Ida (St. Mary in the Capitol)

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Abbess Ida and the Archbishop of Cologne Hildebold at the tower of the Cologne City Hall

Ida (* before 1025; † April 7 or 8, 1060 ) was an important abbess of the St. Maria im Kapitol in Cologne . The works of art she has received are among the most outstanding treasures of the era.

biography

Ida was a daughter of Count Palatine Ezzo and Mathildes , the sister of Emperor Otto III. and granddaughter of Emperor Otto II and Theophanu . She belonged to the Ezzone family , which gained great importance in the 11th century when Ezzo married a member of the imperial family on the Lower Rhine. Ida, probably one of Ezzo's younger daughters, and her sister Sophia were brought up in Gandersheim Monastery . Both left Gandersheim in 1026 and entered the monastery of St. Maria Altenmünster in Mainz. Due to a conflict between the Archbishop of Mainz and the Bishop of Hildesheim, Ida and her sister had to return to Gandersheim in 1027, only to return to Mainz a little later. This time Ida stayed in Mainz for a long time, only after Aribo's death in 1031 was it agreed with the new Archbishop Bardo that Ida (her sister Sophia had died in the meantime) to Gandersheim. There Ida became abbess of the Marienkloster between 1031 and 1038 , a monastery owned by the Gandersheim monastery. She received her consecration from Bishop Godehard von Hildesheim, who died on May 5, 1038.

At an unknown time, they also took over the management of the Cologne congregation of St. Mary in the Capitol , probably through the agency of her brother, the Archbishop of Cologne Hermann II. Like its sister Theophanu in Essen and Gerresheim (1039-1058) Ida had possibly both Would the same hold . Ida died on April 7th or 8th 1060 and was buried in the Church of St. Maria in the Capitol. The grave inscription has survived in a version based on the original from the 18th century:

Ossa / Beatae Idae / Quam / B. Erenfriedus Com. Palat. Ex Mathilde / Augg Ottonium II F. III Sorore / Filiam / Hermannus II Archiep. Col. / Sororem / Illustre hoc collegium Capitolinum / abbatissam / habuit / S. Adelheidis cui. carissima fuerat. vita et gubernatione imitatricenem / A MLX hoc in templo / condita. / Ex antiquo tumolo ad venerationem populi / olim iuxta muri imborealem elevato / huc translata / A MDCCLXVI.

Bones / of the blessed Ida / who / the Blessed Erenfried Count Palatine Von Mathilde / of the sublime Otto II daughter, III. Sister / to the daughter / Hermann II Archbishop / to the sister / this respected Collegium des Capitols / to the abbess / the St. Adelheid, to whom she was very dear, had her in life and administration as an imitator / in 1060 in this temple / buried. / From the old grave for the admiration of the people / that was once built on the north wall / reburied here / In 1746.

The inscription emphasizes, like that of her sister Theophanu, Ida's descent from the imperial family of the Ottonians . Her predecessor Adelheid von Vilich is named as Ida's role model , who was abbess in St. Maria im Kapitol between 1010 and 1021 and whose cult was strongly promoted by Ida's sister Mathilde, abbess of Vilich .

Ida's work

The east complex of St. Maria in the Capitol was built under Ida. The three-icon complex quotes the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem.
The column position quotes the Aachen octagon

Like her sister Theophanu in Essen and her brother Hermann in Cologne, Ida was particularly active as a donor. Ida had the church of St. Maria in the Capitol rebuilt, presumably together with Hermann. The building shows numerous references to symbols of power, such as in the west building with a quote from the pillars of the mezzanine floor of the Aachen Palatine Chapel. The dimensions of the three-icon complex of the east building of St. Maria in the Capitol are an exact copy of the Nativity Church in Bethlehem, while the crypt quotes those of the Speyer Cathedral .

Ida also donated the furnishings for her new church, two of which have survived. The wooden door of St. Maria in the Capitol is one of the most important carvings of the 11th century, today it is on the west wall of the south aisle of the church. The front of the door leaves each have 13 panels depicting the youth and passion of Christ. In doing so, they contrast the ideal Christian ruler with the unchristian ruler in the person of Herod . The Hermann Ida Cross , which is now in the Cologne Diocesan Museum , was also part of the church's furnishings . On this is a Sanctimoniale, which is marked with the name Ida, but since this inscription was added later, it is usually regarded as a gift from Hermann to her.

However, Ida also donated outside of her own pen. For the cross of the Ida column in Essen Cathedral , of which the inscription plaque and small remnants are still present, it was long disputed whether Ida or an Essen abbess of the same name , who lived about 100 years earlier, donated it. The column's capital is very similar to that of St. Mary in the Capitol. The surviving inscription plaque also seemed to point to an origin in the 11th century, but is now dated to the 10th century. After an analysis of the relics recovered in the Essen chapter cross showed that they come from the Ida cross and the 10th century, the participation of the Cologne abbess in the creation of the Ida cross is now excluded.

The Hidda Codex of the Gerresheim Abbey is also attributed to Ida. The codex comes from the Cologne School of Illumination. Its dating is controversial, at least before 1056, as a document from her sister Theophanu († 1058) in favor of Gerresheim, which was confirmed by the Archbishop of Cologne Anno II. (In office from 1056), was entered in the codex as a copy. Ida is also mentioned in the memorial directory of the Gerresheim Abbey. It is possible, however, that the codex was created before 1030 and thus at a time when Ida was still involuntarily a canon in Gandersheim.

The Hitda Codex from the Meschede Abbey, which is now kept in Darmstadt, is also associated with Ida. This codex also belongs to the Cologne painting school, but its date is controversial. Sometimes a date between 1000 and 1020 is represented, which cannot be reconciled with Idas Abbatiat, but sometimes a date after 1035 is represented, according to which Ida is possible as a founder. The founder had a connection to Cologne, where Ida stands out with a fitting name, Ida's brother Hermann even gave evidence to the Meschede Abbey. Beuckers considered Ida as the founder of the Codex for the most part likely. In the meantime it has been proposed that the Hitda Codex be regarded as an early work of the Cologne study of illuminators and dated to around 970, with Hitda being identified as Hidda , the mother of Archbishop Gero of Cologne .

Overall, Ida's foundations are of outstanding artistic quality. Her foundations are mostly linked to the archbishopric politics of Hermann, to whom she probably owed her abbatiate in Cologne, as is particularly evident in St. Maria in the Capitol.

Ida is one of the statues that are attached to the outside of the tower of Cologne City Hall. These figures represent important personalities in the city.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Beuckers 1993, p. 7.
  2. ↑ Beuckers 1993, pp. 43-45.
  3. ↑ Beuckers 1993, p. 149
  4. ↑ Berges 1964.
  5. ↑ Beuckers 1993, pp. 43-44.
  6. ↑ Knapp 2009, pp. 71, 98.
  7. ↑ Beuckers 1993, p. 125.
  8. ↑ Surmann 1999, pp. 7-18.
  9. ↑ Beuckers 1993, pp. 164-168.
  10. ↑ Weilandt 2013, pp. 57–74.
  11. ↑ Beuckers, Die Ezzonen, p. 173
  12. ^ City of Cologne. Retrieved January 19, 2020 .

literature

  • Wilhelm Berges: Godehard, in: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, pp. 495-497
  • Klaus Gereon Beuckers : The Ezzonen and their foundations , LIT Verlag, Münster 1993, ISBN 3-89473-953-3
  • Hatto Küffner: The Ottonian Gospels , in: Hugo Weidenhaupt (ed.): Gerresheim 870-1970. Contributions to local and art history , Düsseldorf 1970, pp. 149–156
  • Ulrich Knapp: The new Salic building of St. Maria in the Capitol in Cologne. A critical revision, in: Förderverein Romanische Kirchen Köln eV (Ed.), Colonia Romanica. Yearbook of the Friends of Roman Churches Cologne eV, Cologne 2009
  • Ulrike Surmann: The Cross of Herimanns and Idas , Diözesanmuseum Cologne 1999
  • Gerhard Weilandt: Who donated the Hitda Codex (Darmstadt, Hess. State and University Library, Cod. 1640)? A contribution to the development of the Ottonian Cologne illumination , in: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein (AHVN) 190 (1987), pp. 49–83
  • Gerhard Weilandt: The Hitda Codex and its donor Ida of St. Maria in the Capitol. A re-encounter after a quarter of a century, in: Klaus Gereon Beuckers (Ed.), Abbess Hitda and the Hitda Codex. Research on a major work of the Ottonian Cologne book illumination, Darmstadt 2013

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Ida
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hidda; Hitda
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Abbess in Cologne
DATE OF BIRTH before 1025
DATE OF DEATH April 7, 1060 or April 8, 1060
Place of death Cologne