Cutting edge technology
Cutting- edge technology (also high technology or high-tech [ ˌhaɪ̯ˈtɛk ]) is a technology that is offered by a company in a certain market segment earlier than by competitors as a product innovation , financial innovation or innovation of other services at the market maturity stage .
General
The word cutting-edge technology is a loan translation ( English high technology, high-tech ). It is therefore used synonymously with the Anglicism "high-tech". The top technology stands in contrast to the basic technology ( English low-tech ); Adapted technologies are sometimes the areas in between, but in the real sense it means "adapting" knowledge .
With regard to the product life cycle and the market potential , three types of technology can be distinguished, namely pacemaker technologies , basic technologies and key technologies . Pacemaker technologies are problem solutions and are still in the early stages of product development . Basic technologies are in the maturity phase of their life cycle, key technologies are subject to a phase of market growth .
“Killer technologies” are technologies that, when they are ready for the market, replace the existing technologies and key technologies as substitutes . Cutting-edge technologies can be new developments or existing technologies that are used in new areas of application.
species
The cutting-edge technology is particularly represented in the following branches of industry:
- Automotive industry : exhaust gas cleaning , drive technology , autonomous land vehicle ;
- Biotechnology : Green Biotechnology, Industrial Biotechnology, Red Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology ;
- Computer technology : software , hardware ;
- Digitization : digitization in healthcare ;
- Energy technology : thermodynamics , heat technology ;
- Augmented Reality : Applications ;
- Fusion research : nuclear fusion ;
- Semiconductor technology : for all semiconductor materials ;
- Information and communication technology : areas of application ;
- Artificial Intelligence : Areas of Application ;
- Aerospace technology : rocket technology , satellite technology ;
- Material technology : areas of application ;
- Medical technology : areas of application ;
- Nanotechnology : areas of application ;
- Pharmacy : areas of application ;
- Photonics : areas of application ;
- Robotics : areas of application ;
- Environmental technology .
For the purposes of official statistics , Eurostat has defined cutting-edge technology in terms of the related economic sectors.
economic aspects
The high technology sector uses the latest technologies and is seen as conducive to business growth and economic growth . Their use can sometimes lead to very high investments , which, however, led to an overvaluation of individual technology companies on the financial markets in the 1990s and later to a crisis in the wake of the dot-com bubble . New start-up companies in the high-tech sector often require high risk capital , which can lead to high profits or losses for investors , depending on the success of the business model and the market capitalization on the stock exchanges . The capital requirements of the New Economy gave rise to the Neuer Markt in 1997 , which was closed as a stock exchange segment in June 2003 after numerous bankruptcies .
The development of innovations in the field of cutting-edge technology places new demands on innovation management . The young companies in this branch typically have only limited resources, such as B. liquid funds , are under time and success pressure and are equipped with very specialized know-how . Therefore, lead user approaches and open innovation methods are becoming more and more important, especially in this area, to ensure success in innovation.
In the case of cutting-edge technologies, research and development costs amount to at least 8.5% of sales revenue , and in the case of high-quality technologies, 3.5% to 8.5%. Due to these high development costs , the primary task is to identify promising trends and bring products to market quickly. Anyone who uses cutting-edge technology commercially is a technology leader .
literature
- Literature on cutting-edge technology in the catalog of the German National Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jörn Albrecht / Johannes Gutenberg University, Department of Applied Linguistics (Ed.), Translation and Intercultural Communication , 1987, p. 232
- ↑ Tom Sommerlatte / Jean-Philippe Deschamps, The strategic use of technologies , in: Arthur D. Little International (ed.), Management in the Age of Strategic Leadership, 1986, p. 50 f.
- ↑ Martin K. Welge, planning: processes - strategies - measures , 1992, p. 270
- ↑ Jörg Horstmann, operationalization of corporate flexibility , 2007, p. 147 FN 484
- ↑ Oliver Everling, Rating - Chance for SMEs according to Basel II , 2001, p. 467 f.
- ↑ Eurostat, Regions - Statistical Yearbook 2005
- ↑ Alexander Sänn, class instead of mass , in: Innovationsmanager , Vol. 16, 2011, pp. 66–67
- ↑ Vinit Parida / Mats Westerberg / Johan Frishammar: Inbound Open Innovation Activities in High-Tech SMEs: The Impact on Innovation Performance , in: Journal of Small Business Management , 50 (2), 2012, pp. 283–309
- ↑ Federal Ministry for Research and Technology, BMFT-Journal , 1990, p. 5