Jean de Lescun

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Jean de Lescuns coat of arms until 1461

Jean bâtard d'Armagnac , called Jean de Lescun (* around 1405/10; † shortly after June 1, 1473 in the Dauphiné ), Comte de Comminges et de Briançonnais , was Marshal of France , Governor of the Dauphiné , Lieutenant-General of Guyenne , counselor and first chamberlain to King Louis XI. Etc.

Life

Jean de Lescun is the illegitimate son of Arnaud-Guilhem de Lescun, who was Bishop of Aire from 1393-1418 , and Annette d'Armagnac de Termes and thus comes from the paternal side of the old and small lordship of Lescun in Béarn . His brother is the illegitimate Jean de Lescun, who was Archbishop of Auch from 1462 to 1483 .

He began his military career with Jean d'Armagnac , Vicomte de Lomagne, in whose service he made it to a renowned captain. When Jean d'Armagnac renounced his allegiance to King Charles VII , Jean de Lescun followed him to the Auvergne , devastating the land they crossed. In 1444, the Crown Prince, who later became King Ludwig XI. marched against the Count of Armagnac. Ludwig quickly got the upper hand and took Jean d'Armagnac prisoner. Jean de Lescun, on the other hand, joined the Crown Prince and was in his service from now until the end of his life.

Jean des Lescuns coat of arms from 1461

Jean de Lescun owed his career to the favor of Louis XI, whose favorite he was already when he was still a Dauphin . On August 10, 1450 - at that time he was Seigneur de Gourdon and Tournon - he was appointed Seneschal of Valentinois , on October 4, 1450 as Marshal of the Dauphiné. In 1454 he acquired the baronies of Mauléon and Cazaubon from the Count of Armagnac .

On January 4, 1457 he became governor of the Dauphiné , but he could only take office on August 8, 1461.

On August 3, 1461 - ten days after Ludwig's accession to the throne - he was appointed Marshal of France, a week later, on September 11, as an officer in the Cour des Aides , as well as - even before the coronation of Louis - the usufruct of the county Comminges

In 1462 he was appointed lieutenant-général and governor of Guyenne . On May 26, 1463 he was legitimized. On June 16, 1463 Louis Bastet de Crussol was appointed as his successor as governor of the Dauphiné. On November 30, 1464 he was appointed Comte de Briançonnais . From 1468 to 1473 he was governor of Lyon .

When the Ordre de Saint-Michel was founded on August 1, 1469, he was appointed a knight. After Louis de Crussol's resignation as governor of the Dauphiné in the second half of 1472, Jean de Lescun took over this office again until his death. On April 26, 1473 he wrote his will, which he added on June 1, 1473 to include regulations for his funeral. He died shortly thereafter in the same year.

Jean de Lescun was also Seigneur de Sauveterre en Comminges et Lombez, Vicomte de Serrières, Sire de Saint-Béat and Seigneur de Langoiran .

The final reconquest of Aquitaine from the English, his office as governor, the failure of the House of Lomagne (Counts of Armagnac, Rodez and La Marche and Dukes of Nemours), as well as the favor of the king brought him further fiefs: Labastide-d'Armagnac , Monclar , Marguestau , Castelnau , Larée ..., plus in the Albigeois the lordships of Labastide-de-Lévis , Castelnau-de-Lévis , Puybegon , Sénégats and Graulhet ; in Quercy and Agenais he acquired Gourdon, Fumel and Tournon.

marriage and family

Jean de Lescun married Margherita di Saluzzo († after 1478) in 1465, daughter of Lodovico I del Vasto , Marchese di Saluzzo , and Isabella Paleologa von Montferrat. Your children are:

  • Catherine d'Armagnac, Dame de Langoiran , who received the fief of her in the Quercy; ∞ Gaston de Montferrand, son of Bertrand IV. De Montferrand and Antoinette
  • Madeleine d'Armagnac († 1515), Dame de Sauveterre en Comminges et Lombez , Baronne de l'Eauzan ( Casaubon , Mauléon etc.), to whom her father also bequeathed the fiefs in the Albigeois .; ∞ November 13, 1484 Hugues d'Amboise, Seigneur, Seigneur d ' d'Aubijoux , Seneschal of Beaucaire, killed on September 14, 1515 in the battle of Marignano ; they are the parents of Jacques d'Amboise and the grandparents of Louis d'Amboise d'Aubijoux.
  • Antoinette d'Armagnac

