Adolf I. (Mountain)

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Historicizing statue of Adolf I from 1902 by Friedrich Coubillier in the courtyard of Burg Castle

Adolf I von Berg (* around 1045; † probably July 31, 1106 ) was the first documented evidence of Count von Berg . He is considered the founder of the county of the same name and ancestor of the Berg-Altena dynasty . Both his life data and family relationships are not clearly clarified due to an uncertain source situation and are therefore controversial in research.

Life

Adolf came from a noble family who had their ancestral seat at Berge Castle in Odenthal - Altenberg on the left bank of the Dhünn and whose members named themselves after this from the 11th century onwards. There are documents from earlier years that list the Cognomen de Monte and de Berge , but there are doubts as to their authenticity or authenticity. Otto Oppermann , for example, dates these documents to the second half of the 12th century.

Adolf I was born around 1045. It appears for the first time in 1080 and 1079/89 in documents of the Archbishop of Cologne Sigewin von Are , in which he is mentioned as a witness; here not yet as a count. Through close connections to the Cologne Erzstuhl, the Berg house gained influence and power during the 11th century. So should Adolf I of Archbishop Anno II. For his support with extensive fiefs and forest justices on the right side of the Rhine invested have been.

Based on the chronicle of Annalista Saxo, it can be assumed that Adolf did not marry Adelheid von Lauffen , daughter of Count Heinrich II. Von Lauffen and thus heiress from the house of Count von Werl , before 1090 at the earliest . Through this connection Westphalian possessions came from Adelheid's grandfather Bernhard II von Werl to the Berger and increased their property in Wupper bogen. It is possible that Adolf had previously married a family member from the Schwarzburg family . The relationship with Adelheid von Lauffen resulted in three sons:

Furthermore, it is possible, but not proven, that Adolf I had a daughter named Gisela who lived with Sizzo III. von Schwarzburg was married.

In an imperial document from Henry IV from 1101, Adolf then appears for the first time as a count ( Adolf de Monte comites ). A second document from 1105 confirms its status once again ( Adolfus comes de Berge ). He is therefore the first mountain for whom the title of count is documented with certainty, and is therefore listed as Adolf I in the family of Counts von Berg.

Controversies about Adolf I.

While Bockemühl and Milz assume that a Vogt of the Werden monastery named Adolf ( Adolfus, qui tunc temporis puer erat ), who appeared in 1093 and was still a minor at the time , is identical to Adolf I, this conclusion, which is essentially based on the correspondence of first names, The fact that the bailiwick was apparently already hereditary in 1093 (otherwise a minor could not have been bailiff in 1093), and based on the fact that the counts of Berg were later verifiable bailiffs of the Werden monastery, was rejected by Kraus because they were not documented for certain is verifiable.

Furthermore, Bockemühl and Milz take the view that, according to the chronicle of Annalista Saxo, Adulfus di Huvili, who was married to Adelheid von Lauffen, was the father of this Adolfus puer . This assumption is also rejected by Kraus, since Kraus puts the marriage of Adulfus di Huvili and Adelheid von Lauffen at 1090 at the earliest. Adolfus puer, who appeared as a minor in 1093 would theoretically be possible as the couple's son, but this son could not have fathered the above-mentioned, generally recognized children of Adolf I in the 1090s.

Finally, Bockemühl and Milz suspect that Adolf I (= Adolfus puer ) according to the chronicle of the Counts of Kleve , von der Mark , Geldern , Jülich and Berg with the title Cronica Comitum et principum de Clivis et Marca, Gelriæ, Juliæ et Montium; necnon Archiepiscoporum Coloniensium, usque ad annum 1392 was married to an Adelheid von Kleve, a daughter of the Count von Kleve. The assumption is based, among other things, on the fact that said Adolfus puer, according to the 1093 document, was under the guardianship of Count Dietrich von Kleve . Much of the chronicle, which was only created at the beginning of the 16th century, is demonstrably flawed, which is why the report of this Bergisch-Klevian marriage is classified by Kraus as untrustworthy and rejected.

