Ignicoccus

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Ignicoccus
Ignicoccus hospitalis with attached Nanoarchaeum equitans.

Ignicoccus hospitalis with attached Nanoarchaeum equitans .

Systematics
Domain : Archaea (Archaea)
Department : Crenarchaeota
Class : Thermoprotei
Order : Desulfurococcales
Family : Desulfurococcaceae
Genre : Ignicoccus
Scientific name
Ignicoccus
Huber et al . 2000
species

Ignicoccus is a genus of archaea that occurs in marine hydrothermal vents (so-called black smokers ). It was discovered in 2000 on the Kolbeinseyrücken north of Iceland and in the Pacific Ocean ( 9 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  N , 104 ° 0 ′ 0 ″  W ).

Cell structures

Ignicoccus has small coccoid cells with a diameter of ~ 2 µm , which have a smooth surface, an outer membrane and no S-layer . They have a cell wall structured as follows: a cytoplasmic membrane , a periplasmic space (20 to 400 nm, which contains membrane-bound vesicles ) and a ~ 10 nm thick outer membrane, which is similar to that of the gram-negative bacteria. This contains a large number of irregular, tightly packed particles with a diameter of ~ 8 nm as well as pores with a diameter of 24 nm, which in turn are surrounded by small particles, which are rings with a diameter of 130 nm and gene clusters of up to eight particles each 12 nm in size, surrender.

physiology

Ignicocci occur in a temperature range of 70 to 98 ° C with an optimum at 90 ° C. They get their energy from the reduction of elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide , using hydrogen as an electron donor . They live in close association with Nanoarchaeum equitans , although it has not yet been clarified whether it is a parasitic or a symbiotic relationship.

Systematics

Based on the comparison of the 16S rRNA genes, Ignicoccus represents a new, early branching line within the Desulfurococcaceae . Three species are known so far, Ignicoccus hospitalis , Ignicoccus islandicus and Ignicoccus pacificus as well as Ignicoccus sp. Tribe KIN4I (previously unnamed).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ H. Huber, S. Burggraf, T. Mayer, I. Wyschkony, R. Rachel, KO Stetter: Ignicoccus gen. Nov., A novel genus of hyperthermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic Archaea, represented by two new species, Ignicoccus islandicus sp nov and Ignicoccus pacificus sp nov. and Ignicoccus pacificus sp. nov. In: Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 50 Pt 6, Nov 2000, pp. 2093-2100.
  2. ↑ R. Rachel I. Wyschkony, S. Riehl, H. Huber: The ultrastructure of Ignicoccus: evidence for a novel outer membrane and for intracellular vesicle budding in to archaeon . In: Archaea . tape 1 , no. 1 , March 2002, p. 9-18 , PMID 15803654 .
  3. ↑ a b c H. Huber, MJ Hohn, R. Rachel, T. Fuchs, VC Wimmer, KO Stetter: A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont. In: Nature. 417 (6884), 2002, pp. 27-28.