Gerresheim

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Coat of arms of the state capital Düsseldorf
Gerresheim

district of the state capital Düsseldorf
Gerresheim coat of arms
Location in the city area
Basic data
Geographic location : 51 ° 14 ′  N , 6 ° 52 ′  E Coordinates: 51 ° 14 ′  N , 6 ° 52 ′  E
Height: 64  m above sea  level
Surface: 6.74 km²
Residents: 29,585 (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 4,389 inhabitants per km²
Incorporation : April 1, 1909
District: District 7
District number: 071
Transport links
Bundesstrasse : B7
S-Bahn : S 8 P 28 P 68
Light rail : U 73 U 83
Tram : 709
Bus route: 724 725 730 733 734 736 737 738 781 M 1
Night traffic: NE 4 NE 5
Gerresheim seen from the east: basilica and Quadenhof

Gerresheim is a district of Düsseldorf and is located in district 7 in the east of the city on the outskirts of the Niederbergisches Land . The formerly independent city is one of four urban settlements that developed in today's Düsseldorf urban area in the Middle Ages. The origins of the place lie in a women's monastery from the 9th century. The name of the place became known beyond Germany through the formerly resident Gerresheimer Glashütte . In 1909 Gerresheim was incorporated into Düsseldorf; the place has retained the character of an independent small town. At the end of December 2016, the district had 29,585 inhabitants and an area of ​​6.74 square kilometers.

geography

location

Gerresheim is located in the east of Düsseldorf. Neighboring districts are Ludenberg in the north, Grafenberg in the north- west, Flingern-Nord and Lierenfeld in the west and Vennhausen and Unterbach in the south . In the east Gerresheim borders the city of Erkrath in the Mettmann district .

climate

Rainfall in Gerresheim

The climate in Gerresheim is essentially the same as in the Düsseldorf area. It is shaped by the ocean, with frequent northerly and westerly wind currents, which carry humid air masses, but which rain more frequently on the foothills of the mountain ranges than is the case in the rest of the city. The long-term average rainfall in Gerresheim is 832 mm per year, well above the average of 770 mm per year measured for the entire city area. Due to the location on the edge of a metropolitan area, a loose development and the embedding in green areas and forests on three sides, the place has a village climate . This and the slightly higher location as well as easterly downward winds ensure overall slightly lower temperatures than in other areas of the city. In summer this leads to more pleasant night temperatures and in winter to more frequent snowfalls.

Geology and natural classification

The Pillebach in Gerresheim

Like the entire Lower Rhine Bay , Gerresheim was part of a sea for many millions of years, as the Sandberg (also called Hardenberg) in the south of the town reminds of. In the Tertiary the sea withdrew, while the Rhine initially formed a delta here and later dug its current river bed.

Entrance of the Gerresheim forest

Gerresheim is located directly below the Gerresheimer Heights , which there form the edge of the high terrace of the Rhine. In this transition zone from the middle to the high terrace , the area is very lively, in contrast to large parts of the Düsseldorf city area. The lowest point of Gerresheim is in the west at 42  m , the highest on the eastern ridge at 114  m and the historic town center itself at around 64  m . On the Torfbruchstrasse, the transition from the plain to the heights is abruptly visible in the form of a clear edge of the terrain. The Pillebach , a tributary of the northern Düssel , which, coming from Erkrath , flows through Gerresheim in the west, flows east of the town center below the ridge from north to south . The runoff of precipitation from the plateaus as well as a high groundwater level (strata water ) led to the creation of extensive swampy terrain in this area, which was largely drained over centuries.

history

From the origins to the city elevation

The Quadenhof around 1840, pen drawing by Caspar Scheuren

The first evidence of human settlement in the Gerresheim area comes from the Neolithic Age . In the north of Gerresheim as well as in the area Unter den Eichen and Dreherstrasse, grave fields from the older Iron Age and on Quadenhofstrasse settlement ceramics from the 1st century BC were found. Found. The remains of a Germanic cremation grave with Roman ceramics as an addition date from Roman times .

The first recorded event is the establishment of a women's monastery in the last third of the 9th century by the Franconian aristocrat Gerrich on his estate in the Pillebachtal. This year is mostly seen as the year the town was founded.

According to a document dated August 13, 882, a church was already in place at the end of the 9th century. In this document, a family in “Gerricheshaim” committed to “ wax interest ” and “ Kurmede ” for the church consecrated to St. Hypolit .

Further documents from the early 10th century suggest that Gerresheim was an ecclesiastical and cultural center from an early age. The establishment was followed by peaceful decades of continuous expansion. Gerresheim was spared from the Norman raids at the end of the 9th century. During the Hungarian invasions , a small force of Magyars set fire to the monastery in 919 and almost completely destroyed it. The male residents were killed or kidnapped as hostages and the residents of the monastery fled.

After the attack, the destroyed properties were rebuilt and over time a place with a market square developed around the monastery. Gerresheim was already a place with privileges at the end of the 10th century. On the 12th Easter month (April) 976, Emperor Otto II confirmed to the women's monastery the right to collect customs duties in Gerresheim. Emperor Heinrich II confirmed this customs law again on the 11th Heumonth (July) 1019.

At the beginning of the 13th century the construction of a large new collegiate church began. It was presumably inaugurated in 1236, today's Basilica of St. Margaret . To the south of it, on Gerricusplatz, stood the much smaller parish church from 1142. A bailiff was responsible for the administration and external representation . It is possible that the Vogt Adolf named in 1056 was identical to the Vogt of the same name of the Werden monastery , Adolf von Berg . The first stone house was mentioned in 1298. Administratively, the place belonged to the Mettmann office founded in 1363 .

Gerresheimer Women's Foundation

As already mentioned, the monastery was founded in the second half of the 9th century by the nobleman "Gerrich". According to several historians, including Hugo Weidenhaupt , the foundation was confirmed at the Cologne Synod in September 870. In a document from 874, Gerrich's daughter, Abbess Regenbierg, confirmed a foundation in Gerresheim by her father and donated her inheritance to the monastery .

The Gerresheimer Stift is one of the oldest canonical monasteries in the Archdiocese of Cologne . The first direct mention of the monastery in a document does not come from the years 905/906.

During the attack by the Hungarians in 919, the buildings of the monastery were largely destroyed, but the abbess and the canonesses were able to escape in time. The relics of the patron saint, Saint Hippolytus, were taken away during the escape to the St. Ursula monastery in Cologne . Only over a thousand years later, in 1953, did the remains of the patron saint return to Gerresheim.

Agnes von Mansfeld-Eisleben , Canon of the Gerresheim Monastery

The reconstruction of the destroyed buildings of the monastery took place in the second half of the 10th century. In 970 the Archbishop of Cologne, Gero , consecrated a new church. In 976, Emperor Otto II confirmed this newly built collegiate church its right to levy customs duties.

Through the transfer of benefices and inheritances, the monastery developed into a wealthy institution in the first centuries of its existence. Under Abbess Gertrud (1208 to 1215) the monastery had 27 canonesses. At the same time, the monastery owned extensive property with many estates and farms. In a list from 1218, under 12 “main courtyards” many sub-courtyards were listed. In addition to the farms, the property also owned 7 mills, but almost all of them were leased.

The main courtyard of Dern, which was located in the Gerresheim area, was the seat of the “court treatment and feudal court”. Originally this court had to meet three times a year under the chairmanship of the bailiff of the foundation and with the participation of the delegates from the 11 other main courts. At these meetings, all open questions and the fees and loan payments of the individual farms were clarified. However, in the course of time the importance of this "feudal court" became less and less. For example, in the 16th century the court only met once a year with significantly reduced competences.

