Howick (New Zealand)
| Howick | ||
| District of | Manukau City | |
| Geographical location | ||
|
||
| Coordinates | 36 ° 58 ′ S , 174 ° 48 ′ E | |
| Region ISO | NZ-AUK | |
| country | New Zealand | |
| region | Auckland | |
| District | Auckland Council | |
| Ward | Howick Ward | |
| Residents | 14th 085 (2013) | |
| height | 60 m | |
| Post Code | 2014 | |
| Telephone code | +64 0 (9) | |
| Photography of the district | ||
 Picton Street , Howick's main street |
||
| Remarks | ||
| Manukau City operated independently until October 2010 and then in the 1 November 2010 Auckland Council risen | ||
Howick is a district of the former independent city of Manukau City on the North Island of New Zealand . Because of the relatively large number of listed buildings Howick has been called "the place with perhaps the greatest historical awareness in New Zealand".
geography
The district is located around 15 km southeast of downtown Auckland on the Tamaki River . East of Tamaki borders south of the district . Administratively, the district has belonged to the Howick Ward of the Auckland Council since November 1, 2010 .
There are different views of Howick as a district. If one considers the historical part of Howick , which developed from 1847, one summarizes the boroughs Howick West , Howick Central and Howick South and comes to a population of 14,085 inhabitants, determined by the census of the year 2013. However, if one considers the Howick Subdivision , The districts of Bleakhouse, Mellons Bay, Cockle Bay, Shelly Beach, Murvale, Meadowland, Highland Park and partly the districts of Mulhouse and Gotland are added. The number of inhabitants in 2013 for the subdivision, excluding the two last-mentioned districts, was 38,595. The Howick Ward , which also includes the Pukuranga Subdivision and the Botany Subdivision , had a total of 127,125 inhabitants in 2013.
history
Settlement by the Māori
The native Iwi ( Māori tribe) were the Ngai Tai (also known as Ngati Tai ) of the Tainui lineage. They lived there for around 300 years in Pā (fortified villages) in Ohuia Rangi (Pigeon Mountain) , Te Waiarohia (Musick Point) and Tuwakamana (Cockle Bay) .
Fencible settlement
In 1836, William Thomas Fairburn and his family founded a mission station in Maraetai through the Church Missionary Society (CMS). After attacks by the Ngāpuhi and Waikato tribes, he bought 40,000 acres (162 km²) of land between the Tamaki River and Wairoa River because he was pressured by the nine Māori tribal leaders to buy it. They hoped the sale of the disputed land would avoid further attacks. William Fairburn bought the land reluctantly and in the name of the so-called "Christian peacekeeping". The Howick , Pakuranga, and Whitford areas were part of this large piece of land known as the Fairburn Claim.
In 1840, after the Waitangi Treaty , any land sale had to be reviewed by the government. 36,000 acres (146 km²) of this land were then taken over by the government. They used the land for the fencible settlements in Howick and Otahuhu and sold most of the rest of the land to settlers.
" Fencible " is derived from the word " defensible " and means defensible. The Fencibles were retired soldiers who were given land and small houses with the understanding that they would defend the colony in wartime. The suburb was therefore founded in 1847 as a fencible settlement. The Howick settlement consisted of about 250 Fencibles , about half of which were Catholic and the other half Protestant. The Secretary for the Colonies in the British Parliament was Henry George Gray, the 3rd Earl Gray as Viscount Howick . He was in charge of the Royal New Zealand Fencible Corps immigration program, which is why Howick is named after him.
The Māori saw the benefits of working with and trading with the Fencibles . In 1825, the daughter of their chief leader married a European whaler, Thomas Maxwell . That is why the Ngatai accepted European customs. When the Europeans arrived in Howick, they discovered that no houses were available for them and their families, contrary to promises made by the government. Instead, they had to build huts out of rush and live there until their houses could be built by the Royal Engineers and Māori workers. Most of the local Māoris had learned to read and write from the Fairburn missionaries in Maraetai , whereas not a few of the Fencibles were illiterate. The Fencibles and their families were poor and apart from a small number of officers they had no capital either. However, due to many years of military service and the economic conditions in England at the time, they were used to harsh conditions.