Another variant presented in 1994/2007 Heimatforscher Gruß and the then secretary of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein , Herdepe , who equated Adolf I with both Adulfus di Huvili and Adolfus puer and saw him married to Adelheid von Lauffen. This approach has not yet been discussed in the scientific literature.

literature

  • Alexander Berner: Crusade and regional rule. The older counts of Berg 1147–1225 . Böhlau, Cologne 2014, ISBN 978-3-412-22357-1 , pp. 65–69.
  • Justus Bockemühl: The tombstone of Count Adolf von Berg, founder of the Altenberg monastery, and its previous significance for the genealogy of the ruling house. In: Altenberger Dom-Verein (ed.): Two Altenberg tombstones . Altenberger Dom-Verein, Bergisch Gladbach 1970, pp. 11–75.
  • Franz Greeting (Klaus Herdepe (arrangement)): History of the Bergisches Land . Bücken Sulzer, Overath / Witten 2007, ISBN 978-3-936405-06-4 , pp. 54, 56-57, 66.
  • Thomas R. Kraus : The emergence of the sovereignty of the Counts of Berg up to 1225 . (= Bergische Research . Volume 16). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1981, ISBN 3-87707-024-8 , pp. 16-29.
  • Joseph Milz: Studies on the medieval economic and constitutional history of the Deutz Abbey. In: Publications of the Kölner Geschichtsverein eV Volume 30, Cologne 1970, p. 184 ff.
  • Joseph Milz: The governors of the Cologne cathedral monastery and the Abbeys Deutz and Werden in the 11th and 12th centuries. In: Rheinische Vierteljahresblätter . Vol. 41, Bonn 1977, pp. 196-217.
  • Franz-Josef Schmale : The beginnings of the Counts of Berg. In: Friedrich Prinz , Franz-Josef Schmale, Ferdinand Seibt (Hrsg.): History in society. Festschrift for Karl Bosl on his 65th birthday - 11.XI.1973 -. Stuttgart 1974, ISBN 3-7772-7409-7 , pp. 370-392.