In addition, he had three illegitimate children from Marie Sohier from Gennep in Brabant, who were legitimized in April 1466: Jeannot de Mauléon et Cazaubon, Catherine et Jeanne

literature

  • Père Anselme , Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison de France , Volume 7, 1733, p. 94
  • Emmanuel Johans, Jean de Lescun (v. 1405-1473): Destinée politique d'un vrai bâtard, pseudo-Armagnac, au service du roi , in: Bâtards et bâtardises dans l'Europe médiévale et modern , Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes , 2016, ISBN 9782753555471 , pp. 279-288.
  • Emmanuel Johans, Les bâtards d'Armagnac (XIVe-XVIe siècles) , in: Éric Bousmar, Alain Marchandisse, Christophe Masson, Bertrand Schnerb (eds.), La bâtardise et l'exercice du pouvoir en Europe du XIIIe au début du XVIe siècle , Coll. Revue du Nord (Hors Série Histoire) No. 31, 2015, pp. 251–266.

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Association des amis du Musée d'histoire militaire de Lyon et de sa région (Lyon, Rhône), Les gouverneurs de Lyon, 1310-2010 le gouvernement militaire territorial , Ed. Lyonnaises d'Art et d'Histoire, ISBN 9782841472260
  2. ↑ Père Anselme
  3. ↑ Guy Allard, Les governors et lieutenans généraux au gouvernement de Dauphiné , Grenoble, Jean Verdier impr., 1704 (reprinted by H. Gariel, Grenoble, 1864, pp. 176–177); Père Anselme mentions January 24th
  4. ↑ Père Anselme, who also notes that Jean de Lescun - since he was always close to the king - appointed Aymé Allemant, Seigneur de Champs, as his deputy on January 30, 1461, and then Soffrey Allemant on March 25, 1465, Seigneur de Chasteauneuf et Uriage - Père Anselme quotes documents from the years 1468 to 1472 in which Jean de Lescun as: "conseiller & premier chambellan du Roi, comte de cominges, maréchal de France, lieutenant-general au duché de Guyenne, & gouverneur du Dauphiné ", while according to Allard he was not governor of the Dauphiné from mid-1463 to mid-1472 (see below)
  5. ↑ Ordonnances des roys de France de la troisième race: Ordonnances rendues depuis le commencement du règne de Louis XI jusqu'au mois de mars 1473, 1811-20 , 1811, No. 468
  6. ↑ With the death of Mathieu de Foix-Comminges in 1453, the county of Comminges reverted to the crown so that the king could dispose of it. However, Jean de Lescun subsequently claimed to belong to the old count house and had the cross pattern of Comminges and the Armagnac lion in his coat of arms and claimed to be the heir of the Counts of Armagnac, although his mother Annette was part of the younger branch of the family, belonged to the Armagnac de Termes ; after Père Anselme, he was appointed not only Marshal but also Count of Comminges on August 3, 1461.
  7. ↑ Père Anselme quotes: "bâtard d'Armagnac, maréchal de France, governor et lieutenant general des Pays & duché de Guyenne".
  8. ^ Allard, p. 177
  9. ↑ Not mentioned by Père Anselme
  10. ↑ Allard
  11. ↑ Père Anselme
  12. ↑ To be distinguished from Sauveterre-de-Comminges
  13. ↑ The region of Saint-Frajou: l'Isle-en-Dodon, Salherm, Lilhac, Montbernard, Puymaurin, Mondilhan, Saint-Ferréol, Escanecrabe, Castéra-Vignoles ... in the province of Savès
  14. ↑ which, according to Père Anselme, can be traced back to the bad impression ("mauvaises impressions") that Jean de Lescun gave the king
  15. ↑ These fiefs of the Viscounts de Lautrec were ceded to him in 1460/66 by the brothers Jean († 1474) and Antoine († 1494) de Lévis-Lautrec; it is not certain that he received Graulhet at this point; it could also have gone to his son-in-law or his grandson.
personal data
SURNAME Lescun, Jean de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Comte de Comminges
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French nobleman, governor of Dauphiné and Lyon
DATE OF BIRTH uncertain: around 1405 or around 1410
DATE OF DEATH after June 1, 1473
Place of death Dauphiné