Hyperplasia

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The hyperplasia (from ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hyper) = over and πλάσις (plasis) = formation, form, modern Greek υπερπλασία , neo Latin hyperplasia "excessive cell formation") is an overgrowth of tissue formed by the multiplication of normal cells of a living being . As a medical term, it is an enlargement of a tissue or organ through increased cell division and an associated extraordinary increase in the number of cells in the sense of a general dysplasia . The opposite of hyperplasia is hypoplasia .

Definition of terms

The terms hyperplasia and neoplasia cannot be clearly separated from one another, since neoplasias are understood to mean not only malignant tumors, but also benign, non- metastasizing new cells. However, hyperplasia must be clearly distinguished from hypertrophy , in which an organ only increases in size by enlarging its individual cells.

Cause and forms

Histo pathological image of a diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid gland ( HE staining )
Clinical: hyperthyroidism

Hyperplasia can have physiological or pathological causes. It can affect both functional tissue ( parenchyma ) and connective tissue ( stroma ). Classic examples of hyperplasia are warts , uterine polyps (cervical hyperplasia) and enlargement of the prostate ( benign prostatic hyperplasia ), in which the functional tissue of the organ increases in number of cells and thereby enlarges. The growth of connective tissue during wound healing is also called hyperplasia.

Further differentiation

  • Adenoma / adenomatous hyperplasia (a benign growth of the mucous membrane or glandular tissue that can generally affect any organ)
  • angiolymphoid hyperplasia
  • atypical hyperplasia
  • focal epithelial hyperplasia
  • focal nodular hyperplasia
  • foveolar hyperplasia
  • glandular-cystic hyperplasia
  • lymphoid hyperplasia
  • polypous hyperplasia
  • hemimandibular hyperplasia (partial or giant growth forms affecting only the joint area in the area of ​​the lower jaw without midline shift of the chin to the opposite side)

See also

literature

  • Helmut Lingen (Ed.): Medicine, humans, health - diseases, causes, treatments from A – Z / Medical terms / The human body / Natural healing methods / First aid. Special edition, Lingen, Cologne 2006.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lois Jovanovic, Genell J. Subak-Sharpe: Hormones. The medical manual for women. (Original edition: Hormones. The Woman's Answerbook. Atheneum, New York 1987) From the American by Margaret Auer, Kabel, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-8225-0100-X , p. 376.
  2. ↑ Norbert Schwenzer, Michael Ehrenfeld (ed.): Tooth-mouth-jaw medicine. Volume 2: Special Surgery. 3rd updated and expanded edition, Thieme, Stuttgart / New York 2002, ISBN 3-13-593503-5 , p. 188.
  3. ↑ HL Obwegeser , MS Makek: Hemimandibular hyperplasia - elongation emimandibular. In: Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery . 1986, Volume 14, Issue 4, pp. 183-208, PMID 3461097 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Hyperplasia  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations