Marienkloster (Gandersheim)

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Marienkloster (letter C, outlined in red) on Merian's city view from the north (1654)

The Marienkloster (St. Marien) was a monastery in Gandersheim .

founding

Around 939 a convent for sanctimonials was founded in Gandersheim . Bishop Diethard consecrated the newly built church in 939 . Therefore the patron saint of the Hildesheim diocese , Maria , was chosen for the patronage . After a fire raged in the Gandersheim Abbey in 973 , the abbess of the Gerberga II Abbey converted the convent into a monastery for Benedictine women as the monastery 's own monastery after it was rebuilt. The related consecration of the church was delayed because of the Gandersheim dispute and was carried out by Bruno von Augsburg in 1007 .

history

The equipment mainly included goods in the north-western foreland of the Harz Mountains such as Bornhausen , Echte , Förste , Mackenrode and Oldendorf as well as property belonging to Gerberga II. In and near Sonderhofen . The latter were handed over to the newly founded Archdiocese of Bamberg under Heinrich II in the course of a consolidation with the Gandersheim monastery , whereby the Marienkloster received the Derenburg estate and some of today's desolate places.

The bailiwick was with the bailiffs of the monastery. B. Siegfried IV. Of Boyneburg notarized. With Albrecht I she came under the influence of the sovereigns who levied taxes.

One of the first notarized personalities was Ida . In 1118, Kuno von Praeneste called a synod in the Marienkloster, although Agnes I was the last time a Salian was appointed abbess of the monastery, and thus made the decline of imperial influence in the Saxon area caused by the battle of Welfesholz evident. In the 13th century, the monastery, which was not written as an enclosure , developed into a collegiate monastery . The abbess faced chapters of canons and canons . In the course of the reform movement around Johannes Busch , Nikolaus von Kues gave the order in 1451 to restore order to the Benedictines. The abbess of the Marienkloster refused, while the abbess of the Gandersheim monastery supported the project with support from her Vogt Wilhelm I in order to secure her influence. However, the reform project was not implemented because of the paper war . It was not until the sovereign Wilhelm II. Reform came about within the framework of the Bursfeld congregation . Then some nuns from the Lamspringe monastery moved into the Marienkloster. This made structural expansions necessary, which caused financial difficulties as the monastery was not equipped with enough goods. Then 3 bells were lost due to attacks by the Schmalkaldic League . The reformation demanded by the federal government was first introduced, but was repealed by Heinrich II , only to be reintroduced by his son Julius . Julius continued to press the monastery with the help of Nikolaus Selnecker . The abbess and nuns had to go back to the Lamspringe monastery. In 1570, despite protests from the Gandersheim Monastery, Julius had the entire monastery property moved in, added it to the newly founded Paedagogium illustrious and a few years later to the University of Helmstedt .

church

Controversial altarpiece

A capital has been preserved from the first building from the Romanesque period. A Gothic style church was built in 1274. In its eastern part were the seats of the canons and the high altar, in the western part the nuns' gallery. From 1504 to 1510, the local vicar Henning Pawes built an organ that was painted by Hans Raphon . The altarpiece was donated to the collegiate church by Duke Julius in 1582 . According to the current state of research, it is controversial whether the copy in the collegiate church today is the one that was given away in 1582 or not. When the Merian engraving was made in 1652 , there was no longer a west tower at St. Mary's Church. Johann Georg Leuckfeld wrote in 1709 that the building was desolate. The other monastery buildings also fell into disrepair or were destroyed by fire. The buildings stood east of the medieval city moat between the present-day streets Marienkloster and Marienstrasse .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Edith Ennen : The seven daughters of Count Palatine Ezzo, in: The Aqueduct 1763–1988 - an Almanach, 1988, p. 165
  2. ↑ Sigrid Hirbodian : Female rule between church and world, in: Mächtige Frauen - Königinnen und Fürstinnen in the European Middle Ages, 2015, p. 422
  3. ↑ Birgit Heilmann: Heiltum becomes history, 2009, p. 54

Coordinates: 51 ° 52 ′ 8.3 "  N , 10 ° 1 ′ 43.1"  E