Ichneumoninae

Ichneumoninae
Yellow ichneumon wasp ( Amblyteles armatorius ), tribe Ichneumonini
Systematics
Order : insects Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) Subordination : Waist Wasps (Apocrita) Partial order : Legimmen (Terebrantia) Family : Wasps (Ichneumonidae) Subfamily : Ichneumoninae
Scientific name
Ichneumoninae
Latreille , 1802

Ichneumoninae after the Cryptinae the second largest subfamily of parasitic wasps with about 4300 species in 438 genera and 16 tribes. In Germany alone, more than 600 species of Ichnemoninae are known.

Due to the large number of closely related species, the identification of the individual species is usually only possible for specialists.

morphology

This species-rich subfamily mostly contains animals drawn in color with the abdomen flattened. The Propodeum is relatively long. In the middle of the fore wing is a characteristic, relatively large pentagonal cell. The antennae of the males have elongated, somewhat raised sensilla fields on several segments on the outside, the so-called tyloids, which are formed differently depending on the species and are used to search for a partner. The males and females are often significantly different. Depending on the size of the host, the size of the Ichneumonidae varies from 2.5 to 30 mm in length.

Way of life

Cratichneumon unificatus, figure from Tereshkin

All Ichneumoninae are butterfly parasitoids , ie the females lay their eggs in caterpillars or pupae of butterflies in which they develop. Very little is known about the way of life of many species. The animals in the collections are mostly caught by malaise traps. In the literature there are a number of incorrect reports about the hosts, for a reliable determination it makes sense to pull the parasitic wasps from the host pupae.

Systematics and list of genera

The subfamily is divided into the following tribes according to Tereshkin (see also DS Yu). Distribution information according to Tereshkin. There are still many undescribed species. The genera mentioned below are only examples (especially genera that also occur in Central Europe).

• Alomyini Förster, 1869 (are partly viewed as a separate subfamily, partly synonymous with Phaeogenini); Hosts are small butterflies. The genus Alomya lays the eggs in the caterpillars of rootworm caterpillars ( Hepalidae ). The parasitized caterpillars then do not pupate, but their skin becomes hard and dark. Distribution: Palearctic .
  • 

    Diphyus amatorius, figure by Tereshkin
    Alomya
  • Pseudalomya
• Ceratojoppini Heinrich, 1938; Distribution: South of Africa and Madagascar.
  • Ceratojoppa
  • Ctenocalus
• 

  Clypeodromus thyridialis , illustration by Tereshkin
  Clypeodromini Tereshkin, 1992; Distribution: Palearctic
• Compsophorini Heinrich, 1967; Distribution: mainly Ethiopian region and Orientalis.
  • Compsophorus
• Ctenocalini Heinrich, 1938; Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar.
• Eurylabini Heinrich, 1934; The hosts are toothed spinners , owls and bear moths . The eggs are laid in caterpillars. Distribution: Palaearctic, Oriental , Ethiopian region.
  • Eurylabus
• Goedartiini Townes, 1961; The hosts are harmful spinners (Lymantriidae), the eggs are laid in the caterpillars. Distribution: Palearctic and Oriental.
  • Amblyjoppa
  • Coelichneumon
  • Goedartia
• Heresiarchini Ashmead, 1900 (= Callajoppini); The hosts are enthusiasts . Distribution: Orientalis, 1 species: Palearctic.
  • Amblyjoppa ( A. fuscipennis )
  • Heresiarches
• Ichneumonini Latreille, 1802; This tribe is divided into five sub-tribes. Hosts are almost always large butterflies . Distribution: Worldwide.
  • Achaius
  • Acolobus
  • Anisopygus
  • Aoplus
  • Barichneumon
  • Chasmias
  • Cratichneumon ( C. flavifrons )
  • Crytea ( C. sanguinator )
  • Crypteffigies
  • Ctenichneumon ( C. inspector , C. panzeri )
  • Diphyus ( D. quadripunctorius )
  • Eupalamus
  • Eutanyacra
  • Exephanes
  • Harelia
  • Hymenura
  • Hoplisms (H. terrificus )
  • Ichneumon ( I. eumerus )
  • Limerodops
  • Amblyteles ( A. armatorius )
  • Ethioplites
  • Hoplism
  • Melanichneumon
  • Platylabops
  • Spilichneumon
  • Stenichneumon ( S. culpator )
  • Vulgichneumon ( V. bimaculatus )
• Ischnojoppini Heinrich, 1938; Distribution: mainly the Ethiopian region including Madagascar.
  • Ishnoyoppa
• Joppocryptini Viereck, 1918; Hosts are owls or spanners . Distribution: mainly Neotropic, Ethiopian and Oriental.
  • Pseudoplatylabus
  • Joppocryptus
  • Eccoptosage
• Listrodromini Förster, 1869; Hosts are blue caterpillars . Distribution: Holarctic , Ethiopian and Oriental.
  • Anisobas
  • Neotype ( N. melanocephalus )
  • Listrodomus
• Oedicephalini Heinrich, 1934: Distribution: Neotropic , Ethiopian and Oriental.
  • Notosemus
  • Edicephalus
• Phaeogenini Förster, 1869; Hosts are Microlepidoptera. Distribution: Worldwide. Selection of genera:
  • Phaeogenes (several species, Palaearctic and Nearctic)
  • Tycherus (many species, palaearctic and nearctic)
  • Baeosemus (few species, Palaearctic)
  • Centeterus (many species, palaearctic, nearctic, neotropical, oriental)
  • Herpestomus (several species, Palaearctic)
  • Dirophanes (several species, Palearctic and Nearctic)
  • Oronotus (several species, Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental)
  • Diadromus (many species, palaearctic and nearctic)
  • Aethecerus (many species, palaearctic and nearctic)
  • Epitomus (multiple species, Palaearctic)
  • Hemichneumon (multiple species, palaearctic)
  • Trachyarus (multiple species, Palaearctic)
• Platylabini Berthoumieu, 1904; Hosts are spanners , rarely sickle-winged birds ( Drepanidae ). The females lay their eggs in caterpillars. Distribution: Worldwide.
  • Apaeleticus
  • Asthenolabus
    