How far the courtyards were distributed in the Lower Rhine area is documented by the main courtyards . In addition to the main courtyard Dern in the Gerresheim area, there were 11 other main courtyards: 2. Hubbelrath, 3. Erkrath (Hof de Monte), 4. Hoesel (Hof Masshof), 5. Sonnborn / Wupper, 6. Eppinghofen / Erft, 7. Keldenich / Brühl, 8th Rheinheim I (Mündelheim), 9th Gyverthem (Nonnighoven near Dinslaken), 10th Viehof (Gerresheim), 11th Mintard (Hof Neden) and 12th Rheinheim II. Except for the main courtyards "Viehof" and "Rheinheim II . ”, Which were individual courtyards, were subordinate to the other main courtyards in part up to well over 20 sub-courtyards. For example, the main courtyard Dern had 65 courtyards in today's greater Düsseldorf area in 1218. When the monastery property was divided, the monastery was assigned the main courtyards 1 to 9 and the abbess 10 to 12.

Due to the many benefices and inheritances, the monastery had a high income until the end of the 15th century. A large amount of cash that existed in 1466 was paid out to the city treasury of Gerresheim, and all services and taxes to the city were released for this.

From the middle of the 16th century, the general conditions for religious institutions were generally unfavorable as a result of the Reformation. This also affected the women's pen with significantly fewer inmates and a noticeably deteriorating financial situation. The facilities of the monastery were badly damaged by fires in 1550, 1568 and 1751, which also claimed the foundation's assets. While after the first two fires the construction took place quickly after the fire, this was no longer possible for financial reasons in 1751, as the monastery’s assets were no longer sufficient for this. Only with the help of Archbishop Friedrich von Köln , who ordered temporary collections in favor of the monastery, could the necessary capital for the reconstruction be raised through church donations.

After the secularization of 1803 in the German Empire, the order to dissolve the monastery was issued in 1805, which was carried out on March 23, 1806 during the " French era ".

From the city elevation to the end of the 18th century

In 1368 the Counts von Berg referred to themselves as the hereditary bailiffs of Gerresheim. On March 5th of the same year the village of Gerresheim was raised to freedom by the Counts of Berg . However, the rights granted were similar to those of other Bergisch cities, so that Gerresheim was de facto a city. This is also evident from the privileges that Gerresheim was granted. In some respects these were better than those of Düsseldorf and Ratingen. For example, citizens are allowed to vote for their mayor directly without the sovereign being able to intervene. Furthermore, the place was allowed to levy charges for special measures at its own discretion. No other city or freedom in the Bergisches Land had this right. From 1390 a full magistrate existed and a semicircular city wall was built. In the east one felt protected by the swamps. In addition , the Quadenhof , also called Haus zu Walde , was the fortified castle of the bailiffs, which was built by Godert von Broichhausen from 1423 to 1437 with the help and approval of the Duke von Berg .

With the city elevation, the mayor's court became a city court that had to seek consultation in Ratingen . In 1435 the judge of the Mettmann office became chairman of the Gerresheimer jury court. In 1481 the jurisdiction of the court was divided. There was a city court for the actual city as well as a regional court, which was responsible for the honors Hubbelrath , Morp, Eller , Vennhausen and Ludenberg. In 1570 the regional courts of Gerresheim and Erkrath were combined.

In 1451 four city gates were named. Since 1465, the Katharinenberg Franciscan monastery has been a second spiritual institution. Around 1500 Gerresheim had 500 inhabitants and was an important market place. The use of the Gerresheimer measure as a measure of measure in large parts of the Bergisches Land from the 12th to the 18th century speaks for the importance of the place . Whether Gerresheim was a mint can not be clarified, despite the discovery of a 14th century Turnose with the inscription "moneta gerishem" due to a lack of other sources.

The 16th century heralded the decline of Gerresheim. In 1568 there was a devastating fire in which the town hall, the building of the monastery, the Katharinenkloster, two city towers, 22 houses and eleven barns were destroyed. In 1586 Gerresheim was drawn into the turmoil of the Truchsessian War . On April 6th, Truchsessian soldiers succeeded in crossing the protective swamps by building a dam. The city and the monastery were looted on Easter Monday night. The Protestant faith was then banned in Gerresheim. In 1605 there was another major fire in the city. In the Thirty Years' War Protestant troops again attacked the city, in 1624 the Brandenburgers and in 1635 the Swedes. As a result, the Catholic tradition in Gerresheim was consolidated again.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the lower nobility moved into the Gerresheimer Stift, whose importance declined. The city became impoverished and subsequently became economically and politically meaningless. When Erich Philipp Ploennies wrote his Topographia Ducatus Montani of the Duchy of Berg in 1715 , when describing Gerresheim he stated: “This Orth was previously very large, just as you can see from the same curtain wall before izo ab are in town most of the houses are gardens within imaginary walls ”and he described Gerresheim as“ very small and small ”.

In addition to the main reason for the decline of the city, the reduced number of inhabitants as a result of the economic decline, another was an agreement made in 1466 between the monastery and the city. At that time the monastery had bought itself free of all future services and taxes for the city by paying 100 gold guilders to the city treasury. Since these missing payments from the city's monastery increasingly reduced the payments that could be collected, a lawsuit was brought against the monastery in the middle of the 17th century to revise this agreement. After two judgments in 1651 and 1659, which did not end the dispute, an amicable settlement between the two opponents was reached on June 26, 1685.

In the years 1736 to 1738 the place became known nationwide again when the last witch trial took place there after a 200-year break on the Lower Rhine. 14-year-old Helena Curtens and her 46-year-old neighbor Agnes Olmanns were accused of witchcraft. The investigations were conducted by the Gerresheim magistrate Johann Sigismund Schwarz. The two women were found guilty of witchcraft and were burned in public on August 19, 1738 in Gerresheim.

The increasing decline of Gerresheim also meant that after the middle of the 18th century, the place was difficult to reach due to very poor road conditions. A main connecting road, the old country road from Cologne via Gerresheim to Ratingen, became more and more boggy in parts of the Aaper forest. The connection to Düsseldorf didn't look much better. When a new paved road from Düsseldorf to Elberfeld was built towards the end of the 18th century, it was supposed to lead via Gerresheim. Due to the objection of the women's monastery, this feared harassment through the use of the troops, this street (currently: the B7) was led via Grafenberg instead of Gerresheim and the poor connection to the place remained.

From the 19th century to the incorporation

Former monastery Katharinenberg, today the seat of the district administration office of the city district 7

In 1803, as part of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss conclusion, the Kanonissenstift was repealed. The final closure of the monastery did not take place until 1806. In 1810, the parish church was left to the community for the holding of the parish church service against payment, as the parish church south of the church had become dilapidated and had to be demolished. Gerresheim owes the preservation of its landmark to this circumstance and the efforts of the last abbess Countess von Schönau. The high altar of the monastery is now in the Catholic parish church of St. Peter in Kettwig .

With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Berg on March 15, 1806, the city's membership of the Mettmann Office also ended. Gerresheim received a French Mairie constitution and belonged to the Mettmann Canton. Numerous neighboring towns, including Erkrath, Unterbach, Ludenberg and Vennhausen, were like Gerresheim in the Mettmann canton. In 1809 the new community had 2,700 inhabitants, including 869 in Gerresheim itself. From 1815 the city of Gerresheim belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia and on May 1, 1816 it was incorporated into the newly founded district of Düsseldorf .

