Incision
The incision ( Latin incisio , incision ') is the severing of skin and soft tissue during surgical interventions in order to expose an operation area or to open a pathologically created cavity (e.g. that of an abscess ). The incision should "clearly show" the operating area and offer an "intraoperative expansion option".
An incision is usually made with a scalpel . However, the technical innovations of the 20th century also led to the use of high-frequency diathermy devices, laser "knives" and ultrasonic scalpels. With these devices, depending on the situation, incisions can be made with less blood, finer, more precise or with better protection of the environment ( minimally invasive surgical technique ). In addition, non-invasive surgical methods have also become established. Skin incisions along the skin tension lines achieve more favorable cosmetic results, they are therefore particularly used in cosmetic surgery, but also other operations in sensitive areas. The incisions - which represent an "intentional" cut as an injury to healthy tissue - are thus limited in their consequences; this applies to both surgical risks as well as the healing process and healing success ( scarring ).
The more important incisions for skin incisions on the foreleg and their application include:
- Kocher collar cut for the goiter (thyroid gland)
- Sternotomy on the breastbone (sternum) during heart surgery
- Transmamillarschnitt and Mamillenrandschnitt on the nipple ( gynecomastia , breast cancer )
- Thoracotomy (opening of the chest )
- Rib and arched edge
- Upper and lower abdominal median incision , trans- and pararectal incision to the abdominal cavity
- Lower abdominal incision for appendectomy ("appendix operation")
See also
- Caesarean section , collective term for various surgical techniques (including autopsy)
- Triple incision
