Düsseldorf Carnival

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The Düsseldorf Carnival is the Düsseldorf variant of the “fifth season” known as Carnival, Mardi Gras or Fasching . The Düsseldorf Carnival begins on November 11th of each year with the symbolic awakening of Hoppeditz and ends on Ash Wednesday of the following year with his funeral. The time of the carnival is known as a session and marks a high point of social life in the state capital with numerous meetings and balls . The Rose Monday procession, along with the events in Cologne and Mainz, is one of the largest in Germany. His annual television broadcast made him known nationwide.

history

see also: History of the Carnival

The beginnings of the Düsseldorf Carnival

Elector couple Jan Wellem and Anna Maria Luisa in Spanish costume at a masked ball, painting by Jan Frans van Douven , 1695
Carnival on the Alleestraße at the Kaiser Wilhelm Monument , postcard, 1897

Even in antiquity there were festivals at which disguise, increased alcohol consumption or moving played a role. Whether the origins of the Rhenish Carnival possibly go back to the Roman Saturnalia , which was also celebrated in the then Roman Rhineland , cannot be proven. However, there are numerous elements that still characterize today's carnival, such as the abolition of class differences and the increased consumption of alcohol , easing morale and moving in the streets.

The origins of the Düsseldorf Carnival have not been passed down. For the first time in 1360 there was a report on carnival celebrations in the Düsseldorf Palace on the occasion of Mardi Gras. This is where the Bergisch and Jülich nobility met. The Düsseldorf historian Friedrich Lau assumes that carnival was also celebrated in middle-class circles as early as the 15th century. In the 16th century the carnival celebrations were so anchored in Düsseldorf Customs, that the sick in the infirmary had come a grant for "vastelavent". While masked balls based on the Venetian model were celebrated at the Düsseldorf court, especially at the time of Elector Jan Wellem , the celebrations of the subjects, especially the lower social classes, were rather noisy. According to a description by the Düsseldorf regional lecturer Hans Müller-Schlösser , many Düsseldorf citizens found the carnival at the beginning of the 19th century to be vulgar and loud. In its form at that time, the carnival was also suspicious of the authorities. Due to the carnival order of 1806 issued by King Maximilian I , the fools had to purchase a “police card” in order to be allowed to be disguised or masked in public. Under French rule , the carnival was largely banned to closed rooms.

After the end of the French era, now under Prussian rule in the Rhineland, the amusements at the carnival shifted back to the public streets and squares in the city. Events for the carnival were held on the days from Sunday to Tuesday. These fell, for example, on February 13-15, 1825. During this time, masked balls were held in public institutions and events in restaurants with musical entertainment. One of the highlights was the public amusements on Tuesday on Carlsplatz. Police regulations regarding car and riding traffic had to be observed especially for this Tuesday. Likewise in 1825, based on the Cologne Carnival Festival Committee founded in 1823, a “Carnevals-Comité” was formed in Düsseldorf, the forerunner of today's Düsseldorf Carneval Committee . The “Comité” was organized by respected citizens of the city, including numerous artists, with the aim of giving the carnival an orderly structure and making it attractive for the better-off.

The oldest carnival society in Düsseldorf is the Carnevalsverein pro 1829 , which was later renamed the General Association of Carnevals Friends . This society was founded on February 8, 1829 in the Hofgartenhaus from an exclusively male association that had been meeting loosely since 1826. Since its inception, the association has been banned several times by the authorities for political reasons. In 1844, the district president of Düsseldorf Adolph von Spiegel-Borlinghausen even had the association dissolved. After the re-admitted association began in 1846 to send artistically designed certificates of honor to appoint honorary members to liberal personalities, including Ernst Moritz Arndt and Friedrich Christoph Dahlmann , the Prussian Interior Minister Ernst von Bodelschwingh demanded that the association and its president be banned again in 1847 in the years 1846 and 1847 the painter Adolph Schroedter was.

The modern carnival in Düsseldorf

In Düsseldorf it can be traced back to at least 1833. After a mask play on Burgplatz , the “engagement of Hanswursten under Helau and Habuh with Anna Dorothea Petronella Weichbusen” was celebrated in the evening.

The Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. had "Carnevals merrymaking" banned by cabinet order of January 31, 1834. In the carnival, the state of Prussia saw the danger of the "impairment of morality in the dancing pleasure that generates raw lust, especially in the lower class of the population, the encouragement of holding drinking parties and the reckless spending of money caused by this, which leads to poverty and thus belittles prosperity" . An exception was only opened for those cities in the Rhine Province in which carnival events had continued for ages. On this basis, the city of Düsseldorf applied for a carnival procession, which could be carried out for the first time with official approval in 1834. The importance of the first organized carnival parades was far behind the Malkasten-Redoute , the costume and masked ball held by the Malkasten artists' association since the middle of the 19th century and one of the well-known social highlights of the Düsseldorf Carnival.