    Callajoppa cirrogaster (Trogini) , drawing by Tereshkin
  • Platylabus
• Zimmeriini Heinrich, 1934; Distribution: Palearctic
  • Zimmeria
  • Coticheresiarches
• Protichneumonini Heinrich, 1934; Hosts are Lepidoptera from eight different families. Distribution: Worldwide
  • Protichneumon
  • Apatetor
• Trogini (Foerster, 1868) Distribution: Worldwide
  • Trogus
  • Callajoppina

Individual evidence

1. ↑ van Noort: WaspWeb: Hymenoptera of the African Tropical region. Iziko Museums of South Africa, accessed May 28, 2020 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b} Subfamily Ichneumoninae - BugGuide.Net. Retrieved May 28, 2020 . 
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} K. Schmidt & F. Zmudzinski: Contributions to the knowledge of the Baden parasitic wasp fauna (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). 5. Subfamily Ichneumoninae . In: carolinea . tape 63 . Karlsruhe 2006, p. 135-177 .
4. ↑ Ichneumonid Morphology. American Entomological Institute, accessed June 7, 2020 . 
5. ↑ R. Hinz: About the way of life of Amblyteles armatorius (Forster, 1771) (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). In: Entomofauna . tape 6 , no. 8 . Linz 1985, p. 73-77 .
6. ↑ ^{a b c d} A. M. Tereshkin: Illustrated key to the tribes of subfamilia Ichneumoninae and genera of the tribe Platylabini of world fauna (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) . In: Linzer Biol. Contributions . tape 41 , no. 2 , 2009, p. 1317-1608 ( tereshkin.info [PDF]).
7. ↑ Yu DS, van Achterberg, K., Horstmann, K .: World Ichneumonoidea 2011. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Vancouver, Canada 2011.
8. ↑ Andrew MR Bennett, Sophie Cardinal, Ian D. Gauld, David B. Wahl: Phylogeny of the subfamilies of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera). In: J. Hymenoptera Res. Band 71 , 2019, p. 1–156 , doi : 10.3897 / year 71.32375 .
9. ↑ Tribe Phaeogenini - BugGuide.Net. Accessed May 31, 2020 . 
10. ↑ E. Diller: Comments on genera of the Phaeogenini and new descriptions of palaearctic species (Insecta: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae, Phaeogenini) . In: Linzer biol. Contribution Volume 38 , no. 2 , 2006, p. 1255-1268 .
11. ↑ Erich Diller: Comments on the systematics of the Phaeogenini with a preliminary catalog of the genera (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) . In: Entomofauna . tape 2 , no. 8 . Linz 1981, p. 93-109 .

Web links

Commons : Ichneumoninae  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Images in Spencer Entomological Collection