Hyperrealism
The hyper-realism , even super realism , is an art form , painting and sculpture, but also includes photography and film. The realism has always been an important element in the series of styles in art. Hyperrealism is a further development of realism and is related to Pop Art . His ideal is not necessarily an exact, true-to-life replica, as is typical of realism, but rather a photo-realistic exaggeration of reality, an "exaggerated reality". The abstraction is rejected.
An essential element of hyperrealism is the renunciation of subjective interpretation by the artist. Hyperrealism uses photorealism means of expression , in which image content is painted with a level of detail reminiscent of a photograph. While photorealism wants to be above all beautiful through the brilliant, realistic depiction, hyperrealism in the depiction of a cool and profane “exaggerated disturbing” reality poses the question of the nature of things in an almost ironic, existentialistic context. For example, the landscape paintings by Gottfried Helnwein are mostly works of photorealism, as they are primarily "beautiful" but do not have the disturbing character of his portraits. On the other hand, due to the scars and wounds made visible by the artist, these are more likely to be assigned to hyperrealism; the boundaries are fluid, whereby it is “irrelevant whether these images are photographed or painted”.
development
However, the tendencies and intent of hyperrealism are by no means new. Already in the sculpture of antiquity one can see the intention to design (god) figures as realistically as possible and to paint them accordingly so that an "uncanny" impression of real figures is created. In the reception of antiquities at the end of the 19th century - especially after the discovery of the "painted" antique figure - a style of sculpture emerged for several decades that aimed at this effect. For example, Wilhelm von Rümann (1850 Hanover - 1906 Corsica), a sculptor from the Munich School, created such sculptures in specially colored bronze, but above all in more suitable clay and terracotta material, painted realistically, in the material structure, but also in the incarnate Appearing “material-proof”, with amazing effects that are hardly inferior to the later American art style. His "water-carrying Roman" became known for this. The Goldscheider-Wien manufactory was also known for the production of hyper-realistic surface treatment for many of the sculptures placed there - especially in clay. The examples of the 19th century, however, have often largely forfeited their formerly natural effect due to the influence of patina. In the period from 1965 to 1970 (including Chuck Close , Don Eddy , Richard Estes and Malcolm Morley ), North American artists in particular worked hyperrealistic . Sculptors such as John de Andrea , Edward Kienholz or Duane Hanson created replicas of e.g. B. homeless people or museum visitors (see Environments ) whose realism was so impressive that visitors to the relevant exhibitions were frightened at the sight of the supposed reality. The exhibition of three life-size, seemingly stuffed camels by the artist Nancy Graves at the Whitney Museum in 1969 caused a sensation . The works of Ron Mueck , whom the art critic Bülent Gündüz counts as the “triumvirate of hyperrealism” with Maurizio Cattelan and Patricia Piccinini , can be found in this exhibition Classify tradition of hyper-realistic characters.
In the artist scene of the so-called Leipzig School , in addition to numerous other styles, forms of hyperrealism developed during the GDR era, which made Leipzig painting interesting for the West German art market. Realistic and hyper-realistic tendencies can also be seen in modern art at the beginning of the 21st century ( New Leipzig School ).
Hyperrealism in Painting
In painting, Chuck Monroe , Don Eddy , Claudio Bravo , Chuck Close , Richard Estes , Ralph Goings , Audrey Flack , Vija Celmins , Franz Gertsch , Rudolf Häsler and Gottfried Helnwein stand for this direction . Contemporary artists who work with hyper-realistic means, among others, are Jeff Koons , Ron Mueck and Luigi Rocca as well as the airbrushers Hajime Sorayama , Gerard Boersma and Dru Blair and numerous other artists (in Germany for example Maximilian Pfalzgraf , Günther Hermann , Lars Reiffers , Dietmar Gross or Roland H. Heyder with his “Fantastic Realism”). The Swede Tommy TC Carlsson works with hyper-realistic stylistic devices in his object art ("Modern Illusion Art"). Roland Delcol, born in Brussels in 1942, is an idiosyncratic representative between hyperrealism and today's postmodern pluralism .
criticism
A critical view of hyperrealism emphasizes the lack of imagination of the representation: “Hyperrealism gives away the possibilities that painting has in favor of a simple joke within the competition between painting and photography.” American hyperrealism of the 1960s and 1970s was called “American up to the caricature ":" This developed and widespread hyperrealism of Pop Art of the 60s was hyper-provocative and hyper-superficial and hyper-commercial. "
See also
literature
- Raimund Ilg: Art history at a glance, Stark-Verlag
- Peer Kriesel: More than just hyper-realistic - psychological realism shaped by Ron Mueck, Art and Cultural History, FH Potsdam 2007
- Harald Berendt: Werner Tübke's panorama picture in Bad Frankenhausen, Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 2006
- Peter Pakesch et al. Bernhard Mendes Bürgi (Ed.): Painting on the Move, Schwabe Verlag, Basel 2002
- Ritvan Sentürk: Postmodern Tendencies in Film, Munich 1998
- Axel Hinrich Murken: Between Surrealism and Hyperrealism, Dr. Schilke Medical Publishing House
- Michael Freeman, Frank Baeseler: The photographic idea: Image composition and statement, Markt + Technik 2010
- John Russell Taylor, Maggie Bollaert: Exactitude - Hyperrealist Art Today . Thames & Hudson, 2009, ISBN 978-0-500-23863-9 .
Web links
- J. Schlichtholz: artist directory realism
- Kulturama.org: Hyperrealism and the small galleries
- art-port: Hyperrealism in the MUMOK in Vienna
- Klaus Herding - Realism (PDF; 833 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schlichtholz artist directory
- ↑ Kulturserver Niedersachsen: Realistic Painting
- ^ Prestel, online artist lexicon
- ↑ Kulturserver Niedersachsen: Photorealism
- ↑ Schlichtholz artist directory
- ↑ Rainhold Misselbeck, curator Museum Ludwig, Cologne
- ↑ Raimund Ilg, Overview of Art History, Stark-Verlag (PDF; 60 kB)
- ^ Prestel, online artist lexicon
- ↑ Peer Kriesel: Peer Kriesel, More than just hyperrealistic - Psychological realism shaped by Ron Mueck, Art and Culture History, FH Potsdam 2007 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Maurizio Cattelan in Bregenz ( Memento of the original from April 14, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Harald Berendt, Werner Tübkes Panoramabild in Bad Frankenhausen, Verlag Ludwig, Kiel 2006, pp. 63 and 65
- ↑ http://www.silosgallery.com/de/phantastischer-hyperrealismus.html
- ↑ http://www.andreasbaumgartl.de/bio_herrmann.html
- ↑ http://www.kunstakademie-muenster.de/detailansicht/?tx_keyac_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=101
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://wuppertal.informer-magazine.de/people/roland-h-heyder ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Axel Hinrich Murken, Between Surrealism and Hyperrealism, Dr. Schilke Medizinischer Verlag ( Memento of the original from March 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from February 27, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Antje Majewski in: Peter Pakesch u. Bernhard Mendes Bürgi (Ed.), Painting on the Move, Schwabe Verlag, Basel 2002, pp. 202–230 ( Memento of the original from July 1, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ritvan Sentürk, Postmoderne Tendenzen im Film , Munich 1998, p. 112 .