Museum and office

Since 2005 a museum and the office of the Comitee Düsseldorfer Carneval have been located in the house of the carnival in the neighborhood of the town hall .

Characteristics and highlights of the carnival

Carnival begins on November 11th each year. On St. Martin wakes exactly at 11:11 the Hoppeditz . He climbs out of a large mustard pot in front of the Jan Wellem monument on the market square in front of the town hall and gives his at the same time funny and snappy “opening speech” for the new session, the irony of which is countered by the respective mayor.

Children's parade on Carnival Saturday: Prinzengarde Blau-Weiß and Konkordiaschule
Motif wagon designed by Jacques Tilly with a criticism of Cardinal Meisner's sermon for the Epiphany in the 2005
Rose Monday procession
The current Mayor of Düsseldorf Thomas Geisel and his predecessor Dirk Elbers - shown in the Rose Monday procession in 2014

In the new year, numerous carnival associations organize costume balls and so-called meetings, at which hand-made speeches , dances, among other things, are performed by dance guards and carnival songs. The appearance of the Düsseldorf prince couple (consisting of the prince with his lady Venetia) is often a highlight of such meetings. The Rose Monday today is the culmination of (the Comitee Düsseldorfer Carneval and its affiliated associations) organized carnival. Then roll in Rosenmontagszug back over 60 cars to hundreds of thousands of revelers guests over and "provide" them with thrown from the car "Balkes" or "chestnut" (candy and other small gifts). Numerous voluntary helpers had already been busy building the wagons, which mostly caricature current events, for several months. Numerous costume and music groups from all parts of Germany and neighboring countries take part in the Rose Monday procession and ensure the atmosphere and music. The Carnival Monday procession had to be postponed twice due to the weather. In 1990 the train was rescheduled on May 19, 2016 on March 13. In 1991 the train was canceled completely due to the Third Gulf War . In 2018, the Düsseldorf Jewish Community took part in the Rose Monday procession for the first time with a motif wagon for Heinrich Heine . The Carnival Monday procession enjoys a great deal of attention thanks to the annual nationwide live broadcast on television. In the twentieth century , the political caricature cars designed by Jacques Tilly are increasingly coming to the fore. After this also caused international displeasure among the persons depicted, the issues are kept secret until the train starts so that they cannot be warned in advance. In particular, the reactions of the Archbishop of Cologne, Cardinal Joachim Meisner, and those of the Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan received widespread attention in the press and in politics.

The “unorganized” carnival is just as important in Düsseldorf. Weiberfastnacht and Carnival Sunday are the highlights there. On Weiberfastnacht, the women storm the town hall at 11:11 a.m. The working women celebrate at work and go on a “ trophy ” hunt, which consists of cutting off the ties of as many male colleagues as possible . On Carnival Sunday hundreds of thousands from Düsseldorf, the Ruhr area and the Lower Rhine meet on Königsallee and in the old town to celebrate Carnival together. Many of the fools can be found in costumes and with originally decorated handcarts or bicycle superstructures, which primarily serve as storage space for provisions (beer, spirits, solid food).

Since 1995, on Carnival Saturday, a tune run on the Kö has been taking place on the Kö in cooperation between the Düsseldorf Carneval Committee and Heartbreakers, the support association of the Düsseldorf Aidshilfe. Due to the success of the event with a corresponding number of visitors, the requirements for security grew so much that the event could no longer be financed and had to be discontinued in 2010. Under the direction of KG Regenbogen , the follow-up event has been taking place since 2011 under the motto Tuntelauf! in fixed venues, most recently in a discotheque near Kö.

The children and young people's move is more recent . Daycare centers, schools and clubs have been roaming the city center on Carnival Saturday since 2006. There is a price for the most imaginative ideas. The relaxed atmosphere has become very popular with families in particular. Horses and large wagons are not used, so that even the smallest visitors can have their great joy on this day.

Based on the Veedelszöch in the Cologne Carnival , smaller parades called Veedelszooch (note the different spelling and pronunciation, see also the Benrath line ) formed on Sunday in some districts of Düsseldorf . The Gerresheimer Veedelszoch, which has been taking place since 1976, attracts most visitors . In contrast, the barrel race in Niederkassel , which first took place in 1887, has a much longer tradition . Other Veedelszooch take place in Angermund , Wittlaer , Lohausen , Eller , Mörsenbroich , Benrath , Reisholz and Itter . The larger parades in Gerresheim, Niederkassel and Eller each attract tens of thousands of visitors.

