Ibn al-Shatir

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Ibn al-Shatir ( Arabic ابن الشاطر, DMG Ibn aš-Šāṭir , also al-Shatir ; or Abu l-Hasan ʿAla 'ad-Din ibn ʿAli ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad  /أبو الحسن علاء الدين بن علي بن إبراهيم بن محمد / Abū l-Ḥasan ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn b. ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad ; * 1304 in Damascus ; † 1375 ibid) was an Arab astronomer , mathematician and inventor.

Life

Ibn al-Shatir's model for Mercury .

He found through observation that the solar apogee did not move exactly with the speed of precession (namely with 1 ° per 60 Persian years compared to 1 ° per 70 Persian years), i.e. moved independently with respect to the fixed stars (see apsidic rotation ).

Ibn al-Shatir was in the tradition of the Maragha school. He improved the system of Claudius Ptolemy by eliminating the need for an equant in his treatise Kitab Nihayat as-Sulfi Tashih al-Usul . The equant was, however, coincides in the epicycle a makeshift, which is the apparent focus of uniform circular motion with either the center of the orbit nor the view of the Earth. He introduced an additional epicyclic , which deviated from the Ptolemaic system (in the same way as later Nicolaus Copernicus ). He introduced mathematically similar modifications as Copernicus, although he himself stayed with the geocentric system. It has therefore been suggested that Ibn al-Shatir influenced Copernicus.

In 1371/1372 he constructed a large sundial for the Umayyad mosque in Damascus . In 1371 he introduced the division of the day into equal hours throughout the year.

See also:

Fonts

  • Talic al-Arsad. (Observations, lost?)
  • Kitab nihayat al-sul fi tashih al-usul.
  • Al-Zij al-Jadid. (New Astronomical Handbook)

literature

  • Edward S. Kennedy, Imad Ghanem: The Life and Work of Ibn al-Shatir, an Arab Astronomer of the Fourteenth Century. History of Arabic Science Institute, University of Aleppo 1976.
  • Victor Roberts: The Solar and Lunar Theory of Ibn ash-Shatir: A Pre-Copernican Copernican Model. Isis, Volume 48, 1957, pp. 428-432.
  • Victor Roberts, Edward S. Kennedy: The Planetary Theory of Ibn al-Shatir. Isis, Vol. 50, 1959, pp. 227-235.
  • George Saliba: Theory and Observation in Islamic Astronomy: The Work of Ibn al-Shatir of Damascus. Journal for the History of Astronomy, Volume 18. 1987, pp. 35-43.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ George Saliba : Shatir, Ala 'al-Din Ibn al- , Lexicon of Eminent Natural Scientists, 2007, Volume 3; Elsevier GmbH, Munich; P. 285; ISBN 3-8274-1883-6
  2. ^ A b Epistles, Gospels, and Popular Readings in the Tuscan Language . June 27, 1495. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
personal data
SURNAME Ibn al-Shatir
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ala Al-Din Abu'l-Hasan Ali Ibn Ibrahim Ibn al-Shatir
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Arab astronomer, mathematician and inventor
DATE OF BIRTH 1304
PLACE OF BIRTH Damascus
DATE OF DEATH 1375
Place of death Damascus