Guy XII. de Laval

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Coat of arms of Guys XII. of Laval according to the Second Treaty of Guérande (1381)

Guy XII. de Laval , until 1348 Jean de Laval (he took the name Guy according to family tradition when he inherited his brother's inheritance; † April 21, 1412 at Laval Castle ) was a nobleman and soldier on both sides of the Breton-French border; He was Sire de Laval , Sire de Vitré , Lord of Gavere , Sire de Châteaubriant (until 1383, as from the right of his wife), Seigneur de Belleville, also Count of Caserta , Seigneur d ' Acquigny , Hérouville et de Villemomble, Viscount de Rennes , and Châtelain du Désert .

His position as a wealthy feudal lord involved in the succession disputes in the Duchy of Brittany (1341–1364) puts him at the center of this part of the Hundred Years War . He is closely associated with the Connétables Bertrand du Guesclin and Olivier V. de Clisson , who were close to the Laval line of the House of Montmorency : Guy XII. was the head of the family, Olivier de Clisson was his brother-in-law from 1361 and du Guesclin married a cousin (who became Guys second wife in 1384).

Life

Guy XII. de Laval was the second son of Guy X. de Laval (X 1347) and Béatrix of Bretagne, Dame de Hédé , Duke Arthur II was his grandfather. He became head of the family in 1348 through the death of his brother Guy XI. de Laval .

In the same year he married Louise de Châteaubriant, Dame de Châtillon-en-Vendelais et d ' Olivet , daughter of Geoffroy VIII, Baron de Châteaubriant, and Jeanne de Belleville , the "Breton Tigress"; she was the sister of Geoffroy IX. de Châteaubriant, who died in 1347 (in the same battle as Guy X. de Laval) without heirs and made his sister Louise heir to one of the "Nine Old Breton Baronies".

Before that, the Hundred Years War after the Battle of Crecy (August 26, 1346) and the War of the Breton Succession after the Battle of La Roche-Derrien (June 20, 1347) had entered a dormant phase - the plague had a firm grip on Western Europe for the next few years. Guy XII. stayed in Guyenne during these years , where his wife owned property.

After the plague subsided and the war flared up again, especially the Battle of Poitiers , which was disastrous for France on September 19, 1356, when King John II was captured by the English, and when Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster , was captured on September 3 , 1356 October 1356 began a siege of Rennes , joined Guy XII. again in evidence in Brittany. Like de Viscount Jean I den Rohan and Charles de Dinan, he had hurried to Rennes and let himself be locked in, while Bertrand du Guesclin, who had not made it in time, hid himself in the surrounding woods and the English kept hiding put on alarm. Despite an armistice, which was negotiated by the papal legates in Bordeaux on March 23, 1357 and which ran from Easter 1357 to Easter 1359, the Duke of Lancaster delayed the lifting of the siege into the summer.

After the Battle of Auray (September 29, 1364), which ended the War of the Breton Succession, Bertrand Du Guesclin was captured by John Chandos , the chief of the English army. His ransom was 100,000 livres . King Charles V raised 40,000 livre, Guy de Laval the rest.

In 1370 Guy XII. von Laval ordered from King Charles V to set up two companies to stop the enemy from looting. On December 4th of that year he was one of the commanders who defeated the English under Robert Knolles at the Battle of Pontvallain . The following year he took part in du Guesclin's campaign in Poitou . When the regions between Loire and Garonne submitted to the French king at the beginning of 1373, Laval, Clisson and Rohan achieved the submission of La Roche-sur-Yon , which they had besieged for almost a year. After this campaign, Guy XII returned. back to his fiefdom.

In 1380 he brokered the reconciliation between the French King Charles V († September 16, 1380) and his not yet mature successor Charles VI. , and the Breton Duke John V , which resulted in the signing of the 2nd Treaty of Guérande on January 15, 1381.

In 1382 the duke, who was now reconciled with France, accompanied the young King Charles VI. on his campaign to Flanders. Guy XII was also in his wake. de Laval, who took part in the Battle of Roosebeke on November 7, 1382. He was withdrawn from further campaigns because the duke charged him with ruling Brittany as his lieutenant-général , with the power to act like himself and to show mercy, to set up governors and captains in all places, to grant truces .

family

Louise de Châteaubriant died on November 27, 1383 and was buried in Clairmont monastery . Their son Louis, the only child from his marriage, is only recorded in 1369, so he will have died before his mother - the barony of Châteaubriant did not become permanent property of the Laval family, it passed to Louis de Dinan.

By marriage contract ( Meslay May 28, 1384) he married his second cousin Jeanne de Laval, daughter of Jean de Laval, Seigneur de Châtillon-en-Vendelais , and Isabeau de Inkiac, widow of Connétable Bertrand du Guesclin, who died in 1380. The marriage required a dispensation because of close relatives, which the King of France himself applied to the Pope. Your children are:

  • Anne , b.1385; † Vitré January 20, 1466, 1412 Dame de Laval et de Vitré, buried in Saint-Tugal in Laval. ∞ (1) (marriage contract January 15 and 22, 1405) Jean de Montfort, 1406 as Guy XIII. Sire de Laval et de Vitré; † Rhodes August 12, 1414 ( House Montfort-Laval ). ∞ (2) 1416, then separated, Jean Turpin, Burgundian chamberlain, attested 1415/32
  • Guy, † before 1403, buried in the Minorite Church of Notre Dame des Cordeliers in Laval
  • François, † before 1403, buried in the Minorite Church in Laval
  • Guy, b.1389; † March 25, 1413 (old style) by falling from his horse, Lord von Gavere, buried in the Minorite Church in Laval.

Duke Johann V died in 1399, his son Johann VI. was a minor. His widow Johanna von Navarre took over the reign. When her remarriage to King Henry IV of England was initiated , she resigned as regent and guardian of her son in favor of the Duke of Burgundy (October 19, 1402). The Duke of Burgundy, in turn, made Guy XII. von Laval to his representative in absence, a task from which he was given by John VI. only after the age of majority was given birth with a patent letter dated January 14, 1404.

Guy XII. de Laval died on April 21, 1412 at Laval Castle and - like his first wife - was buried in the Abbaye de Clairmont . His second wife survived him for a good twenty years, she died on December 27, 1433 in Vitré and was buried in the Minorite Church of Laval .

literature

Web links

  • Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Brittany, Seigneurs de Châteaubriand ( online )
  • Étienne Pattou, Maison de Montmorency ( online )

Remarks

  1. ↑ Pattou: † April 24, 1414
  2. ↑ Pattou
  3. ↑ Jeanne married Olivier IV. De Clisson for the second time and became the mother of Olivier V, who was also the half-brother of Guy's wife
  4. ^ Cawley
  5. ↑ Couanier, p. 102
  6. ↑ Lobineau / Maurice, pp. 287f
  7. ↑ Couanier, p. 105
  8. ↑ Couanier, p. 106
  9. ^ Lobineau, Morice, p. 344
  10. ↑ Couanier, p. 107
  11. ↑ Aubert
  12. ↑ Couanier, p. 115.
  13. ↑ Couanier, p. 116
  14. ^ Joanna was a daughter of Charles II of Navarre and Joanna of France, a sister of the Duke of Burgundy
  15. ↑ Couanier, pp. 123-125
  16. ↑ Pattou: † October 27, 1437
personal data
SURNAME Laval, Guy XII.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jean de Laval
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French nobleman and military man, Lord of Laval
DATE OF BIRTH 14th Century
DATE OF DEATH April 21, 1412
Place of death Laval