A special situation can be found in the Unterbacher Carnival. The completely independent carnival with a couple of princes and a parade with a catchment area to the surrounding cities, which existed before the municipal reorganization in 1975, has been preserved here. This was also the nucleus of the Düsseldorf regiolect bands "Halve Hahn" and "Alt Schuss". The latter had its biggest hit with “Die Sterne sparkele”, which originally was the 1997 session motto at the Unterbach Carnival.

The happy hustle and bustle comes to an end on Ash Wednesday with the cremation of Hoppeditz amid great lamentations by the Möhnen in the garden of the Düsseldorf City Museum .

Figures of the Düsseldorf Carnival

Büttenspeaker

  • Stupid & stupid
  • Duo Novi
  • Hansi - the Rhenish joker
  • Peter Fassbender as "The Bundeswehr Soldier"
  • Pitt and Joe
  • The wife of Döres
  • Manni the rocker
  • Winfried Heretic
  • The Leo
  • The peanut
  • Suitcase duo
  • The mountain lion
  • Wolfgang Reich
  • Ne bonte pitter
  • Tulips Heini
  • Rogi

Singers and music groups

  • 2 Diddis
  • Achim and Olli (inactive)
  • Old shot
  • Angerwasser
  • BoB the band without a beard (inactive)
  • Dä wheel racket
  • De Düwelsches
  • De Fetzer
  • De Mukeköpp
  • De Rhingschiffer
  • The Joker alias Dirk Kögeler
  • The three Köbesse
  • The Düssel disharmonists
  • The knights of de Ritterstroß
  • Hally Gally
  • Hammer Fanfare Corps, Bundesfanfarencorps Düsseldorf-Hamm eV
  • K&K picket shot
  • Klaus Heylen
  • Chocolates
  • Lens thing
  • Michael Hermes
  • Rheinfanfaren
  • Rhingjold
  • Swinging funfares
  • The Fantastic Company
  • Werstener Music Company

Tanzgarden

  • The dance guard of the Prinzengarde of the city of Düsseldorf “Blau-Weiss” eV 1927, life guard of Princess Venetia
  • The beads of rosary
  • The dance guard of the carnival friends of the Catholic youth (KaKaJu), city guard of the state capital Düsseldorf
  • “Die Funkies” dance group of Unterrather Funken Blau-Gelb 1950 eV
  • Tanzsportclub Rhein Stars Düsseldorf eV
  • The dance sport formation Düsselsterne eV
  • The children and youth dance group of the Gerresheimer Bürgerwehr 1956 eV
  • The guard dance couple of KG Regenbogen eV

Men's ballets, travesty

  • The BalleRhinos
  • Baroness of Kö
  • Flying sparks of KG Unterrather Sparks blue yellow

Düsseldorf's foolish slogans from 1928 to today

  • 1928 Düsseldorf like et wor, like et es, like et wöhd
  • 1929 Karikadz or The Caricature of Time
  • 1930 fairy tale
  • 1931 Nu, what then ...
  • 1932 No Rose Monday procession, hence no motto
  • 1933 Et wöhd better
  • 1934 Everything else a hoot
  • 1935 From Jan Wellem to the present day, merge Freud
  • 1936 Düsseldorf markets mobile
  • 1937 Laughing people
  • 1938 Jeck from Z – A
  • 1939 Top and bottom
  • 1940–1945 war years, no motto
  • 1946 No Rose Monday procession, hence no motto
  • 1947 Everything circus
  • 1948 Aries are for me
  • 1949 Foolish Parade
  • 1950 You have a clue - everything is planning
  • 1951 laughter beyond all borders
  • 1952 The whole of Düsseldorf turns
  • 1953 Congress of Foolishness
  • 1954 Düsseldorf, land of plenty
  • 1955 World events - seen from a foolish point of view
  • 1956 foolish paprika
  • 1957 From Neanderthal to taxpayer
  • 1958 Jan Wellem and his sons
  • 1959 Düsseldorf fairy tale zoo
  • 1960 That's the summit
  • 1961 If we were all angels
  • 1962 Carnival International
  • 1963 It shouldn't be believed possible
  • 1964 Too good to be true
  • 1965 That can't be true
  • 1966 joy for the whole world
  • 1967 There's a lot going on in Düsseldorf
  • 1968 man, don't get angry
  • 1969 Truth lies in foolishness
  • 1970 meeting point of the world
  • 1971 Düsseldorf in 2000
  • 1972 Foolish game without limits
  • 1973 fairy tales from "1001 Nights"
  • 1974 Today and then - fashion city in carnival
  • 1975 Children, how time flies
  • 1976 Festival of Joy
  • 1977 Foolish Klimbim
  • 1978 That's why it's so beautiful on the Rhine
  • 1979 Düsseldorf milieu - from the castle tower to the Kö
  • 1980 Lommer op'm carpet blieve
  • 1981 I don't know what is it supposed to mean
  • 1982 M'r moss och jönne kann
  • 1983 Lott d'r Mot net sink
  • 1984 All theater, theater ...
  • 1985 Mer make jet met
  • 1986 What else is in bloom for us
  • 1987 699 years of blooming imagination
  • 1988 Düsseldorf - per oiler, per döller
  • 1989 Dat mer dat may still be declared
  • 1990 Nothing kütt nothing
  • 1991 As in May
  • 1992 Finally widder jeck
  • 1993 Ejal wat presses - et wöhd jejöckt
  • 1994 The world laughs and dances in Düsseldorf
  • 1995 fed up - still great
  • 1996 The globe celebrates - Düsseldorf celebrates
  • 1997 I still swallow that
  • 1998 Merge all along one strand
  • 1999 Jätz wöhd still flöck de Mark verjöckt
  • 2000 Mer jubilee on fiere
  • 2001 Every Jeck is different
  • 2002 Foolish Olympics in Düsseldorf
  • 2003 Läwe on läwe let
  • 2004 Wat kütt, dat kütt
  • 2005 Düsseldorf - as colorful as the world
  • 2006 Nit quake - make
  • 2007 Düsseldorf's foolish illusions
  • 2008 Mer can och everything öwerdriewe
  • 2009 Thu bess de flat
  • 2010 Jeck - we can
  • 2011 Digging, digging, digging
  • 2012 Hütt dommer dröwer lache
  • 2013 Oh, still!
  • 2014 Düsseldorf markets six fine
  • 2015 Fantastically cool
  • 2016 Düsseldorf - hot as Mostert
  • 2017 Nothing was wrong with us - freedom of fools, that's a must
  • 2018 Jeck even more
  • 2019 Düsseldorf - together jeck
  • 2020 Our wheel beats around the world