The Katharinenberg monastery survived the secularization and existed until 1834. The monastery buildings became the nucleus of Gerresheim's industrial development. First Emil von Gahlen set up his wire pen factory there in buildings on the site of the monastery. A few years later he was followed by Ignaz Dreher, who moved his business from Dammermühle in the south of the city to the center at the corner of Gräulinger and Gerricusstraße. From 1838 the Düsseldorf-Elberfelder Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft built its route across the municipality and the city received a train station. The March Revolution initially passed Gerresheim by. However, there was a radical democratic movement in the area, which was led by the Gerresheim doctor Peter Joseph Neunzig . On October 18, 1848, a group of 800 demonstrators moved from Düsseldorf to Gerresheim. Under red and black, red and gold flags, a mass rally took place in front of St. Margareta with 5000 participants and the call for the "red republic". The most famous speaker was Ferdinand Lassalle , who led the demonstration march together with his lover Sophie von Hatzfeldt in an open car. At that time there were around 300 jobs in various metal processing companies in Gerresheim. Several large brickworks had settled in the north of the city. The development into an industrial city with a self-confident workforce began in 1864 when the Bremen entrepreneur Ferdinand Heye founded the Gerresheimer Glashütte , which made Gerresheim world famous. As early as 1890, the Gerresheimer Glashütte was the largest glassworks in the world with 1200 employees.

From incorporation in 1909 to the present

The glassworks in April 2008 before dismantling
Gerresheim, bunker and site of the former glassworks, March 2011

Gerresheim was not incorporated into Düsseldorf until 1909. Düsseldorf was primarily interested in the economically successful glassworks, while the city of Gerresheim itself was too weak financially to continue to exist independently of Düsseldorf. Gerresheim has been supplied with water and electricity from Düsseldorf since the 1880s. The connection to public transport was only possible with support from Düsseldorf. On October 11, 1913, the first branch of the Düsseldorf city libraries opened at the Unter den Eichen school in one of the new parts of the city.

In the Weimar Republic , Gerresheim, especially the Hüttenviertel, was a stronghold of the KPD, which achieved election results between 64.5 and 77.5 percent. Even in the Reichstag election on March 5, 1933 , the already banned KPD in Unter-Gerresheim received 37 percent of the vote. The Nazis retaliated on May 5 with the “Gerresheim raid”, when more than 3000 men from SA, SS, police, steel helmets, fire brigade and building authorities attacked the Hüttenviertel. Nazi opponents were mistreated and between 50 and 280 prisoners were taken to the police headquarters on Mühlenstrasse. In a bombing raid on November 2, 1944, over 30 people died when they left a shelter after having given the all-clear too early. The Rosenbaum restaurant in the center of Gerresheim and several residential buildings on Gräulinger Strasse were hit by bombs. Overall, the district survived the bombing of the Second World War largely undestroyed. After the end of the war, this led to a large influx of people from other areas of Düsseldorf.

The Gerresheim municipal high school for boys was founded in 1947 and the Marie Curie high school for girls followed in 1950 . In 1959, the Gerresheim grammar school moved to a newly built school complex on Am Poth street. In 1960 the glassworks reached its economic peak with 10,000 employees and generous dividends . During this time, the company was financially involved in the district. From 1966 to 1970, the remains of the old monastery building were restored as a monument. In 1970 Gerresheim's 1100th anniversary was celebrated. In the same year, the Marie-Curie-Gymnasium received a new building on Gräulinger Strasse next to the fire station established in 1966. In 1971 a large hospital was inaugurated, also on Gräulinger Straße, and a bathing establishment was set up on Märkische Straße. The last vacant lots were closed on Benderstrasse in the 1970s. In 1974 extensive renovation work began on the collegiate church that lasted until 1985, which had become necessary due to static problems. In the 1980s, numerous buildings around Gerricusplatz were renovated. The redevelopment of the town center, which took place from 1989 to 1994, brought Gerresheim a new bypass road and a pedestrian zone. The tram was led around the old town center, along the former city wall. Also in the 1990s, a new residential area was built along Bergische Landstrasse, the Heinrich-Könn-Siedlung . The last vacant lots in this area were closed in 2009.

In September 2002, the Gerresheimer hospital was connected to the tram network with the construction of a 1.1 kilometer long and 18.4 million euro route. After mistakes in management, overproduction and falling prices, the last kilns were shut down after 141 years after the sale to the world's largest glass packaging manufacturer Owens-Illinois on August 31, 2005 and the glassworks closed. At the end of 2008, the development of the Am Quellenbusch site began with the construction of one of the largest new residential areas in Düsseldorf. In March 2009, the demolition of production facilities on the former glassworks site began. In January 2012 it was announced that 2/3 of the 300,000 m² site had been sold to the Augsburg property developer Patrizia . The city of Düsseldorf took over 100,000 m². From autumn 2012, Patrizia began to secure existing industrial monuments and to renovate the soil on the site, which is to be used primarily for residential use and marketed under the name Glasmacherviertel .

On July 2, 2017, the 2nd stage of the Tour de France led over around four kilometers through the town.

Coat of arms and seal

Seal of the city of Gerresheim, shown here as a coat of arms

The coat of arms of the former city of Gerresheim shows in a split shield in front in silver a blue-tongued, red, soaring, two-tailed Bergisch lion with a golden crown, in the back three golden stars in blue. The double-tailed Bergisch lion is the symbol of the Counts of Berg, Gerresheim's former protecting power, and can be found in numerous coats of arms in the area. The meaning of the three gold stars is not certain. They possibly stand for the patron saints of the first collegiate church: Salvator (Christ), Mother of God (Mary) and St. Hippolytus.

The Gerresheimer Stadtsiegel was used unchanged from 1393 to 1684, then with minor deviations until 1813. The seal shows a city wall in the foreground, which leads to a large gate in the middle. Since the pen was of outstanding importance for the city, the seal engraver included the monastery church in the seal. The church is flanked by two buildings, the town hall and Gerresheim's second church, the city church of St. Margareta, which stood on today's Gerricusplatz. The city coat of arms can be seen at the top left, as previously described. The inscription around the aforementioned cityscape reads: Sigillum oppidanorum in Gerishem (seal of the citizens in Gerresheim).

The coat of arms and seal of the city of Gerresheim fell out of use as part of the dissolution of the Duchy of Berg and were replaced by the Prussian eagle . Only at the end of the 19th century, shortly before the incorporation into Düsseldorf, did the mayor Otto Bender think about the old coat of arms. Historically incorrect, five-pointed stars were depicted and the Bergische replaced by a Jülich lion. According to Otto Hupp, either the coat of arms with the city view or the coat of arms shield without the city view are correct , as described at the beginning of this section.

population

Population development

year population reference
1350 400
1500 500
1797 600
1809 869
1816 841
1828 1072
1900 11,500
1909 15,556
1939 31,613
1947 40,000
1948 36,515
1970 30,307
1984 26,371
2000 27,877
2007 28,213
2008 28.117
2009 28,015
2010 28.003
2011 27,969
2012 28,089
2016 29,585

Even after the incorporation into Düsseldorf, the population of Gerresheim rose steadily, with a high point after the Second World War. The reason was the strong influx from other parts of the city into the largely undamaged place. From the 1960s the population sank again to below 30,000 inhabitants with a low point in 1984. Since the mid-1980s the population has increased slightly and has stagnated at around 28,000 inhabitants since the early 1990s. A planned new development area in the south of the district and the densification of the development are expected to increase the population by around 3,000 people by 2020. The average age at the end of 2007 was 43 years and 11 months, nine months above the urban average. At 52.9%, the proportion of female residents was slightly higher than for the city as a whole. The proportion of foreign citizens was 11.7% in 2006 and thus well below the urban average of 17.1%. The unemployment rate was 15.98%.

