Guy XIV. De Laval

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Guy XIV. De Laval (* 1407 ; † September 2, 1486 in Châteaubriant ) was the first Count of Laval ; He was also Baron von Vitré , Vice-Count of Rennes , Lord of Châtillon , Gavre (West Flanders), Acquigny , Aubigné , Courbeveille , Montfort , Gaël , Baron of La Roche-Bernard , Lord of Tinténiac , Bécherel and Romillé , Castellan of La Brétesche , Mr. von Lohéac and La Roche-en-Nort . Guy XIV was simultaneously a vassal of the Duke of Brittany and the King of France .

family

Guy XIV. Is the son of Jean de Montfort († 1414), called Guy XIII. de Laval and Anne de Laval (1385–1466), thus a grandson of Guy XII through his mother . de Laval and Jeanne de Laval, the second wife of the Connétable Bertrand du Guesclin .

In 1430 he married Isabelle de Bretagne, daughter of Duke Jean VI. ; Children from this marriage are:

In 1450 he married Françoise de Dinan for the second time; come from this connection:

  • Pierre, Seigneur de Montafilant , † 1475.
  • François, † 1503; ∞ Françoise de Rieux.
  • Jacques, † 1502, Seigneur de Beaumanoir

biography

Guy XIV was educated at the court of Duke Jean V and in 1419 betrothed to one of his daughters, Marguerite. Marguerite died as early as 1427, so the marriage was not concluded. Well during this time by an unknown master is illuminated Book of Hours emerged whose unnamed well-known artists to the work of this provisional names master of Guy de Laval received. In 1420, just 14 years old, Guys was the second to sign the petition on the basis of which Arthur de Richemont , who had been in English captivity since the Battle of Azincourt in 1415, was released.

In 1424 he accompanied Richemont when he was received by the French Queen Jolanthe of Aragón at Angers Castle , only to be appointed Connétable of France by King Charles VII the following year .

In 1429 he joined the royal army, including Joan of Arc and the Duke of Alençon , to take part in the conquest of the Loire Valley after the siege of Orléans was lifted . As the deputy of the Count of Flanders (who was identical to the Duke of Burgundy and thus the leader of the opposite side) he took part in the coronation of Charles VII in Reims in the same year . On the same day (July 17, 1429) the lordship Laval was raised to the county. Guy XIV stayed near the king until September 1430, and the month after that in Redon Isabelle de Bretagne, the only daughter of Duke Jean VI. to marry.

In 1439 he took part in the Anglo-French contract negotiations in Gravelines . In 1443 his wife died. In 1447 he brought a dispute with Duke François I before the parliament, after he had tried without his consent to raise soldiers in Guy's Barony Vitré without obtaining Guy's consent. The parliament agreed with Guy. In 1448/49 he was one of the commanders in the French campaign in Brittany and Normandy , which sealed the end of English rule on the continent.

In 1440 Guy XIV broke off the engagement of his son François (later Guy XV) to Françoise de Dinan, Jacques de Dinan's heir, in favor of Gilles de Bretagne, a younger son of Duke Jean V. Gilles died in prison in 1450, the widow was just 14 years old. Guy XIV., Aged 43, succeeded him, and he married Françoise in the same year, passing on to his 15-year-old son. This marriage brought the Count of Laval the important dominions of Châteaubriant , Montafilant and Beaumanoir .

In 1451, Guy XIV made Alain IX at the State Assembly in Vannes . de Rohan contested his role in the presidency. When the dispute was brought to him, Duke Pierre II decided that Rohan was due the place to the left of the Duke on the first and subsequent odd meeting days, Laval on the even days, and justified this by stating that Guy's claim to the Barony of Vitré was based whose mother is still alive as the owner of Vitré, so he can only be regarded as an heir. It was also decided that Guy XIV should be given first rank after the death of his mother (she died in 1466). Rohan's objection to the decision led to its repeal by Duke François II in 1460. Guy's appeal to the Parlement in Paris failed in 1471, but the dispute did not end. Resumptions took place before the Breton Council in 1476 and 1478, a final decision is not known.

In 1458 Guy de Laval took part in the parliamentary session in Vendôme , which judged the Duke of Alençon. Here he had his place in the line of the Princes of the Blood next to the Count of Vendôme . 1463 established King Ludwig XI. an audit office in Laval, which again underlines the importance of the House of Laval, since at that time this only applies to the Duke of Bourbon , the Count of Vendôme, the Count of Penthièvre , the Count of Nevers , the Duke of Bar , the Count of Dunois and it was true for the Count of Laval.

In 1464 the French princes invited Guy XIV to join their alliance against the king, but Laval refused to participate directly, but sent his eldest son François. 1467 confirmed King Ludwig XI. the rights granted by his father to the Count of Laval - and thus opposed Count Karl of Maine , who had objected to the elevation of Laval to the county in view of his own sovereignty over the Laval lordship, as he now feared their equality. In addition, Guy XIV was given precedence over the Chancellor and the Bishops, giving him the same position as the Count of Armagnac , the Count of Foix and the Count of Vendôme. 1481 separated Louis XI. Removed County Laval from County Maine and placed it directly under the Crown.

literature

  • Émile Cesbron: Jeanne d'Arc et le Bas-Maine. Goupil, Laval 1909, (special reprint from: Semaine religieuse du diocèse de Laval. February 27, 6, 13, March 27, 1909, ISSN  2137-984X ; online ( memento of February 6, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) at lamayenne.fr (PDF; 98 kB, French)).
  • Malcolm Walsby: The Counts of Laval. Culture, Patronage and Religion in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century France. Ashgate, Aldershot et al. 2007, ISBN 978-0-7546-5811-5 .
  • Guy XIV de Laval. In: Alphonse Angot, Ferdinand Gaugain: Dictionnaire historique, topographique et biographique de la Mayenne. Volume 4: Supplément. Goupil, Laval 1910, p. 528.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ^ Hyacinthe Morice: Mémoires Pour Servir De Preuves A L'Histoire Ecclesiastique Et Civile De Bretagne, Tirés Des Archives De Cette Province, de celles de France & d'Angleterre, des Recueils de plusieurs sçavans Antiquaires, & mis en ordre. Volume 2. Osmont, Paris 1744, p. XXIX .
personal data
SURNAME Guy XIV. De Laval
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Laval, Guy de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Count of Laval
DATE OF BIRTH 1407
DATE OF DEATH September 2, 1486
Place of death Châteaubriant