Iseshusen
Iseshusen is a deserted medieval settlement near Rhüden in Lower Saxony , which existed from about the 12th to the 14th century. It played an important role in the Lamspringe monastery property policy .
Location and description
The desert site is located in an extensive forest area west of Rhüden. There it lies on a slight hill between two talk heights. The settlement is recorded on a map from 1666 as a "sketch of the forest area southwest of Wohldenhausen ".
The settlement area probably covered an area of 300 × 300 meters. At the remains of the soil there are border trenches, earth platforms as possible locations for buildings, a funnel-shaped soil depression as a possible well and Wolbäcker in the area. The most important remains of the soil is a wall ditch system. It is a 19 × 20 meter plateau, which is surrounded by an approximately 5 meter wide and 0.8 meter deep ditch. The excavated trench heaped up on the outside forms a wall that is 0.5 meters high today. On the plateau there is an L-shaped stone pack measuring 6 × 11 meters. The former function of the Wall-Graben system is not yet known. A tower, a control room , a church, a stone work and a house will be discussed .
history
Through records and field names a settlement has been handed down in this geographic area, which was first mentioned in 1178 and the last time the 1368th The spellings of the place names differ considerably, for example Iseshusen, Hyseshusen, Hieshausen and Yshusen. By 1178 the Lamspringe monastery had acquired two hooves there . After 1285, the monastery acquired the entire settlement from Count von Wohldenberg and by 1300 had 25 hooves with 780 acres in it . This corresponded to the acquisition policy of the monastery through acquisitions, which resulted in an almost closed concentration of property. In 1325 Baldwin von Nette leased the settlement for ten years. This leads to the conclusion that the settlement or parts of it were previously a monastery property or an outbuilding of the Lamspringe monastery, which now sold the property. The monastery property register lists the monastery ownership of 27 Hufen at the settlement until 1573. In it it is described as desolate and overgrown with forest.
Research history
The Wall-Graben-Anlage became officially known in 1951 when a resident from Rhüden reported it in writing to the archaeologist Martin Claus at the Lower Saxony State Museum in Hanover . According to the discoverer, a kemnate is said to have been located on the remains of the earth , the stones of which were removed for private house construction in the 19th century. In old traditions the place was called "Schloßplatz". In the mid-1980s, the Heimatverein in Rhüden commissioned the Göttingen archaeologist Andreas Wallbrecht with an investigation of the Wall-Graben complex, who published his results in 1990. Due to the discovery of shards of gray clay earthenware in the immediate vicinity of the complex, he dated them to the High and Late Middle Ages .
Archaeological inspections of the Wall-Graben facility were carried out in 2014 and 2016 . Inside were several iron metal objects such as bolts, a nail, and a ribbon. These could be components of a wooden structure, a tower or furniture fittings. Two knives and the tip of a pike from the 14th to 15th centuries were also found. A salvaged non-ferrous metal object is made in the manner of an animal paw , which could be the broken base of a grape .
From a heritage conservation point of view, various measures can contribute to future exploration of the desert and the Wall-Graben system, such as topographical surveying, an evaluation of airborne laser scanning , a pedological analysis and geophysical prospecting.
literature
- Andreas Wallbrecht: A rampart near Rhüden, Ldkr. Goslar. A medieval tower or a modern cattle kraal or plant garden? in: News from Lower Saxony's Urgeschichte 59, 1990, p. 263 ff.
- Markus C. Blaich : The Iseshusen / Hyseshusen desert near Groß Rhüden, Ldkr.Goslar in: News from Lower Saxony's Prehistory 85, 2016, p. 181 ff. ( Online )
