Ibn an-Nafis

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bust of Ibn al-Nafis
First page from one of his medical works

Ibn an-Nafīs ( Arabic ابن النفيس Ibn al-Nafis ), also called al Quras (c) hi and el Koraschi (with full name ʿAlā 'ad-Dīn Abū l-Hasan ʿAlī ibn Abī Hazm al-Quraschī ad-Dimaschqī  /علاء الدين أبو الحسن علي بن أبى حزم القرشي الدمشقي / ʿAlāʾu d-Dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī bin Abī Ḥazm al-Qurašī ad-Dimašqī , born 1210 or 1213 in or near Damascus ; died on 17th December 1288 in Cairo ), was a Syrian -arabischer polymath and physician .

During his youth he studied grammar, logic, the Koran and medicine at the Nuri Hospital in Damascus . Later, he was considered one of the best students a scholarship for the Nasiri hospital in Cairo , where he later became head and the personal physician of Sultan I. Baybars was.

It is best known for the first description of the small blood circulation , better known as the pulmonary circulation . His discovery stood in contrast to the ancient ideas as taught since Aristotle and later by Avicenna (Ibn Sina), whereby he came closer to the connections between heart and lungs already postulated by Galen than Avicenna. However, he did not find the “pores” Galen imagined between the ventricles and concluded that the path of blood from the vena cava and the right ventricle into the left ventricle must not run through these pores in the heart septum, but via the pulmonary artery and the lungs . His considerations on blood circulation were resumed in the 16th century by the doctor and theologian Michel Servet and in the 17th century by the English doctor William Harvey . In contrast to this, however, Ibn an-Nafis could not rely on any empirical experience, but rather arrived at his results primarily through theoretical considerations. He also recognized the supply of the heart to the coronary vessels .

He also commented on the galenic and medical writings of Hippocrates , Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and Hunayn ibn Ishaq , wrote books on dietetics and eye diseases, as well as a novel that appeared in the Latin West under the translated title Theologus Autodidactus .

literature

  • ʻAlī ibn Abī al-Ḥazm Ibn al-Nafīs In: Max Meyerhof , Joseph Schacht (ed. And transl.): The Theologus autodidactus of Ibn al-Nafīs. Clarendon, Oxford 1968.
  • Hans Hinrich Biesterfeldt: Ibn al-Nafis. In: Josef W. Meri (Ed.): Medieval Islamic Civilization. Taylor & Francis / Routledge, New York 2006, Volume 1, pp. 347-349.
  • Max Meyerhof, Joseph Schacht: Ibn al-Nafīs . In: Encyclopédie de l'Islam . Volume III: H-Iram . Brill, Leiden, doi : 10.1163 / 9789004206106_eifo_SIM_3319 (French).
  • Nahyan Fancy: Science and Religion in Mamluk Egypt. Ibn Al-Nafis, Pulmonary Transit and Bodily Resurrection. Routledge, New York 2013 (criticizes the myth of the golden age, the mere intermediary function of the Arab sciences and the forerunner theses for European-American science. This article is explicitly criticized in the review as of August 11, 2014, of the meaning of Ibn an -Nafīs attaches to the bloodstream of all things.).
  • Friedrun R. Hau: Ibn an-Nafīs. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1023 f.
  • Albert Z. Iskandar: Ibn Al-Nafīs, 'Ala' Al-Din Abu 'L-Hasan' Ali Ibn Abi 'L-Hazm Al-Qurashi (or Al-Quarashi) . In: Charles Coulston Gillispie (Ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography . tape 9 : AT Macrobius - KF Naumann . Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1974, p. 602-606 .
  • Gerold Prager: Ibn an-Nafīs (1210–1220), first describer of the pulmonary circulation? Critical analysis of the Meyerhof translation. In: Specialized prose research - Crossing borders. Volume 2/3, 2006/2007 (2008), pp. 177-186.
  • Fuat Sezgin , Mazen Amawi, Carl Ehrig-Eggert u. a. (Ed.): ʿAli ibn Abi 'l-Hazam al-Qarshi Ibn al-Nafis (d. 687/1288): Text and Studies. Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 1997 (= Publications of the Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science. Volume 79). ISBN 978-3-8298-3079-9 .

Web links

Commons : Ibn al-Nafis  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friedrun Hau: Ibn an-Nafis. In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. 2005, p. 1023.
  2. ↑ Max Meyerhof: Ibn an-Nafīs and his theory of the pulmonary circulation. In: Sources and studies on the history of science and medicine. Volume 4, 1935, pp. 37-88 and 12 pages in Arabic script.
  3. ↑ Mohyi el Din El Tatawi (= Muḥyī ad-Dīn at-Taṭāwī) (Ed.): The pulmonary circulation according to el Koraschi. Literally translated from his "Commentary on Teschrih Avicenna". Medical dissertation Freiburg im Breisgau 1924.
  4. ^ Gotthard Strohmaier : Avicenna. Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-41946-1 , p. 118 f.
  5. ↑ Review by Stephan Conermann .
personal data
SURNAME Ibn an-Nafis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES ʿAlā 'ad-Dīn Abū l-Hasan ʿAlī ibn Abī Hazm al-Quraschī ad-Dimashqī; ʿAlāʾu d-Dīn Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Abī Ḥazm al-Qurašī ad-Dimašqī; Ibn al-Nafis
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Arab medic
DATE OF BIRTH 1210 or 1213
PLACE OF BIRTH Damascus
DATE OF DEATH December 17, 1288
Place of death Cairo