Anthem of the Soviet Union
The state anthem of the Soviet Union ( Russian Гимн Советского Союза ) was the successor to the International that had been used as the Soviet national anthem on January 1, 1944 by Josef Stalin . The text is by Sergei Michalkow and Gabriel El-Registan , the music by Alexander Alexandrow . Their melody was reintroduced with a new text after the end of the Soviet Union on December 30, 2000 as the anthem of the Russian Federation .
Origin background
The song of the fatherland ( Широка страна моя родная ) by Isaak Dunajewski and Wassili Lebedew-Kumatsch (German adaptation by Erich Weinert ) from the film The Circus ( Цирк , 1936, director: Grigori Alexandrow ) has been an "unofficial hymn" since the 1930s the Soviet Union.
The state anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian: Государственный гимн Союза Советских Социалистических Республик ) was created in 1943, who was the founder of the song of the 19th century , who was the organizer of the song of the 1928 melody of the army once awarded to the hymn of the Bolshevik Party ( Гимн партии большевиков by Vasily Lebedev-Kumach ). He only made minor changes to it. The musical material that Alexandrov used for the party anthem is almost identical to that of the state anthem and thus establishes the audible connection between state , society , party and patriotism .
The original text, which contained a hymn of praise to Stalin in the second stanza, was rewritten in 1977 by the author Michalkow, whereby the stanzas were also regrouped. In the form then available, the hymn was in use until 1991. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the founding of the Russian Federation , the Patriotic Song by Mikhail Glinka was initially considered the hymn in Russia since 1990/91 , before the hymn of the Russian Federation with the old melody of the Soviet hymn was introduced in 2001 . Sergei Michalkow wrote the text again, this time about the homeland that God had to protect .
Prohibition
The performance of communist songs has been banned in Hungary (since 1994), Latvia and Lithuania (since 2008) , depending on the context . Such a ban, which u. a. punished the use of communist symbols with a two-year prison sentence , existed in Poland since 2009, but with the judgment of the Constitutional Court of July 19, 2011 it was declared unconstitutional and considered null and void from the start.
Hymn texts
1943
| Original version | Transcription (Duden) | translation |
|---|---|---|
|
Союз нерушимый республик свободных |
Soyuz nerushimy respublik zvobodnych |
The unbreakable union of free republics |
| : Припев:
Славься, Отечество наше свободное, |
: Pripew:
Slavsja, Otetschestvo nasche swobodnoje, |
:Refrain:
Boast of our free fatherland, |
|
Сквозь грозы сияло нам солнце свободы, |
Skwos grosy sijalo nam solnze swobody, |
The sun of freedom shone through a thunderstorm, |
|
(same after de-Stalinization) Сквозь грозы сияло нам солнце свободы, |
Skwos grosy sijalo nam solnze swobody, |
The sun of freedom shone through a thunderstorm, |
| : Припев: /: Pripew: /: Refrain: | ||
|
Мы армию нашу растили в сраженьях, |
My armiju naschu rastili v srashenyach, |
We strengthened our army in battles, |
| : Припев: /: Pripew: /: Refrain: | ||
1977
| Original version | Transcription (Duden) | translation |
|---|---|---|
|
Союз нерушимый республик свободных |
Soyuz nerushimy respublik zvobodnych |
The unbreakable union of free republics |
| : Припев:
Славься, Отечество наше свободное, |
: Pripew:
Slavsja, Otetschestvo nasche swobodnoje, |
:Refrain:
Boast of our free fatherland, |
|
Сквозь грозы сияло нам солнце свободы |
Skwos grosy sijalo nam solnze swobody |
Through the storm the sun of freedom shone on us, |
| : Припев: /: Pripew: /: Refrain: | ||
|
В победе бессмертных идей коммунизма |
W pobede bessmertnych idei communism |
In the victory of the immortal ideas of communism |
| : Припев: /: Pripew: /: Refrain: | ||
References in other pieces of music
- The Village People's song Go West (1979) , later re-recorded by the Pet Shop Boys , borrows heavily from the melody of the anthem.
- ( ).
- The anthem is musically quoted in the title track of the album Stalingrad (2012) by the German heavy metal band Accept .
literature
- Harry Schurdel: National anthems of the world: Origin and content , Atlantis-Musikbuch-Verlag, 2006, ISBN 3-254-08221-4
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Efim G. Etkind: Russian poetry from the October Revolution to the present . C. H. Beck, 1984, p. 126; Susan Amert: In a Shattered Mirror. The Later Poetry of Anna Akhmatova . Stanford University Press, 1992, p. 43; Emma Widdis: Visions of a New Land. Soviet Film from the Revolution to the Second World War . Yale University Press, 2003, p. 143; James von Geldern, Richard Stites (Ed.): Mass Culture in Soviet Russia . Indiana University Press, 1995, pp. 271ff.
- ↑ Hungarian Criminal Code 269 / B.§ (1993.)
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/europe/7459976.stm
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 2, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Dz.U. 2011 no. 160 poz. 964; Wyrok Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 19 lipca 2011 r. sygn. act K 11/10. In: sejm.gov.pl. July 19, 2011, accessed November 24, 2013 (Polish).
