André de Laval
André de Montfort-Laval called André de Lohéac (* 1408 / 10 at Castle Montsûrs ; 1414/2 orphan, testified in 1423; † 29. December 1486 in Laval ) was a French nobleman and military from the time of the Hundred Years' War . He was Sire de Lohéac et de Montjean , then through his marriage from 1451 Baron de Retz , 1436–1439 Admiral of France and from 1439 Marshal of France .
Life
Charles VII
He was the second son of Anne de Laval, Dame de Laval et de Vitré from the House of Montmorency , and Jean de Montfort from the House of Montfort-Laval , who was named Guy XIII after the marriage . de Laval accepted. Guy XIV. De Laval was his older brother. Both were simultaneously vassals of the Breton duke, as well as (in relation to the rule or (from 1429) County Laval ) of the French king.
As early as September 26, 1423 he was serving in the French army against England in the Battle of La Brossinière and was already wearing the sword of Bertrand du Guesclin as a symbol of Breton support for France, which his maternal grandmother, Jeanne de Laval, the widow of the Connétable , bequeathed to him. In March 1428 he was captured by John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury after the siege of Laval during the surrender as defender of the city , but was released by a ransom around mid-June. In the same year he became a lieutenant at Connétable Arthur de Richemont .
On June 4, 1429, he joined the French army, which, with Joan of Arc and the Duke of Alençon, pursued the conquest of the Loire Valley after the siege of Orléans was lifted (May 8, 1429). He fought at the Battle of Jargeau (June 12, 1429), Beaugency and the Battle of Patay (June 18, 1429), where he commanded the vanguard . He also took part in the coronation of Charles VII in Reims (July 17, 1429).
In 1430 André de Laval was commissioned to defend Laval, which had been taken from the English on September 25, 1429 (see Siege of Laval (1429) ). In 1433 the king appointed him military governor of Laval with the task of besieging English defenses in Normandy and installing French governors there.
In 1435/36 he took part in the siege of Paris . In 1436 he was appointed Admiral of France as the successor to the late Louis de Culant and promoted to Marshal of France in 1439 as the successor to the late Pierre de Rieux . Prigent VII de Coëtivy took over his post as admiral .
In 1441 he commanded the French army during the conquest of Pontoise and briefly defeated the English garrison of Mantes , which had advanced to the gates of Paris. In 1442 he was at the siege of Beauvais , in 1443 he was able to end the siege of Dieppe .
In 1449 and 1450 he took part in the campaign that led to the fact that Normandy should be wrested from the English, especially at the decisive battle of Formigny on April 15, 1540, as a result of which the English were pushed back to Calais .
In February 1451, André de Laval married Marie de Rais, daughter of Gilles de Rais , Marshal of France, both of the Laval line of the House of Montmorency . She was the widow of Prigent VII. De Coëtivy, Admiral of France ( House Coëtivy ). The marriage remained childless, Marie de Rais died on November 1, 1457 in Vitré and was buried there. The barony of Retz went to René de Rais , Gilles' brother.
Later that year he found himself at the reconquest of Guyenne , the siege of Blaye , the siege of Bourbourg-Fronsac, the capture of Bordeaux (June 24, 1451) and the siege of Bayonne , which ended on August 20. In 1453 he was sent back to Guyenne after the English had recaptured several places. The Battle of Castillon (July 17, 1453), in which John Talbot was killed and which led to the complete submission of the region (surrender of Bordeaux on October 14).
After his niece Jeanne de Laval married René I , Duke of Anjou on September 10, 1454 , the king (together with Marshal Jean Poton de Xaintrailles and the Comte de Clermont ) against the rebellious Jean V, Comte d'Armagnac , who fled to the King of Aragon .
Louis XI.
In 1456 André de Laval was at the side of King Charles in his fight against the Dauphin, who later became Louis XI. (1456). When the Dauphin ascended the throne in 1461, he was replaced as Marshal by Jean de Lescun , whereupon he retired from court for the next four years.
In the revolt of the Ligue du Bien public (March to October 1465) against Louis XI. André de Laval was one of the military leaders; he was one of the victors of the Battle of Montlhéry and commanded the advance guard on the advance on Paris together with Odet d'Aydie - the uprising ended with the Treaty of Saint-Maur , which contained the provision that André de Laval should become First Marshal of France . The following year he was also appointed Admiral of France, the accumulation lasted until 1476. In 1468 he was also Lieutenant-général du Gouvernement de Paris. Louis XI. took him on in 1469 as the fourth founding member of the Ordre de Saint-Michel . In 1471 he was finally appointed governor of Picardy . Here in 1472 - together with Jeanne Hachette - he succeeded in repelling the attacks of Charles the Bold , Duke of Burgundy , on Beauvais .
He spent his last years in his castle in Montjean . André de Laval died in Laval on December 29, 1486 and was buried in the choir of the collegiate church of Saint-Tugal in Laval.
literature
- M. Bérangerie, Notice biographique , in: Annuaire de la Mayenne , 1837
- Auguste de Serière, André de Laval-Lohéac , in: Mémorial de la Mayenne, Godbert, Laval, 1845, pp. 411-415
- Louis-Julien Morin de la Beauluère, André de Laval, sire de Lohéac , pp. 331–337 of his edition of the Annales et Chroniques Guillaume Le Doyens
- Biography bretonne: recueil de notices sur tous les Bretons , Dumoulin, 1857, p. 358
- Charles Maucourt de Bourjolly, Mémoire chronologique des seigneurs fondateurs, du château et de la ville de Laval , 1711, ed. in Moreau, Laval, 1886, 2 volumes
- Bulletin et mémoires de la société archéologique d'Ille-et-Vilaine , 1894, p. 88
- Arthur Bertrand de Broussillon, La Maison de Laval (1020-1605). Étude historique accompagnée du cartulaire de Laval et de Vitré , Picard, Paris, 1895–1900, 5 volumes, volume 3, pp. 5–12
- Charles Durget, Le Maréchal André de Lohéac , 1901
- Alphonse-Victor Angot, Ferdinand Gaugain, Dictionnaire historique, topographique et biographique de la Mayenne, Laval , Goupil, 1900-1910, Volume 2, pp. 579 and 633-635, Volume 4, p. 535
- Hugh Chisholm, Laval, André de, Seigneur de Lohéac , in: Encyclopædia Britannica , 11th Edition, Volume 16, Cambridge University Press , 1911 ( wikisource )
- Henri de Gastines-Dommaigné, Les Laval à l'armée de Charles VII , Mâcon, 1957, excerpt from the Bulletin de l'association de la noblesse française , 25th year, January 1957
- Detlev Schwennicke , European Family Tables , Volume 14, 1991, Plate 145
- Malcolm Walsby, The counts of Laval , 2007, pp. 18-19, ISBN 9780754658115
Remarks
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Laval, André de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | André de Lohéac, Maréchal de Lohéac; Montfort-Laval, André de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French nobleman, Marshal of France, Admiral of France |
| DATE OF BIRTH | between 1408 and 1410 |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 29, 1486 |
| Place of death | Laval |