Italian immigration

Unter-Gerresheim is characterized by immigrants from southern Italy who were recruited by the glassworks in the 1950s and 60s. The fourth generation of former guest worker families who have made their home in Gerresheim now live there. Around 900 Gerresheimers have Italian citizenship. Numerous Italian restaurants, bars, pizzerias, ice cream parlors and delicatessen shops in a density that is otherwise not available in Düsseldorf have given the streets around Heyestrasse the nickname Little Italy .

Development, structure and description of the district

Gerresheim was independent until 1909 and has retained the character of an independent small town. The undeveloped edges of the terrain, forest areas, the swampy floodplains of the Düssel, two railway lines and the Gerresheimer Glashütte in the south create a demarcation from the neighboring districts. Gerresheim can be roughly divided into three areas, which differ greatly in their historical and urban development.

Alt-Gerresheim / Ober-Gerresheim

Flachsmarkt and the street leading to the “Kölner Tor” of the former city wall
Art Nouveau houses on Sonnbornstrasse

The traffic-calmed historic town center with several half-timbered houses is located around the former collegiate church of Sankt Margareta . The former main streets of the village, Kölner and Neusser Tor, are now largely pedestrian zones.

Ring kiln of the former Sassen brickworks

Starting from the historic town center, Alt-Gerresheim initially developed along the arteries. Benderstraße plays a special role as the main shopping street in Upper Gerresheim. To the north of Benderstrasse are larger residential areas with row house settlements from the early 1920s. Apartment buildings are only represented sporadically. There are also some streets with single-family houses from the 1950s and 1960s. From the beginning of the 1990s, the Heinrich-Könn-Straße residential area was developed, where various forms of living such as social housing, modern townhouses and classic single-family houses as well as a small eco-settlement were realized in close proximity to each other. To the south of Benderstraße is the residential area Auf der Hardt , which is named after the hill of the same name and on the eastern slope of which the streets run. This area is one of the best residential areas in Düsseldorf. There are numerous buildings from before the First World War along Sonnborn, Iken and Lakronstraße. These are mostly well-preserved double or single houses of the bourgeoisie of the time with generous Art Nouveau architecture. Large front gardens and tree-lined streets are characteristic. In the actual town center, however, many houses are built from reddish or yellowish bricks , or clinkered with them . These bricks come from the brick factories in the north of the village at the wildlife park , of which only the ring kiln of the Sassen brickworks survived as an industrial monument. There are also other streets with row houses from the same age group. In Alt-Gerresheim there is the district town hall of district 7 , a hospital and two high schools.

Hüttenviertel / Unter-Gerresheim

Listed workers' houses on the corner of Heye and Morper Strasse
Evangelical Gustav Adolf Church
Master settlement of the Gerresheimer Glashütte

Near the glassworks and the Gerresheim train station in the south of Gerresheim, about two kilometers from the old town center, a new settlement with workers' apartments was built in the mid-1860s. This working class town was not only geographically separated from Alt-Gerresheim, but also formed a religious and sociological contrast to the originally bourgeois Catholic population. In Unter-Gerresheim the population mostly consisted of Protestant immigrants from all over Germany and the Baltic States . A language of its own developed, the Hötter Platt . The sociological dividing line between bourgeois old Gerresheim and the Hüttenviertel ran historically at the level of the former local court and in part still exists today.

Heyestrasse, which leads from the train station to Alt-Gerresheim, is the shopping street of the lower Gerresheim in its southern area. To the east of Heyestrasse, around the Protestant Gustav Adolf Church, there is a small Wilhelminian style district with apartment buildings. Further south on Heyestrasse are the company apartments of the glassworks in the form of terraced houses with kitchen gardens. These workers' settlements are largely listed. Unter-Gerresheim is visually characterized by the now disused glassworks. In 2008, several workshop procedures and citizen surveys were carried out to reschedule the 31.5 hectare factory site. The final use and development has not yet been determined. In March 2009 the demolition of the facilities began. However, individual buildings are to be preserved and have been placed under monument protection. The eight-story bunker, which was built by French prisoners of war on the site of the Heyepark in 1942/43, is striking. It is clad with light and dark brown trapezoidal sheets and has a large silver-colored Düsseldorf city coat of arms.

The Hüttenviertel itself is traditionally divided into individual quarters by the residents. The old settlement names such as Auf der Insel , Auf der Nachtigall or Neustadt are still common. The political direction united large parts of the Gerresheimer workforce and the KPD was the dominant force until the Nazi regime. The DKP still plays a special role in Gerresheim's local politics and, thanks to the voters of the Hüttenviertel, was regularly represented in the otherwise bourgeois-dominated district council of 07 district until 2009.

South of the glassworks, on the other side of the Düsseldorf – Wuppertal railway line , is the architecturally remarkable master or castle courtyard settlement . When they were built between 1904 and 1906, these company apartments, built based on the ideas of Hermann Heye, were praised as exemplary. The two-storey complex has a square layout and is accessible through an archway that leads into a spacious inner courtyard and is reminiscent of a castle-like complex. The alternation of half-timbered buildings and facades structured by brick and white plaster with receding entrance areas and playful gables as well as bricks shaped like a dragon's head reinforce this impression. This residential area, which was designed for the managers of the Glashütte, was listed in 1982 as a special example of the development of the living conditions of workers in the Düsseldorf area in the category of residential and residential buildings / workers' housing developments.

Torfbruchstrasse, Dreherstrasse and Quellenbusch

The area between Torfbruchstrasse and the Eller - Rath freight railway is located southwest of the edge of the site. In contrast to Ober- and Unter-Gerresheim, the development of this area of ​​the district merges seamlessly into the neighboring districts in some places. On Torfbruchstrasse, multi-storey apartment buildings predominate, predominantly from the post-war period. In the west, on the border with Flingern, there are larger housing estates and various allotment garden colonies. Here the development is rather loosened up. Large areas in this part of Gerresheim were not built on until the 1980s. Since the beginning of 2008 , one of the largest new development areas in Düsseldorf has been located on Torfbruchstrasse in a 12.8 hectare site called Auf dem Quellenbusch . The first buildings and streets were completed at the end of 2008. A total of 500 apartment buildings and 310 single-family houses are to be built there.

Attractions

Saint Margaret's Basilica

St. Margareta as seen from Gerricusplatz

The largest attraction and a landmark of Gerresheim that can be seen from afar is the Catholic Basilica of St. Margareta. The Romanesque-Gothic collegiate church of the Canon Monastery was consecrated in 1236 by St. Hippolytus as its patron and was named "Monasterium Santi Hippolyti". It is located on the site of a previous Hohenstaufen building and has a rich interior. The building is colored, as is often found in the Rhenish Romanesque. Every year since 1598 there has been a blood procession to worship a blood relic, which is said to contain the earth from Mount Golgotha ​​mixed with Christ's blood. Saint Margareta was elevated to a papal basilica minor in 1982 by Pope John Paul II .