Movie

  • 2015: The great freedom of fools. A documentary about Jacques Tilly and the Düsseldorf Carnival

literature

Web links

Commons : Carnival in Düsseldorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Alfons Houben: 3 x Düsseldorf Helau. The history of the Düsseldorf Carnival . Lippert, Meerbusch 1999, ISBN 3-00-005210-0 , p. 15.
  2. ^ Friedrich Lau: History of the City of Düsseldorf - Volume 1, First section: Presentation . Bagel, Düsseldorf, 1921. Reprint from 1980, 3rd edition, p. 233.
  3. ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt (ed.): Düsseldorf. History from the origins to the 20th century. 4 vols. Patmos - Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988–1990, ISBN 3-491-34221-X . - There volume 1, p. 288.
  4. Oliver Mittelbach: Jeck in Düsseldorf - The Düsseldorf Carnival 2012 . Rheinbuch Verlag, Düsseldorf 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814594-0-1 , p. 9f.
  5. ^ In: Düsseldorfer Zeitung . Edition of February 12, 1825. p. [176]. Online edition
  6. 1829 , website in the portal avdk-duesseldorf.de (General Association of Carnival Friends ), accessed on January 17, 2014
  7. 1843/1844 , website in the portal avdk-duesseldorf.de , accessed on January 14, 2014
  8. 1846 , website in the avdk-duesseldorf.de portal , accessed on January 14, 2014
  9. Christina Frohn: “A great striving becomes commendable if it is short and meaningful” - Carnival in Cologne, Düsseldorf and Aachen 1823–1914 . Inaugural dissertation, Rheinische Friedrichs-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1999, p. 291 ( PDF ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to instructions and then remove this notice. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dgv-1823.de
  10. 1834 , website in the portal avdk-duesseldorf.de , accessed on January 14, 2014
  11. Frank Wintgens: Living with the Past. Festivals and celebrations in Düsseldorf. 1945–1955 . Publications from the Düsseldorf City Archives, Volume 6, ISBN 978-3-926490-05-6 , Düsseldorf 1996, pp. 27, 61, 188
  12. Uwe-Jens Ruhnau: Jewish community gives five places on their car. In: rp-online. January 13, 2018, accessed February 12, 2018 .
  13. Oliver Mittelbach: Jeck in Düsseldorf - The Düsseldorf Carnival 2012 . Rheinbuch Verlag, Düsseldorf 2011, ISBN 978-3-9814594-0-1 , p. 65.
  14. ^ Veedelszöch: So jeck celebrated the districts , Westdeutsche Zeitung Newsline, February 22, 2009
  15. ^ Film about Zoch in Düsseldorf: Jacques Tilly: "Wahnsinn, what went off after Shrove Monday" , express.de, March 18, 2015
  16. narren Freiheit-film.de , website of the filmmakers Steve Antonin ("Kalkofes Mattscheibe"), Daniela Antonin and Michael Goergens