Hurricane Liza (1968)
| Category 1 hurricane ( SSHWS ) | ||
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| Emergence | August 28, 1968 | |
| resolution | September 6, 1968 | |
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Peak wind speed |
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| Lowest air pressure | 998 mbar ( hPa ; 29.5 inHg ) | |
| dead | None | |
| Property damage | US $ 5,000 (1968) | |
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Affected areas |
California | |
| Season overview: Pacific hurricane seasons 1950–1969 |
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Hurricane Liza was the third hurricane of the 1968 Pacific hurricane season . It formed on August 28 from an area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and reached the strength of a tropical storm on the same day. Liza meandered across the Pacific Ocean in a westward trajectory, and on August 29, far from the coast, reached hurricane strength. Liza remained a hurricane until September 2nd when Liza was downgraded to a tropical storm. Liza now moved to the northwest and weakened into a tropical depression on September 4th. The system was now moving east. It is possible that Liza completed a loop before the system broke up on September 6th.
Although Liza stayed out of the country, the waves Liza generated reached the California coast , where, in conjunction with the flood , they endangered shore houses that had been weakened by a previous storm surge . The hurricane also caused hundreds of swimmers who used Labor Day to swim at Zuma Beach and Newport Beach to be dragged out into the ocean by the current. They were brought to safety by lifeguards. The waves destroyed several bathing jetties near Laguna Beach .
Storm course
From August 25th, the ITCZ was active near the border between Mexico and Guatemala . The cutter Androscoggin the United States Coast Guard reported a barometric pressure of 1010.5 mbar and severe thunderstorms, km south when the ship about 240 of Tehuantepec was. The thunderstorms caused waves 2.7 m high. These conditions developed in a northward bend in the ITCZ moving westward. Before August 28, satellite images showed no further development apart from some rainy areas, but then a tropical disturbance suddenly began to develop in this area, which was classified as a tropical depression at the beginning of that day. The low pressure area intensified during the day to a tropical storm when the ship Jag Jawan reported a wind speed of 96 km / h and an air pressure of 1003.2 mbar. Another ship, the Teverya , which was about 95 km further north-west, reported a similar wind speed, but a lower air pressure of 998 mbar. This was the lowest air pressure actually measured during the existence of the storm. Satellite images showed a complex of eddies consisting of three cloud masses and two curved bands of cumulonimbus clouds ; they all produced cirrus discharge .
After the storm was named Liza , it moved west-northwest for 48 hours and reached hurricane strength on August 29. One eye could be seen on satellite images . All ships stayed out of range of the hurricane until September 1, so satellite images were the only way to gauge the intensity of the storm. An ESSA-6 satellite image dated August 30th shows a round eye embedded in a circular thick cloud cover that in turn extends over five degrees of latitude. Inflow was seen in bands from the south, but large areas of dry, cloudless air lay to the north and west of the hurricane. It is therefore assumed that the hurricane had its peak at this point in time. On August 31, the clouds in the center of the hurricane had shrunk, but the hurricane retained its intensity until September 1. Then it began to weaken over cooler water due to the cold inflow. A ship with an unspecified name and heading east passed the center to the north around the time and reported a wind speed of 135 km / h and a wave height of 12 to 13.5 m. The weakening accelerated and the hurricane lost its cirrus cap, detached from the warm water, exposing the center. A United States Air Force reconnaissance aircraft that was scheduled to investigate the hurricane on September 2 found that the hurricane had weakened into a tropical storm, but the on-board weather observer considered the possibility that Liza was not even one at the time tropical storm. The storm continued to resolve and was downgraded to a tropical depression on September 4th. It continued to drift southwest until it disintegrated on September 6th.
Disputes
There are two disputes between the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) as well as the best-track data and the post-season report on the hurricane. The post-season report released by the Environmental Science Services Administration indicated that notification of the unnamed ship was received on Sept. 1, after the storm had already seen two days of cold inflow. The report therefore determined the highest wind speed of the hurricane on August 30th at 215 km / h, which made Liza a category 3 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale and the strongest hurricane of the season. The JTWC and Best Track data indicate the peak intensity based on the ship's report on September 1st. Liza was the first of three hurricanes believed to have hit Category 3 in the 1968 hurricane season. The other two were Pauline and Rebecca.