Treasury of the collegiate church and collegiate building

Cloister of the former monastery building

The Hidda Codex , an Ottonian gospel book from the 11th century, is of particular importance . Among the other exhibits of sacred art, the crucifix from the 10th century should be mentioned in particular. This was probably given to the community by the Archbishop of Cologne in 970 for the inauguration of the new church. This makes it the oldest preserved high cross in Europe alongside the Gerokreuz in Cologne . The restored Romanesque cloister of the monastery building from the 13th century, the monastery hall with a wall map of the extensive former possessions of the monastery and the inner courtyard are worth seeing .

Gerricusplatz

The rectangular and spacious Gerricusplatz is dominated in the north by the basilica. There are trees on the other three sides. Around the square there are some half-timbered houses that date from the 17th and 19th centuries. The eastern side is formed by a stone building and half-timbered buildings from the baroque era. Behind a narrow passage is the Quadenhof , a typical water castle in brick construction (as in Westphalia), which in its current form dates from the early 15th century. The former moated castle used to be the residence of the castle bailiff, who was also the patron of the monastery. The castle was supposed to secure the small town to the east, where no city wall could be built due to the swampy soil conditions. Gerricusplatz is used for various events, such as the Christmas market. At the southern end of the square is the bronze stele of the Heimatbrunnen created by Karl-Heinz Klein, which shows scenes from Gerresheimer's history. On June 12, 2010, the fountain was supplemented by six additional brass panels on the edge of the fountain on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the community and local community, which donated the fountain in 1973.

Other sights

The 300-year-old Kanonikerhaus is located at Neusser Tor , a half-timbered house that the architect Aloys Odenthal had originally restored by Meinhard Sucker in the mid-1990s. At one point in the framework, a pane of glass was inserted through which the construction method and the materials used become visible. Until April 2007 there was a gourmet restaurant in the building so that an inside tour was possible. Since then, the house has been used for office purposes and is no longer open to the public.

Blood chapel

The Evangelical Gustav Adolf Church was built by Ferdinand Heye in 1878 as part of the social facilities of the glassworks . The background was the fact that numerous immigrant workers belonged to the Protestant faith in the otherwise strictly Catholic Gerresheim. The church, built in neo-Romanesque style, is located on Heyestrasse, embedded in a small park and surrounded by a Wilhelminian style ensemble with a primary school and community hall. Opposite the Protestant church is the blood chapel , which was built in 1725 to replace an older building. Since 1598 this place has been the destination of the Gerresheim blood procession. According to tradition, the original chapel was built by a knight from Eller, who brought a relic of the Holy Blood from a crusade .

The last witch trial on the Lower Rhine took place in Gerresheim in 1738 . A memorial stone designed by Gabriele Tefke in a small square on the corner of Dreherstrasse and Schönaustrasse, opposite the old cemetery, commemorates Helene M. Curtens and Agnes Olmanns, who were burned on August 19, 1738. The event is also remembered at the Heimatbrunnen on Gerricusplatz.

The Gerresheimer Waldfriedhof , laid out in 1906, is the third largest cemetery in Düsseldorf and is particularly worth seeing because of its location on the slope of the Gerresheimer Heights and the forest. The old Gerresheimer Friedhof on Dreherstrasse is now a small park with a children's playground. The adjoining Jewish cemetery of the Adass Yisroel community on Mansfeldstrasse, which is in a poor state of preservation, is not open to the public. It is the burial site of the small Jewish community in Gerresheim that presumably existed before 1800, but has only been attested since 1809. Between 1809 and 1872 the number of Jewish residents increased from 29 to 52 people. With the incorporation in 1909, the Jewish residents of Gerresheim were assigned to the Düsseldorf synagogue community. (See also: Synagogue (Gerresheim) )

Sport, culture and leisure

Sports

The DJK Sportfreunde Gerresheim 1923 eV , the TV Grafenberg 1888 eV , the TuS Gerresheim , the Düsseldorfer Sport-Club 1899 eV , the Gerresheimer Turnverein and the Tennis Club Gerresheim provide a wide range of sports. In the meantime, there was also FC Gerresheim, which dissolved in mid-2006. The HSG Gerresheim 04 is the handball community formed since 2004 from the handball departments of the clubs TuS Gerresheim, Sportfreunde Gerresheim and TV Torfbruch.

The chess friends Gerresheim were founded in 1986 and developed over the years into one of the most successful chess clubs of the capital. With around 120 members, the chess friends are one of the largest chess clubs in Germany. The greatest sporting success so far has been promotion to the 2nd Bundesliga in 2005.

Gerresheim has a modern quadruple sports hall at the Marie-Curie-Gymnasium and several sports fields. The largest privately operated sports center in Düsseldorf is located on Diepenstrasse and offers a wide range of activities such as bowling, climbing, indoor soccer and billiards in addition to fitness, squash and tennis.

Customs and local history

The St. Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaft Gerresheim 1427 eV is a community of Gerresheimer rifle societies with many traditional associations, including the Kaiser Friedrich 1898 Society and the 1st Hohenzollern Company 1907 Gerresheim . A fair is held once a year.

The KG Gerresheimer Bürgerwehr 1956 eV is one of the largest carnival societies in Düsseldorf. It is registered with the Bund Deutscher Karneval as a corps, due to the historical uniforms and vehicles, such as covered wagons, "Feldt" pharmacy and cannon. Every year she takes part in the Düsseldorf Rose Monday Parade. Since 1976, the largest Veedelszoch in Düsseldorf has been taking place on Carnival Sunday with up to 50,000 visitors in Gerresheim.

The Gerresheim Citizens' Association and Heimatverein 1950 researches local history and culture and helps shape the development of the place through citizen forums.

The Gerresheimer Mädchen are a homeland association founded in 1973 that takes care of traditional customs and social engagement and is known beyond the district for its annual dance in May.

In January 2008 the Förderkreis Industriepfad Düsseldorf-Gerresheim eV was founded under the chairmanship of Niklaus Fritschi . This association is committed to the preservation of historical industrial monuments (e.g. ring furnace and glassworks). The core project is the construction of an industrial path from the last surviving Düsseldorf brick kiln on Bergische Landstrasse to the listed buildings of the Gerresheimer Glashütte, which was closed in 2004, and to the only Düsseldorf train station that still exists today from the time of the first West German railway line opened in 1838. There are information pillars at the planned 20 stations. The current chairman is Franz Nawrath, sales and marketing manager in a software house for the steel industry.

Social

Bürgerhilfe Gerresheim , founded in 1989, takes care of youth and elderly care as well as social problems. The association, which has 400 members, including the former Mayor of Düsseldorf Dirk Elbers , is involved in Grafenberg, Ludenberg and Hubbelrath beyond the district.

leisure

Gerresheim is bordered in the north and east by forests, which have extensive walking and hiking trails. Numerous attractions such as the wildlife park , the racetrack, various beer gardens or riding stables are located in the neighboring districts, but can be easily reached from Gerresheim on foot or by bike. Numerous gastronomic establishments have settled around the Kölner Tor, which use the pedestrian zone as a large terrace when the weather is good.

A Christmas market and a wine festival in autumn take place regularly in Gerresheim.

Economy, infrastructure and public institutions

economy

With the closure of the glassworks, the district lost its last industrial operation and at the same time its largest employer. The economy today is characterized by retail, gastronomy and handicrafts. Since the shops in Gerresheim offer a wide range, customers from neighboring districts are also attracted. Benderstraße is especially popular as a shopping street. Big local employers are the hospital operated by Sana Kliniken AG and a branch of the Bauhaus chain , which with 28,000 m² of sales area is one of the largest hardware stores in Europe.

