium in Mannheim and already showed great interest in music, art and theater. From 1910 he studied law in Heidelberg and Munich . He was very interested in film and therefore devoted his doctorate to the subject of copyright in film. During his studies, he wrote various smaller essays on the subjects of art, theater and film. In addition to his studies, Tannenbaum also worked as a volunteer at the Mannheim Kunsthalle and was involved in the "Free Association for the Naturalization of Fine Arts in Mannheim" founded in 1911.

In 1914 Tannenbaum moved to Berlin and took a job at the film company Projektions-AG-Union . He also studied art history at the Berlin University and directed a "detective burlesque" entitled "Cognac Five Star". In the First World War he was deployed on the Western Front in Champagne from March 1914. He was awarded both the Iron Cross 2nd Class and the Wound Badge in Black. Returned to Mannheim in November 1918, he was involved in the Mannheim workers 'and soldiers' council.

From August 1920 Tannenbaum ran the art dealership "Das Kunsthaus" in Mannheim, where he not only offered art books and magazines but also original works of art. From 1921 the shop was located in the corner house Friedrichsring / Freßgasse (Q7, 17a), the interior was done by the artist of the Wiener Werkstätte, Emanuel Josef Margold . The art dealer's customers also included the Mannheim art gallery, which in 1928 acquired Marc Chagall's painting "Rabbi", which was removed by the National Socialists in 1937 as part of the "Degenerate Art" exhibition. Maria Nobisch married in 1921.

After the so-called seizure of power by the National Socialists, Tannenbaum was harassed more and more, for example, on April 1, 1933, his art shop was boycotted. From April 4 to June 5, 1933, under the new National Socialist leadership, the art-political hate show "Culture Bolshevik Pictures" took place in the Kunsthalle Mannheim, in which the acquisitions of modern art under the museum director Gustav Hartlaub, who was dismissed in 1933, were attacked and ridiculed Tannenbaum attacked as a Jew and as a mediator of modern art. The day before, on April 3, 1933, the National Socialist newspaper "Hakenkreuzbanner" had written: "When walking through the show, German people become even more aware that it was Jews and Jewish art dealers (Flechtheim, Cassirer, Tannenbaum) who were following you talked to such achievements as unsuitable for the art gallery Dr. Hartlaub 'works', which represent afterkart and have to bring the aesthetics of a healthy person into armor. " In 1936, Tannenbaum sold his art dealership to the Dresden art dealer Rudolf Probst . He himself emigrated to the Netherlands in 1937, where he was able to build a new life as an art dealer. Tannenbaum was able to set up a small gallery at Leonardostraat 6 in Amsterdam, which was connected to his own apartment. In the Netherlands, Tannenbaum also had contact with emigrated German artists such as Heinrich Campendonk and Max Beckmann . Tannenberg's efforts to obtain entry permits into the Netherlands for his brother Otto and his cousin Paula Straus , a well-known Stuttgart goldsmith, failed. Both were murdered in the Auschwitz concentration camp . After the German occupation of the Netherlands in 1940, Tannenbaum was threatened with constant persecution; only his so-called "mixed marriage" by the National Socialists offered a certain protection. Tannenbaum was no longer allowed to carry out his business under the German occupation. During the last years of the war he never left his house and at times hid in a shed in the attic.

In 1947 Tannenbaum emigrated to the USA with his family. On this occasion, Max Beckmann created the painting "Tannenbaum is going to America", which has been in the Kunsthalle Mannheim since 2004. In 1949, Tannenbaum was able to open a new gallery and art dealership on 57th Street in New York . Tannenbaum suddenly died during a visit to Germany in September 1958. His widow Maria continued the gallery until 1968.

estate

A "Herbert Tannenbaum Collection", which contains photographs and documents from the estate, is in the Jewish Museum in Berlin.

Publications

  • Cinema and Theater , Munich: Steinebach 1912.
  • Cinema problems . In: Yearbook Mannheimer Kultur , vol. 1, 1913, pp. 138–143.
  • The war and the cinema . In: Bild & Film , Vol. 4, 1914, Issue 4, pp. 29–31. ( Digitized version of the library for educational history research of the DIPF).
  • Cinema, billboard and cinema poster . In: Bild & Film , Vol. 4, 1914, Issue 9, pp. 173–180 ( digitized version of the library for research on the history of education at the DIPF).
  • as editor: Jewish grave steles for the field , o. O. 1916.
  • The Baden region in the picture . In: German Art and Decoration , Vol. 44, 1919, pp. 93-101 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library).
  • The future of the Mannheim National Theater . In: Mannheimer Theater-Jahrbuch , vol. 1, 1919, pp. 129–130.
  • as editor: Hans Thomas graphic art , Dresden: Arnold 1920 ( Arnold's graphic books . Series 1, graphics; 2).
  • Good cigar packs . In: German Art and Decoration , vol. 46, 1920, pp. 75–82 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library).
  • Cinematographic copyright , o. O. [1923], dissertation University of Heidelberg 1920

literature

  • Helmut H. Diederichs: The film theorist Herbert Tannenbaum , Frankfurt a. M .: German Film Museum 1987.
  • Karl-Ludwig Hoffmann: For art! Herbert Tannenbaum and his art house. A gallery owner - his artists, his customers, his concept , Mannheim: Reiss-Musem 1994.
  • Rolf Lauter (Red.): Max Beckmann, Portrait Herbert Tannenbaum, 1947. Kunsthaller Mannheim , Berlin: Kulturstiftung der Länder 2005 ( Patrimonia ; 260).
  • Sarah Spurzem: Herbert Tannenbaum (1892–1959 [sic!]) - film theorist, art collector and art dealer . In: Wilhelm Kreuz, Volker von Offenberg (ed.): Jewish students of the United Grand Ducal Lyceum - Karl-Friedrich-Gymnasium Mannheim. Portraits from two decades , Mannheim 2014 ( series of publications by the Karl-Friedrich-Gymnasium Mannheim in cooperation with the Mannheim City Archives - Institute for City History 2), ISBN 978-3-95428-153-4 , pp. 187–196.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Images in: Walther Schürmeyer : Em. Jos. Margold . In: Wasmuths Monatshefte für Baukunst, Jg. 7, 1922/23, pp. 301–318 ( digitized version of the ZLB Berlin).
  2. ↑ see: Christoph surcharge: The exhibition "Kulturbolschewistische Bilder" in Mannheim 1933 - production and press reports. In: Eugen Blume; Dieter Scholz (ed.): Bridged: Aesthetic Modernism and National Socialism; Art historian and artist 1925–1937, Cologne 1999, pp. 224–236 ( online ).
  3. ↑ swastika banner, December 7, 1931, quoted in after Karl-Ludwig Hoffmann: For art! Herbert Tannenbaum and his art house. A gallery owner - his artists, his customers, his concept , Mannheim: Reiss-Musem 1994, p. 63.
  4. ^ Tannenbaum goes to New York (portrait of Herbert Tannenbaum; Tannenbaum is going to America) | Art gallery development. Retrieved January 6, 2019 .
  5. ^ Herbert Tannenbaum Collection - Jewish Museum Berlin. Retrieved January 6, 2019 . The Kunsthaus - Jewish Museum Berlin. Retrieved January 6, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Tannenbaum, Herbert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-American art gallery owner and film theorist
DATE OF BIRTH March 7, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Mannheim
DATE OF DEATH September 30, 1958
Place of death Frankfurt am Main