Hotel Lux

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coordinates: 55 ° 45 ′ 47.4 "  N , 37 ° 36 ′ 31.4"  E

The former Hotel Lux (e) in Moscow (2013).

The Hotel Lux was a hotel in Moscow that initially housed leading communist emigrants in the early years of the Soviet Union . The predominantly German exiles who lived there in the 1930s were well looked after by Moscow standards, but during the Great Terror between 1936 and 1938 many were arrested, interrogated and tortured by the NKVD . In October 1941, when German troops were only a few kilometers from Moscow, the residents of the Lux were evacuated to Ufa ; they returned in February 1942. Towards the end of the Second World War, the hotel briefly housed the Ulbricht group , who were flown from here to Germany on April 30, 1945.

history

The hotel was built in 1911 as Hotel Franzija (Hotel France) by the son of the baker Ivan Filippov in Tverskaya 36 as a four-storey building. The hotel also housed the Filippowsche Café.

After the victory of the October Revolution , the hotel was renamed "Люкс (ъ)", which corresponds to the common French hotel name "(de) luxe", but not the Latin word "lux". According to Russian sources, it was named after Adam Lux, who was executed in Paris . From 1921 the guest house of the Communist International was housed there. In 1933 the house was extended by two floors. At that time the hotel had 300 rooms and could accommodate around 600 people. The address was now uliza Gorkowo (Gorkistraße) 10.

The mostly German exiles living there in the 1930s were very well looked after by Moscow standards, although residents reported plagues of rats. Many residents of the Hotel Lux were arrested, interrogated and tortured by the NKVD during the Great Terror between 1936 and 1938 . After the conviction based on i. d. As a rule, arbitrary charges, the people were deported to prison camps (cf. Gulag ) or executed. In October 1941 , when German troops were only a few kilometers from Moscow , the residents of the Lux were evacuated to Ufa . In February 1942, however, the residents returned.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the hotel briefly housed the Ulbricht group , who were flown from here to Germany on April 30, 1945.

The last "political" left the hotel in 1954. Then it became a normal hotel again as "Hotel Zentralnaja".

The building has been refurbished for years. After Tverskaya was renamed, the address is now Tverskaya Street (Russian Тверская улица) 10.

Personalities (selection)

Among those accommodated in the hotel, some of whom were staying for a long time, were u. a. the following personalities:

Other residents were u. a .: Johannes R. Becher , Bolesław Bierut , Willi Bredel , Georgi Dimitrow , Fritz Erpenbeck , Klement Gottwald , Antonio Gramsci , Aino and Otto Kuusinen , Elisabeth Markstein , Imre Nagy , Wilhelm Pieck , Theodor Plivier , Ernst Reuter , Rudolf Slánský , Richard Sorge , Josip Broz Tito , Palmiro Togliatti , Erich Weinert , Clara Zetkin .

literature

  • Doris Danzer (2012): Between Trust and Treason: German-Speaking Communist Intellectuals and Their Social Relationships (1918-1960) . V&R Unipress, ISBN 978-3899719390 .
  • Bert Hoppe : Room Service for the Revolution. A visit to the Moscow Hotel Lux, which will soon be refurbished. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. October 26, 2007.
  • Ruth von Mayenburg: Hotel Lux - the human trap. Elisabeth Sandmann Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-938045-60-2 .
  • Waltraut Schälike : I didn't want to be German. Berlin-Wedding - Hotel Lux.Dietz Verlag, 2006.
  • Reinhard Müller : Herbert Wehner - Moscow 1937. Hamburg Edition , 2004, ISBN 3-930908-82-4 .
  • Reinhard Müller: Moscow human trap. Exile and Stalinist Persecution . Hamburger Edition, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-930908-71-9 . (Book review online)
  • Arkadi Vaksberg: Hôtel Lux. Les Partis frères au service de l'Internationale communiste. (Translated from Russian?) Fayard, 1993, ISBN 2-213-03151-7 .
  • Herbert Wehner : Certificate - Personal Notes 1929–1942 . Bastei-Lübbe, 1982, ISBN 3-404-65064-6 .
  • Ruth von Mayenburg: Hotel Lux. With Dimitroff, Ernst Fischer , Ho Tschi Minh , Pieck, Rakosi , Slansky, Dr. Sorge, Tito, Togliatti, Tschou En-lai , Ulbricht and Wehner in the Moscow quarter of the Communist International . Bertelsmann Verlag, Munich, 1978.
  • Ruth von Mayenburg: Hotel Lux. The shelter of the world revolution. 1979, ISBN 3-492-11355-9 .

Movie

Web links