Hospitals

The LVR clinic on Bergische Landstrasse, which has been in use since 1882, is sponsored by the Rhineland Regional Council and serves as the psychiatric clinic of the Heinrich Heine University in Düsseldorf . 650 beds are available for a supraregional catchment area.

Gerresheim has had a hospital since 1971, which was originally run by the city. In 2007 the clinic was sold to Sana Kliniken AG , which has been operating the facility ever since. The house has twelve specialist departments and five medical centers, including one of nine breast centers in North Rhine-Westphalia. Child neurology , which has existed since 1979, is also organized as an interdisciplinary center. In May 2009 the supervisory board of Sana Kliniken decided to build a new building with 280 beds and 19,000 m² of usable space in Gerresheim. The foundation stone for the new building was laid on May 21, 2010, and completion at the end of July 2012.

telecommunications

To the east of the town center, at the highest point of the “Gerresheimer Heights” on Rotthäuser Weg, there is a 75 meter high telecommunications tower made of reinforced concrete. This tower served as a relay station for the A , B and C networks until the end of the 1990s . Today it mainly serves as a relay station for the Düsseldorf public transport company. Its telecommunications tasks were largely taken over by the Rheinturm, which was newly built in 1982 . The Antenne Düsseldorf program has been broadcast from here since 2018 .

Others

On Heyestrasse there is a facility for the open execution of the Düsseldorf correctional facility in the premises of the former Gerresheimer district court.

fire Department

The fire and rescue station 8 of the Düsseldorf professional fire brigade is stationed at Gräulinger Straße 27 .

traffic

Transportation

Gerresheim S-Bahn station in December 2006

Gerresheim has had a train station since 1838 . The stop was opened as part of the Düsseldorf - Erkrath connection of the Düsseldorf-Elberfelder Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft and is one of the oldest operating locations in Germany. The section is now part of the Düsseldorf – Wuppertal railway line . There are trains of the S 8 ( Hagen Hbf - Mönchengladbach Hbf ) and S 68 ( Wuppertal-Vohwinkel - Langenfeld (Rhineland) ) as well as the regional S 28 ( Mettmann Stadtwald - Kaarster See) of the S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr .

Furthermore, Ober- and Unter-Gerresheim are connected by the Rheinbahn AG tram line U 73 , the terminus of which is at Gerresheimer Bahnhof. The tram line 709 and light rail line U 83, which run in the Ludenberg area along the northern border of Gerresheim, connect the area around the Gerresheimer hospital to the city center. This gives the northern part of Gerresheim a very fast public connection to the city center.

The bus lines 724, 725, 733, 737, 738, 781, NE 4 and NE 5 also reach the town center. The Gerresheimer Bahnhof and Unter-Gerresheim are connected via the bus routes M1, 730, 734, 736, 737, 781 and NE 4.

Private transport

Gerresheim has a connection to the B 7 in the north of the district. Otherwise there are only minor urban roads. Dreherstrasse and Torfbruchstrasse are well developed as arterial roads. The Benderstrasse and Heyestrasse shopping streets do not have enough parking space. The through traffic from Erkrath and the neighboring districts occasionally leads to traffic jams in rush hour traffic. A further increase in private traffic is expected due to the new development areas on Torfbruchstrasse and Am Quellenbusch. Against this background, the city of Düsseldorf has been planning a southern bypass and a relief road towards the city center since the beginning of 2000 along the S-Bahn route. The first construction phase was created in 2001 with the construction of a new bridge over the S-Bahn line. These plans were concretized in the traffic development plan of 2006 in the form of an expansion of the L 404, starting at Vennhauser Allee / Rothenbergstrasse through the inner-city area to the inner-city ring ( B 8 ). The name of the new four-lane road is Gerresheim bypass (L 404n). Further work was delayed due to the cessation of production at the glassworks in 2004 and the possible over-planning of the factory premises. In Gerresheim and the other affected districts of Unterbach, Lierenfeld and Flingern Süd, various citizens' initiatives have formed against the construction of this four-lane relief road, which was decided by a majority of the council. Opponents fear that the new road could take on the character of a motorway feeder to the A 46 and, at the same time, would have a separating effect in the district. To this end, the city initiated an expert assessment procedure at the beginning of May 2010.

education

Waldorf School on Diepenstrasse

Gerresheim has a wide range of schools, which are also aimed at the neighboring districts. In 2006, a total of 3281 pupils were registered at the ten municipal schools. This makes Gerresheim the district with the most students in Düsseldorf after Benrath .

There are four primary schools , including two denominational schools , one Catholic (Unter den Eichen) and one Protestant ( Hanna Zürndorfer School), and two community primary schools, the Ferdinand Heye School and the Aloys Odenthal School, which have been at the same time since 1964 is the oldest all-day primary school in Düsseldorf.

The two grammar schools, formerly separated by gender, now offer co-educational classes. The "Gymnasium Gerresheim am Poth" has its own school camp and a wheelhouse on the Unterbacher See . The focus is on natural sciences and foreign languages. The Marie-Curie-Gymnasium, on the other hand, is linguistically and artistically oriented.

Gerresheim has been a center for Waldorf education since 1979 . In 1983 the Rudolf Steiner School was built according to anthroposophical principles. Around 500 pupils in grades 1 to 13 are taught. The school has a professionally equipped concert hall which is used for public events as well as for school.

There are also three municipal special schools in the district, the Martin Luther King School, the Theodor Andresen School and the Franz Marc School .

Of national importance, the three institutions for hearing and speech impaired persons that are Kurt Schwitters -Schule (Rhenish school for speech impaired ) and the Gerricus -Schule (Rheinische special school with a program focusing on listening and communication Secondary 1) and the Johann-Heidsiek School ( Rheinische Förderschule with a special focus on hearing and communication primary level).

Realschulen can be found in the neighboring districts of Vennhausen and Flingern. There are no comprehensive schools in the immediate vicinity.

There are also technical schools for social and health systems and an adult education center run by the ASG . The urban Clara Schumann - music school offers a wide-ranging program of courses in Gerresheim.

Personalities

Mayor (of the former city of Gerresheim)

  • 1806 – October 1813: Josef Dominik Freiherr von Reiner
  • January 1814 – June 1814: Franz Josef Kempgens
  • June 1814 – March 1817: Franz Löhr
  • March 1817 – December 1822: Mathias Weißenfels
  • December 1822 – September 1849: Hermann Leven
  • January 1850 – November 1850: Rottländer, administrator of the mayor
  • December 1850 – January 1852: Ludwig Clasen, administrator of the mayor
  • January 1852 – April 1855: Felix Freiherr von Pelser-Berensberg
  • June 1855 – January 1865: Edmund van der Straeten
  • July 1865 – May 1869: Jacob Doetsch
  • December 1869 – May 1873: Franz Josef Wirtz
  • July 1873 – October 1877: Louis Ernst
  • February 1878 – May 1904: Otto Bender
  • October 1904 – March 1909: Carl Ludwig Willi Hennighausen

Honorary citizen (of the former city of Gerresheim)

