Hodgsonia macrocarpa
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Hodgsonia macrocarpa |
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Hodgsonia macrocarpa is a species of the cucurbit family (Cucurbitaceae) from central to northern Southeast Asia .
description
Hodgsonia macrocarpa grows as an evergreen and woody, drought-resistant, fast-growing climber . The slender and mostly bare stem axes can be up to 30 meters long, the tendrils are two to three parts .
The simple and stalked leaves are usually divided in the shape of a hand with usually 3 to 5 lobes. The lobes are mostly with entire margins, pointed to pointed, more rarely rounded to indented. The leathery blades are broadly ovate to almost rounded and up to about 20-30 centimeters in size. More rarely, the spreads are smaller and only bilobed, elliptical or undivided, eilanzettlich. The blades are usually bare and somewhat waxy. The slender petiole is up to about 8 inches long. The base of the spade is more or less heart-shaped to arrow-shaped or truncated. There are small, thorn-shaped "Probrakteen" available. Various extra-floral and floral nectaries are available, e.g. B. on the underside of the leaves, outside on / at the calyx and on the fruits and in the armpits of side shoots.
Hodgsonia macrocarpa is dioecious diocesan . The flowers appear axillary. The male, short-stalked flowers, each with a small, fairly persistent bract , are in rust-colored, fine-haired and long-stemmed, stiff racemes , the long-stemmed female flowers usually appear individually. The large and fragrant, five-fold flowers with a double flower envelope are whitish to yellowish. The very long, slightly trumpet-shaped, green-reddish, more or less glandular flower cup is tubular and elongated and slightly widened at the top. He is shorter in the female flowers, and the ovary velvety, hairy rusty. The sepals are only very small tips. The long, velvety, free, inverted-wedge-shaped, spreading petals with reddish veins on the outside have long, fringed and drooping appendages. The 3 (5 and 4 are fused in pairs), short, free and mostly enclosed stamens , at the top in the widened part of the long tube, are fused to the anthers. The large, spherical and multi-chambered ovary is below with a long, narrowly protruding and slender stylus with a large, three-lobed and inverted-conical stigma . A long-lobed disc is present in the male flowers , but absent in the female. The flowers open at night.
Up to 13-23 centimeters large, heavy, greyish-green, pumpkin-shaped and thin, hard-skinned, weakly ribbed, multi-seeded and fine-haired, sometimes somewhat warty, firmly fleshy stone fruits (only in the pumpkin family) are formed. There are usually 6 about 5.5–8.5 cm long stone cores (pyrene, nuts) with a woody-bony shell. The mostly one to three-seeded, large and flattened, roughly elliptical, straight, brown stone cores on one side are partly more or less wrinkled to furrowed and slit on one side. The flat, corky and whitish seeds are minimally winged all around and with a seed coat divided into a thin, brittle testa and a tegmen . They contain large, flat cotyledons , but no endosperm .
use
The seeds are used roasted or cooked. The high-fat seeds have a pleasant taste. A buttery edible fat (cadam fat, oil) is obtained from them , which tastes like bacon.
The leaves are used medicinally.
literature
- K. Kubitzki : The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. X: Flowering Plants Eudicots , Springer, 2011, ISBN 978-3-642-14396-0 , p. 143.
- David M. Bates, Richard W. Robinson, Charles Jeffrey: Biology and Utilization of the Cucurbitaceae. Cornell Univ. Press, 1990, ISBN 0-8014-1670-1 , p. 322 f.
- Jennifer Schreitera, Gerhard Langenbergerb, Joachim Hellera, Josef Margrafc: Hodgsonia heteroclita (Roxb.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Cucurbitaceae) - a neglected oil plant in Southwest China. 2007, (PDF) .
- Shiu-Ying Hu: The Economic Botany of Hodgsonia. In: Economic Botany. Vol. 18, No. 2, 1964, pp. 167-179, JSTOR 4252498 .
- WJJO de Wilde, BEE Duyfjes: Taxonomy of Hodgsonia (Cucurbitaceae), with a note of the ovules and seeds. In: Blumea. 46, 2001, pp. 169–179, (PDF) at Naturalis Institutional Repository.
Web links
- Hodgsonia macrocarpa at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Hodgsonia macrocarpa on gardenbreizh.org.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Emil Abderhalden : Biochemisches Handlexikon. III. Volume, Springer, 1911, p. 137.