Web links

Commons : Adolf I. von Berg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Thomas R. Kraus: The emergence of the sovereignty of the Counts of Berg up to the year 1225 . (= Bergische Research . Volume 16). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1981, ISBN 3-87707-024-8 , appendix, panel I.
  2. ↑ Thomas R. Kraus: The emergence of the sovereignty of the Counts of Berg up to the year 1225 . (= Bergische Research . Volume 16). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1981, ISBN 3-87707-024-8 , p. 19.
  3. ↑ The present article takes the dissertation published in 1981 by Kraus and the 1974 article by his academic father Schmale as the basis and presents the differing positions of Bockemühl, Spleen and Gruß. The relevant publications by these authors are listed under literature. The outdated, sometimes extremely questionable publications by Melchers (Bernhard Melchers: The oldest counts of Berg until their extinction in 1225. In: Zeitschrift des Bergisches Geschichtsverein (ZBGV). Volume 45, 1912, pp. 5–105.) And Gewin (JPJ Gewin: The origin of the Counts of Limburg Stirum. The Counts Palatine of Lorraine, the Counts of Berg and their Progenitur up to the beginning of the 13th century . In Geschiedenis the Graven van Limburg Stirum. Deel I.2, Assen / Münster / Westf. 1962, family table attached.). Leidinger ( Paul Leidinger : The Counts of Werl and Werl-Arnsberg (approx. 980-1124): Genealogy and aspects of their political history in Ottonian and Salian times. In: Harm Klueting (Ed.): The Duchy of Westphalia. Volume 1: That Electorate of Cologne Duchy of Westphalia from the beginnings of Cologne rule in southern Westphalia to secularization in 1803. Münster 2009, pp. 119–170.) is contradictory in his representation and counting of the Counts of Berg, even if he prefers the interpretation of Spleen to that of Kraus (see pp. 122, 144 (footnote 97) and 145). Lute (Hansjörg Lute: Die Herren von Berg. On the trail of the Bergisches Land (1101–1806). 2nd edition. Boll, Solingen 1989, ISBN 3-9801918-0-X , p. 13.) and Janssen ( Wilhelm Janssen : The Bergisches Land in the Middle Ages. In: Stefan Gorißen, Horst Sassin, Kurt Wesoly (Hrsg.): Geschichte des Bergisches Land. Volume 1: Until the end of the old Duchy 1806. Bielefeld 2016, p. 41.) operate in this Do not ask your own research, but refer to Kraus.
  4. ↑ Thomas R. Kraus: The emergence of the sovereignty of the Counts of Berg up to the year 1225 . (= Bergische Research . Volume 16). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1981, ISBN 3-87707-024-8 , p. 16.
  5. ↑ Thomas R. Kraus: The emergence of the sovereignty of the Counts of Berg up to the year 1225 . (= Bergische Research . Volume 16). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1981, ISBN 3-87707-024-8 , p. 16, note 87.
  6. ^ Franz Greeting (Klaus Herdepe (edit.)): History of the Bergisches Land . Bücken Sulzer, Overath / Witten 2007, ISBN 978-3-936405-06-4 , p. 66.
  7. ↑ a b c Thomas R. Kraus: The emergence of the sovereignty of the Counts of Berg up to 1225 . (= Bergische Research . Volume 16). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1981, ISBN 3-87707-024-8 , p. 29.
  8. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger : The regests of the archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. Volume 1: 313-1099 . (= Publications of the Society for Rhenish History . Volume 21). Hanstein, Bonn 1961, p. 356, no. 1188; Theodor Joseph Lacomblet : Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, the principalities of Jülich and Berg, Geldern, Meurs, Kleve and Mark, and the imperial monasteries of Elten, Essen and Werden . Volume 1. Wolf, Düsseldorf 1840, p. 149, No. 229 (online)
  9. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Oediger: The regests of the archbishops of Cologne in the Middle Ages. Volume 1: 313-1099 . (= Publications of the Society for Rhenish History . Volume 21). Hanstein, Bonn 1961, p. 360, no. 1200; Theodor Joseph Lacomblet: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, the principalities of Jülich and Berg, Geldern, Meurs, Kleve and Mark, and the imperial monasteries of Elten, Essen and Werden . Volume 1, Wolf, Düsseldorf 1840, p. 156, No. 242 (online)
  10. ↑ Thomas R. Kraus: The emergence of the sovereignty of the Counts of Berg up to the year 1225 . (= Bergische Research . Volume 16). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1981, ISBN 3-87707-024-8 , p. 54.
  11. ↑ a b Thomas R. Kraus: The emergence of the sovereignty of the Counts of Berg up to the year 1225 . (= Bergische Research . Volume 16). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1981, ISBN 3-87707-024-8 , p. 27.
  12. ^ Georg Waitz: Annalista Saxo. In: Georg Heinrich Pertz (Ed.): Chronica et annales aevi Salici . (= Monumenta Germaniae Historica . Scriptores, Volume 6). Hanover 1844, p. 677 (online)
  13. ↑ Monumenta Germaniae Historica. DD H IV, 2, No. 471, p. 640 (digitized version)
  14. ↑ Monumenta Germaniae Historica. DD H IV, 2, No. 491, p. 669 (digitized version)
  15. ↑ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, the principalities of Jülich and Berg, Geldern, Meurs, Kleve and Mark, and the imperial monasteries of Elten, Essen and Werden . Volume 1. Wolf, Düsseldorf 1840, Certificate 247 (online)
  16. ↑ Justus Bockemühl: The tombstone of Count Adolf von Berg, founder of the Altenberg monastery, and its previous importance for the genealogy of the ruling house. In: Altenberger Dom-Verein (ed.): Two Altenberg tombstones . Altenberger Dom-Verein, Bergisch Gladbach 1970, pp. 32–38.
  17. ↑ a b c Joseph Milz: The governors of the Cologne cathedral monastery and the Deutz and Werden abbeys in the 11th and 12th centuries. In: Rheinische Vierteljahresblätter. Vol. 41, Bonn 1977, p. 212.
  18. ↑ a b Thomas R. Kraus: The emergence of the sovereignty of the Counts of Berg up to the year 1225 . (= Bergische Research . Volume 16). Schmidt, Neustadt an der Aisch 1981, ISBN 3-87707-024-8 , p. 22 ff.
  19. ↑ Justus Bockemühl: The tombstone of Count Adolf von Berg, founder of the Altenberg monastery, and its previous importance for the genealogy of the ruling house. In: Altenberger Dom-Verein (ed.): Two Altenberg tombstones . Altenberger Dom-Verein, Bergisch Gladbach 1970, p. 75, panel V.
  20. ↑ Justus Bockemühl: The tombstone of Count Adolf von Berg, founder of the Altenberg monastery, and its previous importance for the genealogy of the ruling house. In: Altenberger Dom-Verein (ed.): Two Altenberg tombstones . Altenberger Dom-Verein, Bergisch Gladbach 1970, p. 72, panel II.
  21. ^ Franz Greeting ( Klaus Herdepe (edit.)): History of the Bergisches Land . Bücken Sulzer, Overath / Witten 1994/2007, ISBN 978-3-936405-06-4 , pp. 54, 56-57, 66, 69.
predecessor Office successor
- Count von Berg
1101–1106 		Adolf II
personal data
SURNAME Adolf I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Adolf von Hövel; Adolph de Monte; Adolph de Berge
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Count von Berg; Founder of Berg County
DATE OF BIRTH around 1045
DATE OF DEATH July 31, 1106