The other dispute concerns the trajectory of the hurricane, especially between the gradation to the tropical depression and the dissolution of the system. The best track data and the ESSA report both indicate that Liza moved southwest throughout its existence. However, the JTWC's report on Liza shows a loop for the period from September 4 to 6 that was completely within 24 ° N and 25 ° N and 125 ° W and 126 ° W. longitude from September 4 to September 6.
Impact, Records, and Naming
_Weakened.JPG)
Although the hurricane remained far from the mainland during its existence, the United States Weather Bureau warned that Liza could cause damage from 1.2–1.8 m high storm surge in California as it coincided with the tidal flood, where 1.5 to three meter high breakers could occur that would go over breakwaters and jetties and could also lead to dangerous currents on the beaches. Authorities in Long Beach were keeping an eye on the breakwaters, and in Laguna Beach lifeguards were preparing to intervene if conditions worsened. In Newport Beach, the United States Army Corps of Engineers was used to build a stone and sand wall to protect the houses between 41st Street and 46th Street. In West Newport Beach, there were fears that the hurricane could damage the waterfront buildings that had been weakened by a storm the week before. It was not assumed that apart from the swell there would be further damage from the hurricane, which, according to the meteorologist Emii Kurtz, was "far too far away" to directly influence the weather.
On September 2-3 , waves up to 3.5 m high hit the beaches of southern California , Los Angeles and Orange County counties saw high-rise breakers, and dangerous currents occurred at Cabrillo Beach for two consecutive days. The beaches were crowded because of Labor Day weekend, and many of them ignored the prompts to stay out of the water. Numerous swimmers had to be rescued from emergencies because they were washed into the sea by the waves. This affected 47 swimmers at Zuma Beach on September 2 and an additional 261 people were rescued in Newport. Even a day later there were still such emergencies. At the El Morro Beach Trailer Park near Laguna Beach, several bathing jetties were torn from their foundations by the waves, causing property damage of $ 5,000 (today's prices: $ 37,000). Liza was most at work in Long Beach, where flotsam and foam created by the waves clogged rainwater drainage channels. Beach lakes formed along the beach and water spilled over a parking lot on 72nd Street onto Ocean Boulevard, closing the road between 68th Place and 72nd Place to traffic. Several gardens were also flooded, but there were no reports of damage to buildings. The weakened structures in West Newport Beach were not further damaged.
Because the damage caused by Liza was not extreme, the name was not removed from the list of tropical cyclones after the 1968 hurricane season and was used thereafter until 1978 when a new way of naming tropical cyclones was introduced, both male and female First names are used alternately. Since then, the name Liza was no longer in this spelling on one of the lists of the National Hurricane Center ; in the spelling with S, the name Lisa is currently used in the Atlantic basin and was last used during the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season . The name is intended for use in the 2016 Atlantic hurricane season .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f William J. Denney: Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season of 1968 ( English , PDf; 24.0 MB) NOAA . 1969. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e National Hurricane Center: Eastern Pacific hurricane best track analysis 1949-2014 ( English ) United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Office of Oceanic & Atmospheric Research. October 15, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
- ↑ a b Joint Typhoon Warning Center: JTWC Report: Hurricane Liza ( English , PDF) 1969. Accessed on February 8, 2011. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e Breakers Calm Down After Lashing Newport (English) , Press-Telegram . Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ↑ a b Big Sea Swells Due At Beaches (English) , Independent Star News. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ↑ a b c Bill Homer: Southland Beaches Brace For 10-Foot-High Waves (English) , Independent Press-Telegram. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ↑ a b Hurricane Spins Off Mexico (English) , Oakland Tribune. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ^ A b c California Sees Some Big Waves (English) , San Antonio Express. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ^ A b High Waves Lash California Beaches (English) , Wisconsin State Journal. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ↑ Staircase to Nowhere (English) , Independent. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