Personalities who have worked on site

Klaus Allofs, best known contemporary Gerresheimer

Hiking trails

The following hiking trails start in or lead through Gerresheim

literature

  • Thomas Boller, Peter Stegt: Düsseldorf-Gerresheim . Sutton, Erfurt 2010, ISBN 978-3-86680-719-8 .
  • Thomas Boller, Peter Stegt: Düsseldorf-Gerresheim - new journey into the past . Sutton, Erfurt 2012, ISBN 978-3-95400-051-7 .
  • Karl-Heinz Bott: Gerresheim and its basilica - Festschrift for the 750th anniversary of the Gerresheimer Stiftskirche . Ed .: Stadtsparkasse Düsseldorf. 1986, p. 276 .
  • Gerresheim Citizens' Association and Homeland Association 1950: From the city to the district 100 years of Gerresheim near Düsseldorf . 1st edition. Düsseldorf 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-027550-0 .
  • Karl Bernd Heppe: Düsseldorf-Gerresheim [Rhine. Association for Monument Preservation u. Landscape protection] . 1st edition. Neusser Dr. u. Publ. In Komm, Neuss 1990, ISBN 3-88094-652-3 .
  • Bruno Kammann: Gerresheimer Glas: History of a World Company (1864-2000); a contribution to the economic, social and urban history of Düsseldorf . 1st edition. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2007, ISBN 978-3-89861-782-6 .
  • Michael Kaufmann: Glass, not a novel, experiments on the history of Untergerresheim . Schuster, Passau 2008, ISBN 978-3-940784-03-2 .
  • State capital Düsseldorf / District administration office 7 / Reminder and memorial site / City archive: things experienced and suffered. Gerresheim under National Socialism. Düsseldorf 1993.
  • This: 2nd improved edition Düsseldorf 1995.
  • Werner Skrentny: Tour 11: Through Gerresheim. In the kingdom of the glass king. In: Udohaben (ed.): Düsseldorf on foot . Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-87975-485-3 , p. 181-197 .
  • Werner Skrentny: In the kingdom of the glass king. In: Udohaben (ed.): Düsseldorf on foot . Essen 2009, ISBN 978-3-89861-564-8 , pp. 299-325 .
  • Peter Stegt: Who was Gerrich? The origins of Gerresheim in the context of politics, religion and the region . Nordhausen, ISBN 978-3-86945-935-6 .
  • Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Gerresheim 870-1970: Contributions to local and art history . 2nd Edition. Schwann, 1970, p. 224 .

