Indirana semipalmata
| Indirana semipalmata | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Indirana semipalmata | ||||||||||||
| Boulenger , 1882 |
Indirana semipalmata (synonyms: Ranixalus semipalmatus and Rana semipalmata) is a species of frog from the Ranixalidae family. It is endemic to the Western Ghats in southern India .
features
Indirana semipalmata is a relatively small frog with a head-trunk length of around 35 millimeters. The snout is blunt, the fold above the canthus rostralis is clearly visible. The eyes are relatively large, the tympanum is well developed and the same size as the eye. The eye relief is narrow and roughly the width of the upper eyelids. The teeth on the ploughshare (vomer) stand in two oval groups behind the mouth of the Choanen . The males of this species do not have a vocal sac .
The first finger is a little longer than the second. On the underside of the individual limbs of the fingers and toes there is a hump, as well as an elongated tubercle on the inner metatarsal bone . The hind legs without the feet already reach body length.
The skin of Indirana semipalmata is smooth on the ventral side and coarse-grained on the back with short glandular folds. The color is mainly brown, the chest and throat are light and irregular brown spots. The limbs have dark stripes on a brown background. A black band stretches on both sides from above the tympanum across the eyes with the horizontal pupils as far as the region of the choans. There is also a dark band on the top of the head between the eyes.
distribution
Indirana semipalmata is in the southern Western Ghats in an area of less than 20,000 square kilometers endemic that spans parts of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu , Kerala and Karnataka extends. There the frog lives in suitable habitats between 200 and 1100 meters above sea level. One report lists ten smaller areas where the frog species occurs: Malabar , Pulloorampara , Kodaikanal , Idukki , Parambikulam , Kalakkad , Siruvani , Sringeri , Agumbe and Kudremukh .
Way of life
Indirana semipalmata can be found at altitudes between 200 and 1100 meters. The species lives in moist, evergreen forests, but can also occur in areas disturbed by humans through plantations.
The mating of frogs takes place during the monsoon season . During this time of the year, the forests where Indirana semipalmata lives are very humid. The frogs usually live near rivers or waterfalls, but lay their eggs on wet rocks or tree bark. The tadpoles hatch and feed on tree bark and its growth until they have metamorphosed into an adult frog. Their entire development takes place on land.
Danger
The species has a large distribution area in the southern Western Ghats of India, but there it is essentially only known from ten localities that cover less than 2000 square kilometers. Since some of these sites are located in nature reserves and the frog species has been placed under protection, the nature conservation authorities are optimistic that no dramatic decline in the number of specimens within the populations is to be feared. The species was classified as Least Concern by the IUCN in 2004 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c George Albert Boulenger: Catalog of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the Collection of the British Museum. 2nd Edition, 1882, pp. 56–57 ( facsimile )
- ^ KA Subramanian, KP Dinesh & C. Radhakrishnan: Atlas of Endemic Amphibians of Western Ghats. Pp. 1–127, 2013
- ↑ a b Indirana semipalmata in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2015 Posted by: SD Biju, Sushil Dutta & Robert Ingersoll, 2004. Accessed October 18, 2015.
- ^ A b Sanjay Molur & Sally Walker: Report of the Workshop "Conservation Assessment and Management Plan for Amphibians of India". BCPP - Endangered Species Project, Zoo Outreach Organization, Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, p. 61, 1998 PDF
literature
- George Albert Boulenger: Catalog of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the Collection of the British Museum. 2nd Edition, 1882, pp. 56–57 (first description)
Web links
- Darrel R. Frost: Indirana semipalmata Boulenger, 1882 . In: Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference . Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, New York 1998-2015, accessed October 19, 2015
- Indirana semipalmata in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2015 Posted by: SD Biju, Sushil Dutta & Robert Ingersoll, 2004. Accessed October 18, 2015. doi : 10.2305 / IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58315A11764064.en