The connection with Auckland and the Fencibles have greatly influenced the development of Howick and they are evident in many street names that are reminiscent of battles or war heroes.
Growth and incorporation as a suburb
In the beginning Howick was a community of farmers and the village developed as a service center to support this community. Howick's center was later moved to Picton Street , where it remains to this day. Howick also later became a popular retirement, honeymoon, and seaside vacation spot.
Howick set up a Road Works Administration in 1865 to fund the construction and maintenance of roads. In 1922 it became an independent neighborhood and in 1952 it became a city district. As a municipality, Howick had self-government with elections for mayor and council.
In 1947, on the centenary, Howick had a population of just 1,500. But Howick saw rapid growth from the late 1940s to the 1970s . An added factor in the growth was the construction of a paved road from Howick to Panmure , which enabled rapid transport of people and goods to and from Auckland . Up until the 1980s there was arable land on all sides of Howick , but the growth of Auckland meant large parts of this area fell victim to urban sprawl.
In 1990 Howick was incorporated as an electoral district in the former city of Manukau City . Manukau City has been part of the Auckland Council since November 1st, 2010 and Howick is one of the more affluent suburbs.
population
The Howick Ward , like Auckland , has a multicultural population, with some differences. The population was given according to a census in 2013 with 127,125. The statistics include the neighborhoods of Pakuranga , Botany Downs and Flatbush because they fall under the Howick Local Board . Howick has the largest Chinese-speaking population in Auckland . Almost a fifth of the population are Chinese. Auckland has the largest number of immigrants in New Zealand: 31.1 percent of the population were born abroad. In Howick , however, it is 50.6 percent of the population.
Howick is an affluent place to live. 86.1 percent of adults have a school leaving certificate and the median income of NZD30,300 is also slightly higher than the NZD29,600 in Auckland . 70.8 percent of the population own their own apartment. This is in clear contrast to Auckland , where only 46.0 percent live in property.
| Howick% | Auckland% | |
|---|---|---|
| English | 93.0 | 95.6 |
| North Chinese | 7.8 | 3.0 |
| Yue | 7.1 | 2.4 |
| Sinitic languages (indefinite) | 5.1 | 2.3 |
| Hindi | 4.4 | 3.8 |
| Afrikaans | 2.7 | 1.1 |
| Korean | 1.9 | 1.5 |
| Tagalog | 1.8 | 1.2 |
| Samoan | 1.1 | 4.5 |
| French | 0.9 | 1.4 |
| Howick% | Auckland% | |
|---|---|---|
| Europeans | 55.0 | 59.3 |
| Māori | 5.2 | 10.7 |
| Pacific islanders | 4.6 | 14.6 |
| Asians | 38.8 | 23.1 |
| Other | 3.3 | 3.1 |
The respondents were allowed to indicate several languages.
Culture and way of life
freetime and sports
Howick is known for having a vibrant café culture. There are also a few art galleries and a small cinema that shows foreign films every now and then. The occasional films shown in Afrikaans, for example, are very popular because of the South African community in Auckland . The beach (Howick Beach) is particularly popular in summer . Picnics, swimming and various water sports are some of the popular beach activities. In addition, Howick boasts a number of sports clubs - from golf and soccer to rugby and sailing.
Events
Various regular community events promote a sense of community in Howick . The Howick Village Market is held in the city center every Saturday between 8 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. A variety of meals, fresh local fruits and vegetables, plants and flowers, art objects and much more are sold here. There is also the so-called " All Saints Classy Crafts " craft market within walking distance of Howick Village Market . These markets are very popular with local residents and offer opportunities to sell handcrafted goods.
Annual events like the Midnight Madness in November and the Santa Parade in December are so well known that thousands of people from all over the region visit them every year and the police close the streets. Midnight Madness is an evening of entertainment and lots of bargain deals in stores that stay open until midnight. The Santa Parade is also a major event in Howick . Many people from the community and certain groups, for example church parishes, schools and dance groups, take part, often with ornate motif wagons.
