Israelite free school

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Israelitische Freischule in Hamburg was founded in 1815 as a free school for the sons of poor Jews . It also took in non-Jewish boys from 1859 and was later called the Israelite Foundation School from 1815 and then the Foundation School from 1815 ; afterwards it was called Anton-Rée-Realschule until it was closed in 1933 .

history

The establishment of the school goes back to a donation of the English businessman Baruch Abraham Goldschmidt amounting to two thousand pounds sterling . In June 1815 it opened at Altonaer Tor in rented rooms. Initially, teaching was in two classes, from 1817 in three classes. In the same year Eduard Kley became head of the school. He formulated basic training for trade and craft professions as the aim of the school; The aim was to bring the living conditions of the Jews into line with those of the non-Jewish population.

In addition to religious instruction, which in the sense of the Jewish reform movement was less related to the Talmud and liturgy than was usual up to then and which was primarily intended to convey the basic principles of the Jewish faith, the students received lessons in geometric drawing, mathematics, French and bookkeeping; German lessons were also important to make it easier for the mainly Yiddish- speaking children to integrate.

From 1830 a separate building was used on the Zeughausmarkt . In 1848, Anton Rée , who had been teaching at the school from 1838, became the new school director as Kley's successor . Rée pursued the goal of bringing Jews and Christians together for a common life; Under his leadership, the free school became a simultaneous school, to which paying non-Jewish students were also allowed from 1859 - in 1871 a fund was set up to enable poor Christian children to attend school. Rée expanded the school into a respected secondary school ; After the exams for one-year volunteers could also be taken there since 1870 , the number of pupils grew to over seven hundred - making the school one of the largest in Hamburg. In the same year it was renamed the Israelitische Stiftungsschule von 1815 in accordance with Rées goal of a general free school system . From 1890 the school was only called the foundation school from 1815 since the majority of the students were now non-Jewish. The proportion of Jewish students fell to just over ten percent by 1907.

In 1920 the school was nationalized and has been called the Anton Rée Realschule since then . The Anton-Rée-Realschule was closed in 1933 due to low student numbers.

school-building

School building, built in 1915

The school had been on the Zeughausmarkt since 1830. A new brick building there was built by Fritz Schumacher in 1915. The new building was financed by the state. First, a neighboring property was acquired in 1913.

The angled floor plan and the tight building specifications in terms of height - the Bismarck monument should not be impaired - placed strict requirements on the design of the new building. In addition, Schumacher did not want to obstruct the view of St. Michaelis from the Mühlenberg behind the building site . Schumacher finally realized a three-wing building with two similar three-story side wings and a connecting lower, terraced central wing, which exposed the view of Hamburg's main church. With the two side wings on a square floor plan, Schumacher achieved a monumental effect appropriate to the school despite the limitations of the property. The vertical relief pieces between the windows on the second floor are by Richard Kuöhl ; after damage they were partially added later.

After the Anton-Rée-Realschule was closed, an elementary school with a superstructure for boys existed in the building from 1939 until it was damaged in 1943 during World War II ; Today the State School of Textile and Clothing (G 4) is located here; after Anna Siemsen it is named Anna-Siemsen-Schule . The building has been a listed building since 1982 .

Known students

literature

  • Sybille Baumbach: The Israelitische Freischule from 1815. In: Peter Freimark, Arno Herzig (Hrsg.): The Hamburg Jews in the emancipation phase. 1780-1870. Christians, Hamburg 1989, ISBN 3-7672-1085-1 .
  • Sybille Baumbach: Israelite free school from 1815 (41). In: Kirsten Heinsohn (Red.): The Jewish Hamburg. A historical reference work. Wallstein, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-8353-0004-0 .
  • Hartwig Fiege: History of the Hamburg elementary school. Julius Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 1970, ISBN 3-7815-0007-1 .
  • Fritz Schumacher, edited by Manfred F. Fischer: Hamburger Staatsbauten 1909–1919 / 21. A monument preservation inventory. Christians, Hamburg 1995, ISBN 3-7672-1248-X .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Uwe Schmidt: Hamburg Schools in the "Third Reich", Volume 2: Appendix, Hamburg University Press, Hamburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-937816-74-6 , p. 836.

Coordinates: 53 ° 32 ′ 55.4 "  N , 9 ° 58 ′ 26.2"  E