High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access

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Comparison of the maximum achievable bit rates with different mobile radio standards ( logarithmic representation )

High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA , 3.5G , 3G + or UMTS Broadband ) is a data transmission method of the UMTS mobile radio standard that was defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project . The process enables data transmission rates similar to DSL in the cellular network.

HSDPA is offered in Germany by network operators Vodafone , Telekom and O 2 and in Switzerland by Swisscom , Sunrise Communications and Salt Mobile . In Austria, the network operators A1 , Magenta Telekom and Drei operate HSDPA networks.

technology

The maximum data rate is limited by the so-called category of the recipient. 3.6 Mbit / s ( Category 6 ) and 7.2 Mbit / s ( Category 8 ) are typical . A maximum of 13.98 Mbit / s is possible for category 10 , but this is hardly achievable in practice because it would require a code rate R of almost 1 . Essential features of HSDPA are fast and flexible data load distribution as well as adaptation to the channel quality by means of "adaptive modulation and coding " (AMC).

The user data are transmitted at intervals ( Transmission Time Interval , TTI) of three UMTS time slots on the so-called HS-DSCH ( High Speed ​​Downlink Shared Channel ). A TTI is 2 ms long. Up to 15 channels can be assigned at the same time.

In return, a terminal sends information about the channel quality ( Channel Quality Indicator, CQI) every 2 ms . On the basis of the received CQI values ​​from various end devices and taking into account other data (buffer level, priorities, etc.), the UMTS base station (the Node B ) decides which end devices are to be served in parallel with how many channels. Furthermore, the CQI information is used to select the channel coding, the modulation method and the Node-B output power.

HSDPA modems are offered as USB sticks and data cards that support the HSDPA standard with 3.6 or 7.2 Mbit / s. The latest products also support HSUPA for faster uploads with currently up to 5.76 Mbit / s. HSDPA is built into many current cell phones. These can be used as HSDPA modems.

In contrast to other UMTS data transmission methods, there is no soft handover with HSDPA . Each end device receives the HSDPA channels from only one base station at any one time. A change of cells is carried out using the HSDPA serving cell change procedure, which is equivalent to a handover with a brief interruption.

Due to the lower round-trip times compared to UMTS with HSDPA (ideally combined with HSUPA), many interactive applications have become possible with HSDPA.

HSDPA terminal categories

A HSDPA modem with a USB connection

The following table is derived from Table 5.1a from 3GPP TS 25.306 Release 11 and shows the maximum data rates of the physical layer of various HSDPA categories.

category Max. Number of
HS-DSCH codes
Modulation method MIMO, dual cell Max. Data rate
in Mbit / s
1 5 QPSK , 16- QAM 1.2
2 5 QPSK, 16-QAM 1.2
3 5 QPSK, 16-QAM 1.8
4th 5 QPSK, 16-QAM 1.8
5 5 QPSK, 16-QAM 3.6
6th 5 QPSK, 16-QAM 3.6
7th 10 QPSK, 16-QAM 7.2
8th 10 QPSK, 16-QAM 7.2
9 15th QPSK, 16-QAM 10.1
10 15th QPSK, 16-QAM 14.0
11 5 only QPSK 0.9
12 5 only QPSK 1.8
13 15th QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM 17.6
14th 15th QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM 21.1
15th 15th QPSK, 16-QAM MIMO 23.4
16 15th QPSK, 16-QAM MIMO 28.0
19th 15th QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM MIMO 35.3
20th 15th QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM MIMO 42.2
21st 15th QPSK, 16-QAM Dual cell 23.4
22nd 15th QPSK, 16-QAM Dual cell 28.0
23 15th QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM Dual cell 35.3
24 15th QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM Dual cell 42.2
25th 15th 16-QAM MIMO + dual cell 46.7
26th 15th 16-QAM MIMO + dual cell 55.9
27 15th 64-QAM MIMO + dual cell 70.6
28 15th 64-QAM MIMO + dual cell 84.4
29 15th 64-QAM Triple cell 63.3
30th 15th 64-QAM Triple-Cell + MIMO 126.6
31 15th 64-QAM Quad Cell 84.4
32 15th 64-QAM Quad-Cell + MIMO 168.8
33 15th 64-QAM Hexa-Cell 126.6
34 15th 64-QAM Hexa-Cell + MIMO 253.2
35 15th 64-QAM Octa-Cell 168.8
36 15th 64-QAM Octa-Cell + MIMO 337.5

distribution

Since the end of 2008 there has been intensified competition due to the market entry of resellers who undercut the price for pure data tariffs by up to 50 percent compared to the previous year. It should be noted, however, that the competitors advertise with HSDPA or other broadband technologies, but technically limit the bandwidth.