Attractions
The All Saints Church in the Cook Street was the first church in Auckland , and the first European building in Howick was built. It is also the oldest building in Manukau City . Since the passage of the Historic Places Act 1993, the church is protected as a cultural monument. Not far away is Picton Street , Howick's main street . Here in the city center there are many unique cafes, restaurants, pubs and shops. The beach (Howick Beach) is within walking distance.
Another interesting place is the Historic Village . It is a so-called "living museum" with many actors in traditional historical clothing. The village consists of thirty original fencible buildings and a 2.8 hectare historic garden. Here life in a colonial village is recreated.
The historical Mangemangeroa protected area is one of the sights . The hiking trail through the protected area passes a waterfall as well as native bush, streams and wooden walkways over mangroves and the Wadden Sea.
The Musick Point lookout near the golf club offers views of the ocean, Rangitoto Island, and other islands nearby.
literature
- Brian Newton Davis : Howick . In: Alexander Hare McLintock (Ed.): An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Wellington 1966 ( online [accessed May 17, 2018]).
- Alan J. La Roche, Leonard Cobb , Te-Warena Taua : The History of Howick and Pakuranga : Whitford, Bucklands and Eastern Beaches and Surrounding Districts . Howick & Districts Historical Society , Auckland 1991.
- Ruth Alexander, Gail Gibson, Alan J. La Roche : The Royal New Zealand Fencibles , 1847-1852 . New Zealand Fencible Society , Auckland 1997.
Web links
- Homepage of the City of Auckland (English)
- The official website Auckland (English)
- Homepage of Howick Village (English)
- Homepage of Howick Historical Village (English)
- The Howick Local Board website (English)
- Mangemangeroa reserve online brochure (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c 2013 Census QuickStats about a place -> Auckland Region -> Auckland . Statistics New Zealand , accessed April 17, 2018 .
- ^ "Soldiers of Fortune" . New Zealand Herald , accessed September 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Topo250 maps . Land Information New Zealand , accessed April 15, 2018 .
- ^ Davis : Howick . In: An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . 1966.
- ↑ 2013 Census QuickStats about a place: Howick Local Board Area . Statistics New Zealand , accessed April 17, 2018 .
- ^ Howick Local Board . Auckland Council , accessed April 17, 2018 .
- ^ History of Howick, Pakuranga and Surrounding Areas . Times , May 24, 2006; archived from the original on September 27, 2015 ; accessed on April 15, 2018 (English, original website no longer available).
- ↑ Historical Background . (PDF) Auckland Council , accessed September 25, 2015 .
- ^ A b c d e Ruth Alexander, Gail Gibson, Alan J. La Roche: "The Royal NZ Fencibles, 1847-1852." Auckland 1997. p. 51.
- ↑ Alexander, Gibson, La Roche : The Royal New Zealand Fencibles . 1997, p. 8-9 .
- ↑ Alexander, Gibson, La Roche : The Royal New Zealand Fencibles . 1997, p. 58 .
- ↑ Alexander, Gibson, La Roche : The Royal New Zealand Fencibles . 1997, p. 9-11 .
- ^ La Roche, Cobb, Taua : The History of Howick and Pakuranga . 1991, p. 213-219 .
- ^ La Roche, Cobb, Taua : The History of Howick and Pakuranga . 1991, p. 215 .
- ↑ a b Howick Local Board census profile - Initial results from the 2013 Census . In: aucklandcouncil.govt.nz . Retrieved March 2, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Howick Local Board Profile . (PDF) Auckland Council , accessed September 25, 2015 .
- ↑ "Half a Million Aucklanders Born Overseas" . Statistics New Zealand , archived from the original on September 10, 2015 ; accessed on April 15, 2018 (English, original website no longer available).
- ^ Auckland Dwellings and Households . (PDF) Auckland Council , accessed September 25, 2015 .
- ^ A b La Roche, Cobb, Taua : The History of Howick and Pakuranga . 1991, p. 112 .