Ishak Efendi

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İshak Efendi (* around 1774 in Arta ; † around 1836 ) was an Ottoman natural scientist , mathematician and engineer .

Life

İshak Efendi was born into a Jewish family in Arta, Greece, which had been under Ottoman rule several times over the centuries as Narda. He himself converted to the Islamic faith and after the death of his father traveled to Istanbul for study purposes , where he probably studied mathematics in a religious school ( madrasa ) and, in addition to the foreign languages ​​French, Latin, Greek and Hebrew, which he already knew, Turkish and Arabic , Studied Persian and math.

At the Istanbul Military Engineering School , where he prepared for his later career from 1806 to 1815, he advanced to the position of assistant to the headmaster Hüseyin Rıfkı Tamânî , with whom he traveled to Medina in 1816 to help renovate holy places.

In 1824, İshak was appointed to the court of Sultan Mahmud II as a translator and during the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) was appointed to be responsible for the renovation of military fortifications in the Balkans . Back in Istanbul in 1829, he lectured at his old military engineering school and was appointed director ( Başhoca ) in 1831.

As a result of his reform efforts at the school, which were a thorn in the side of his influential predecessor Seyyid Ali Pasha , Efendi was sent on a Hajj on the pretext of overseeing restorations at the holy sites in Medina . He died on his way back around 1836.

Act

In his four-volume main work Mecmua-i Uhum-i Riyaziye, Efendi dealt extensively with mathematics according to the Western standard at the time. In these volumes he dealt with all sub-areas of arithmetic , algebra , geometry , trigonometry , differential calculus and conic sections . To this end, he devoted himself to an overview of the latest findings of the century on physics , mechanics , electricity and chemistry . Efendi also wrote several textbooks on military engineering such as B. the casting of cannons, the building of fortifications and land surveying and translated a considerable amount of European military literature into the Turkish language.

In spite of Efendi's interests, which can clearly be called military, he was of outstanding importance for the introduction and dissemination of natural science in Turkey .

Publications

  • İshak Efendi: Usûl-i istihkamât , Istanbul, Publisher: Dâr et-Tabâa, 1834.
  • İshak Efendi: Mecmua-yı ulûm-i riyaziye , publisher: Bulak Matbaası, 1841-1845
  • İshak Efendi: Mühendishane-yi Sultanî'nin te'sis ve küşadına âmir sultan Selim han salis fermanı , Istanbul, Publisher: Matbaa-yi Bahriye, 1912
  • İshak Efendi: mecmua-i ulum-i riyaziye müsellesat-ı müsteyıye ve ameliyatı hendesiye ve cebrin hendeseye tatbiki ve ilm-i kutu-i mahrütiyat ve hesab-ı tefazül-i ve Tamami: Usul-i-i hikmet tabiiyeden ... , İstanbul, Published by Matbaa-i Âmire, 1831.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ishak Efendi, Hoca. Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World, accessed March 7, 2020 .
  2. ↑ a b ḳh̲od̲j̲a Isḥāḳ Efendi. Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World, accessed March 7, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b Sevtap Gadioglu: Īsḥaḳ Efendi , Lexicon of Significant Natural Scientists, 2007, Volume 2; Elsevier GmbH, Munich; P. 268; ISBN 3-8274-1883-6
personal data
SURNAME Ishak Efendi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman military engineer and scientist
DATE OF BIRTH around 1774
PLACE OF BIRTH Arta (Greece)
DATE OF DEATH around 1836
Place of death unsure: Alexandria