In December 2007 there were a total of 150 HSDPA networks in 72 countries worldwide. The European Union accounted for 34 of these networks.

Germany

  • The Telekom Germany has equipped the entire UMTS network with 42.2 Mbit / s HSDPA its own account. In February 2007, over 60 percent of the population was covered.
  • The Vodafone network covers 82 percent of the population and provides at least HSPA + with speeds of 21.6 Mbit / s, while 54 percent of the network is designed with HSPA + speeds of 42.2 Mbit / s.
  • The HSDPA expansion at O₂ started at the end of 2007 and has been completed since the end of 2009. In the meantime, theoretical speeds of at least up to 7.2 Mbit / s are available at all UMTS locations. In addition, there is now HSPA + with up to 14.4 Mbit / s at many locations. In July 2013, O₂ began implementing DC-HSPA + with data transmission rates of up to 42.2 Mbit / s.
  • E-Plus has upgraded 97 percent of its UMTS network to 21.6 Mbit / s HSPA + and supplies 80 percent of the population. Since mid-2013, the maximum speed with DC-HSPA + has also been increased to 50 Mbit / s.

Austria

  • T-Mobile Austria had already equipped the entire UMTS network with HSDPA in March 2006 and thus reached over 75 percent of the population in December 2007.
  • In mid-2008, Hutchison Drei Austria had a population coverage with HSDPA of over 94 percent and since the end of October 2009 a real flat rate.
  • Mobilkom Austria (today A1 Telekom Austria ) planned to cover 85 percent of the population with HSDPA and HSUPA by the end of 2007.
  • In addition to UMTS and EDGE, bob has also been offering HSDPA since August 2009 .
  • Orange Austria covered around 70 percent of the Austrian population with HSDPA. In 2013 Orange (formerly: ONE) was 100% taken over by 3.

Switzerland

  • Salt Mobile operates the entire UMTS network (92 percent coverage) with HSDPA (7.2 Mbit / s; 42 Mbit / s at selected locations).
  • Sunrise Communications operates the entire UMTS network (80 percent coverage) with HSDPA or HSPA + (42 Mbit / s).
  • Swisscom operates the entire UMTS network (98 percent coverage) with HSDPA or HSPA + (42 Mbit / s).

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. 3GPP TS 25.306 v11.0.0
  2. ^ HSPA - Networks ( Memento of December 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) , GSM Association
  3. Domestic radio coverage , Deutsche Telekom, December 27, 2011.
  4. Radio coverage , Vodafone Germany
  5. We are making our network even faster and more reliable for you , Vodafone Germany blog, November 2, 2012.
  6. Network coverage , o2 Germany, May 8, 2009.
  7. DC-HSPA + at o2 , July 30, 2013
  8. Full speed: E-Plus continues to be on the offensive in network expansion ( Memento from August 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Eplus-Gruppe.de, January 13, 2013.
  9. T-Mobile - T-Mobile Austria is now bringing HSDPA throughout Austria ( Memento from December 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) , T-Mobile Austria press release, March 2, 2006
  10. ^ Network merger of T-Mobile Austria and tele.ring completed , heise.de , December 19, 2007
  11. 3 at the Futura 2007 ( Memento from January 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) , three press release, August 7, 2007
  12. Start of the year of network innovations - mobilkom austria gives the go-ahead for HSDPA 7.2 and HSUPA , A1 press release, January 30, 2007
  13. Tariff: bob broadband , bob website
  14. Numbers and facts , Orange Austria website, January 7, 2009
  15. 3 has now officially taken over by Orange ( memento of October 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) , Kleine Zeitung, January 3, 2013
  16. HD Voice introduced across the board (PDF file; 63 kB) , press release, October 14, 2011
  17. HSPA & UMTS , Orange website, January 8, 2012
  18. Coverage of the mobile network , Sunrise website, September 30, 2012
  19. Mobile broadband network: HD Voice, LTE, UTMS, 4G , Swisscom website, March 22, 2014
  20. Network coverage , Swisscom website, March 22, 2014