Web links

Commons : Düsseldorf-Gerresheim  - Collection of images
Wikisource: Gerrißheim in the Topographia Westphaliae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Office for statistics and elections of the state capital Düsseldorf: Statistics for the district 071 - Gerresheim
  2. ↑ Altitude measurement through Google Earth
  3. ^ Karl Bernd Heppe: Rheinische Kunststätten Düsseldorf-Gerresheim, issue 350 . Rhenish Association for Monument Preservation and Landscape Protection, Cologne 1990, ISBN 3-88094-652-3 , p. 3.
  4. ↑ Thomas Ruppel: Prehistory and pre-Roman metal times in Hugo Weidenhaupt (ed.): Düsseldorf, history from the origins to the 20th century. Volume 1, Patmos, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-491-34221-X , p. 113f.
  5. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt: Brief history of the city of Düsseldorf . 9th edition. Triltsch, Düsseldorf 1993, ISBN 3-7998-0000-X , p. 18.
  6. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine and the Archbishopric of Cöln, document 73 , 1840, p. [54] 38. Online edition 2009 [1]
  7. ↑ Academic contributions to gülisch and Berg, Volume 3, 1781, in: Certificate V , p [227]. 8
  8. ↑ Academic contributions to gülisch and Berg, Volume 3, 1781, in: Certificate XI , p [235] 16th
  9. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt (ed.): Gerresheim 870–1970 contributions to local and art history . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1970, without ISBN, p. 16f.
  10. ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, document 68 , 1840, part 1, 779-1200, p. [50] 34. Online version
  11. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt (ed.): Gerresheim 870–1970 contributions to local and art history . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1970, without ISBN, p. 9.
  12. ↑ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, document 119 , 1840, part 1, 779–1200, p. [89] 73. Online version
  13. ^ Fahne, Anton, in: Die Fahnenburg and their picture gallery , 1873, p. [42] 32. Online version
  14. ↑ a b Fahne, Anton, in: Die Fahnenburg and their picture gallery , 1873, p. [23] 13. Online version
  15. ↑ Fahne, Anton, in: Die Fahnenburg and their picture gallery, chapter Stift Gerresheim , 1873, pp. [35 to 46] 25 to 36. Online version
  16. ↑ Fahne, Anton, in: Die Fahnenburg and their picture gallery, chapter Stift Gerresheim , 1873, p. [44] 34. Online version
  17. ↑ Fahne, Anton, in: Die Fahnenburg and their picture gallery, chapter Stift Gerresheim , 1873, p. [41] 31. Online version
  18. ↑ Fahne, Anton, in: Die Fahnenburg and their picture gallery , 1873, p. [40] 50. Online version
  19. ↑ Wisplinghoff, Erich. In: Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century . In: Chapter I. External history, the city (Gerresheim) . 1990, 2nd edition, Schwann 1988 Patmos Verlag, editor: Hugo Weidenhaupt, p. 351. ISBN 3-491-34221-X
  20. ↑ Wisplinghoff, Erich. In: Düsseldorf history from the origins to the 20th century . In: Chapter I. External history, the city (Gerresheim) . 1990, 2nd edition, Schwann 1988 Patmos Verlag, editor: Hugo Weidenhaupt, p. 353. ISBN 3-491-34221-X
  21. ^ Karl Heinz Bott (ed.), Stadt-Sparkasse Düsseldorf (ed.): Gerresheim and his basilica - commemorative publication for the 750th anniversary of the Gerresheimer collegiate church . Staats-Verlag, Wuppertal 1986, without ISBN, pp. 203-207.
  22. ^ Karl Heinz Bott (ed.), Stadt-Sparkasse Düsseldorf (ed.): Gerresheim and his basilica - commemorative publication for the 750th anniversary of the Gerresheimer collegiate church . Staats-Verlag, Wuppertal 1986, without ISBN, p. 34f.
  23. ↑ Fahne, Anton, in: Die Fahnenburg and their picture gallery, chapter Stift Gerresheim , 1873, p. [44] 34. Online version
  24. ^ Regional Association Rhineland: Rhenish History. Personalities: Helena Curtens . Retrieved February 11, 2011
  25. ↑ Fahne, Anton, in: Die Fahnenburg and their picture gallery, chapter Stift Gerresheim , 1873, p. [48] 38. Online version
  26. ↑ Fahne, Anton, in: Die Fahnenburg and their picture gallery, chapter Stift Gerresheim , 1873, p. [49] 39. Online version
  27. ^ Karl Heinz Bott (ed.), Stadt-Sparkasse Düsseldorf (ed.): Gerresheim and his basilica - commemorative publication for the 750th anniversary of the Gerresheimer collegiate church . Staats-Verlag, Wuppertal 1986, without ISBN, p. 40.
  28. ↑ Bormann and Daniels, in: Handbook of the laws proclaimed for the Royal Prussian Rhine Provinces ... / Third Department , 1841, Volume 6, Cologne, p. [17] 5. Online version
  29. ↑ Peter Henkel (Ed.): Industriepfad Düsseldorf-Gerresheim . Droste, Düsseldorf 2009, ISBN 978-37700-1318-0 , pp. 24-27.
  30. ^ Dietmar Niemann: The revolution of 1848/49 in Düsseldorf . Stadtarchiv Düsseldorf, 1993, ISBN 3-926490-02-0 , p. 167f.
  31. ↑ Peter Stegt: From the manor to the wealthy town. In: Bürger- und Heimatverein Gerresheim (Ed.): From the city to the district . Staats-Verlag, Wuppertal 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-027550-0 , p. 15.
  32. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt: Countess Sophie von Hatzfeldt . In: Hans Stöcker (Ed.): Between Anger and Schwarzbach . Rheinisch-Bergische Druckerei und Verlagsgesellschaft, Düsseldorf 1975, p. 68.
  33. ^ Bruno Kammann: Gerresheimer Glas, History of a World Company 1864–2000 . Klartext, Essen 2007, ISBN 978-3-89861-782-6 , p. 177.
  34. ↑ website of Patriza: glassmakers quarter Dusseldorf. Retrieved on February 15, 2013 ( Memento of the original from January 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.glasmacherviertel-duesseldorf.de
  35. ^ Website of the state capital Düsseldorf: Tour de France 2017, route of the 2nd stage. Retrieved July 4, 2017
  36. ^ Website of the Gerresheim Citizens' Association and Homeland Association: Abbess and Hippolytus . Retrieved on November 17, 2009 ( Memento of the original from February 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.9 MB)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bhv-gerresheim.de
  37. ^ Karl Heinz Bott (ed.), Stadt-Sparkasse Düsseldorf (ed.): Gerresheim and his basilica - commemorative publication for the 750th anniversary of the Gerresheimer collegiate church . Staats-Verlag, Wuppertal 1986, without ISBN, p. 36f.
  38. ↑ Friedrich von Bestorff: Topographical-Statistical Description of the Royal Prussian Rhine Province . Nicolai, Berlin 1830.
  39. ↑ a b Düsseldorf branch address book 1948/1949. Schwann 1948, Düsseldorf. P. 14.
  40. ^ Karl Heinz Bott (ed.), Stadt-Sparkasse Düsseldorf (ed.): Gerresheim and his basilica - commemorative publication for the 750th anniversary of the Gerresheimer collegiate church . Staats-Verlag, Wuppertal 1986, without ISBN, p. 74
  41. ^ Office for Statistics and Elections (PDF; 150 kB), accessed on March 24, 2013.
  42. ^ Office for Statistics and Elections (PDF; 154 kB), accessed on February 7, 2016.
  43. ^ Office for Statistics and Elections, State Capital Düsseldorf: Statistisches Jahrbuch 105th year
  44. ↑ Rheinische Post from February 16, 2009: Heyestrasse - Düsseldorf's "Little Italy" ( Memento of the original from March 18, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rp-online.de
  45. ^ Werner Plötz: Real Estate Guide Düsseldorf . Müller, Cologne 2002, ISBN 3-932687-83-3 .
  46. ↑ Werner Skrentny: Spirits of light against the red darkness in: Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf (Hrsg.): Experienced and suffered. Gerresheim under National Socialism . Düsseldorf 1993, p. 27.
  47. ↑ Gerresheim-Neustadt in the list of monuments of the state capital Düsseldorf at the Institute for Monument Protection and Preservation, requested on April 3, 2009
  48. ^ Website of the city of Düsseldorf, city planning office: Perspektiven für Gerresheim-Süd. Queryed on March 27, 2009
  49. ↑ Ruth Willigalla: Hochbunker in: Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf (Hrsg.): Experienced and suffered. Gerresheim under National Socialism . Düsseldorf 1993, p. 302ff.
  50. ^ Werner Skrentny: In the kingdom of the glass king: Dark room, red place . In: Hugohaben: (Ed.): Düsseldorf on foot . VSA, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-87975-485-3 , p. 182.
  51. ↑ Bernd A. Rusinek: Raid in Gerresheim in: Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf (Hrsg.): Experienced and suffered. Gerresheim under National Socialism . Düsseldorf 1993, p. 52ff.
  52. ↑ Kulturkreis Gerresheim, Grafenberg and Hubbelrath eV (ed.): Tour through southern Gerresheim in the area of ​​the glassworks . Walter Rau Verlag, Düsseldorf 1997. p. 66.
  53. ↑ Kulturkreis Gerresheim, Grafenberg and Hubbelrath eV (ed.): Tour through southern Gerresheim in the area of ​​the glassworks . Walter Rau Verlag, Düsseldorf 1997. p. 69.
  54. ↑ Meistersiedlung in the monument list of the state capital Düsseldorf at the Institute for Monument Protection and Preservation, queried on November 17, 2009
  55. ^ Website of the state capital Düsseldorf: Projekt am Quellenbusch . Building administration office, queried on March 12, 2009
  56. ↑ Manfred Becker-Huberti (Ed.): Düsseldorfer Kirchen - Die Catholic Kirchen im Stadtdekanat Düsseldorf , JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 2009, p. 80
  57. ^ The Gerresheim synagogue in: Hugo Weidenhaupt (ed.): From Düsseldorf's past: Essays from four decades . Verlag der Goethe-Buchhandlung, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-924-331-17-0 . P. 64f.
  58. ^ Westdeutsche Zeitung Newsline: Veedelszöch: So jeck celebrated the districts , February 22, 2009
  59. ↑ http://www.rk-duesseldorf.lvr.de/
  60. ^ Website of the CL-Historia. Retrieved November 24, 2010
  61. ^ Website of the Sana Clinic Gerresheim. Retrieved on February 10, 2010. ( Memento of the original from April 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sana-gerresheim.de
  62. ↑ Information on antenna Düsseldorf reception . ( antenneduesseldorf.de [accessed on August 14, 2018]).
  63. ^ Website of the Düsseldorf correctional facility. Retrieved on November 24, 2010. ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jva-duesseldorf.nrw.de
  64. ↑ City of Düsseldorf: Fire Brigade - Overview of fire stations , queried on August 7, 2012
  65. ↑ state capital Dusseldorf: Transport Development Plan VEP4. The adopted concept and its effect until 2020 . (PDF; 4.1 MB)
  66. ^ Website of the Citizens' Initiative No City Motorway , accessed on May 26, 2009
  67. ↑ Wolfgang Ohneck: History of the SPD local association Gerresheim-Ludenberg . Düsseldorf 2007. p. 27 u. 58.
  68. ↑ Annual report of the German Mathematicians Association, Volume 104, Issue 4, 2000 (PDF; 7.2 MB)
Districts of the state capital Düsseldorf
District 10

Old town  | Carlstadt  | Derendorf  | Golzheim  | Pempelfort  | City center

District 20

Düsseltal  | Flingern-North  | Flingern-South

District 30

Bilk  | Supplication  | Friedrichstadt  | Port  | Hamm  | Oberbilk  | Unterbilk  | Volmerswerth

District 40

Heerdt  | Loerick  | Niederkassel  | Oberkassel

District 50

Angermund  | Kaiserswerth  | Calcum  | Lohausen  | Stockum  | Wittlaer

District 60

Lichtenbroich  | Mörsenbroich  | Rath  | Unterrath

District 70

Gerresheim  | Grafenberg  | Hubbelrath  | Knittkuhl  | Ludenberg

District 80

Eller  | Lierenfeld  | Unterbach  | Vennhausen

District 90

Benrath  | Hassels  | Heavenly Spirit  | Holthausen  | Itter  | Rice wood  | Urdenbach  | Wersten

District 10

Garath  | Hellerhof