Civil Defense (Italy)
As civil defense ( ital. Protezione Civile ) is in Italy of civil protection called. The Italian civil protection is primarily a network that includes state authorities and organizations, local authorities and their institutions, and non-governmental organizations .
organization
Civil protection in Italy works on the principle of subsidiarity . Responsible for hazard and risk analysis, prevention, protection, rescue, supply, damage control and damage repair are first of all the mayors of the municipalities , then the presidents of the provinces and regions and ultimately the Italian prime minister . If an event or emergency exceeds the capacity of a lower level, a larger regional authority steps in. At all levels, the respective heads of are executive directly responsible, and not individual ministers or councilors , as in an emergency coordinates all available resources should be brought into use. The respective heads of the executive can delegate their powers and tasks to offices or departments, but not their responsibility. The civil defense is primarily responsible for using the resources of other organizations, but almost all regional authorities also have their own civil defense, including quickly mobilizable technical units and task forces for the rescue, treatment and catering for disaster victims.
At the national level, the Office of the Prime Minister has the Dipartimento della Protezione Civile department . On behalf of the Prime Minister, it draws up the national civil protection plan and specifies the general guidelines for the subordinate local authorities. The national civil defense operations center with a mobile module is also located here.
The regions are responsible for regional prevention and the guidelines for the subordinate provinces. In addition, they control the work of the voluntary civil defense workers. On this level there is the Centro Operativo Regionale , which serves as an operations center for the president of the region.
The provinces draw up their emergency plans on the basis of regional specifications. At the provincial level, the state prefect plays a crucial role as he can take over command of all state branches and organizations in the province if necessary. The operational centers at the provincial level ( Centro Coordinamento dei Soccorsi ) are subordinate to the prefects. Apart from that, subordinate "mixed operations managements" ( Centro Operativo Misto ) can be set up in a disaster area. The prefects ensure that the national organizations fit in with the planning and measures of the local authorities. There are different regulations in autonomous regions and provinces.
The mayors in the municipalities draw up their municipal prevention and action plans on the basis of the specifications of the regions and provinces and run the municipal control centers ( Centro Operativo Comunale ). They plan community resources and local volunteer organizations and use them as first aid in an emergency . They inform the responsible prefect and the respective president of the region about their situation.
The following organizations are involved in Italian civil protection:
- fire Department
- Forest guards of the autonomous regions
- National mountain and cave rescue
- Italian Red Cross and other regional and local emergency services
- Italian armed forces
- Italian police
- National Research Council , other research institutes and universities
- National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology
- National Health Service ( Servizio Sanitario Nazionale )
- Non-governmental organizations with a total of over one million civil defense volunteers
- Enel and Terna (energy supply)
- Telecom Italia (telephone network)
history
Civil protection was first given a legal basis in Italy in 1925. The Ministry of Public Works and the Public Health Institutions were responsible at the time. The reform of 1970 did little to change the rather improvised civil protection, as the earthquakes in Friuli in 1976 and Irpinia in 1980 showed. The construction of today's civil defense began in 1982, initially with its own ministry, then in the interior ministry . The Dipartimento della Protezione Civile was created there in addition to the Department of Fire Brigades and Civil Defense . This department became the Prime Minister after the Civil Protection Act of 1992 was passed. Since then, the Italian civil defense has developed into a modern and effective civil protection organization. The countless voluntary helpers of the non-governmental organizations, who have been systematically integrated into civil protection by the state, play a major role in this.
2013, the National Civil Protection Department issued its firefighting aircraft type Canadair CL-415 from the Italian fire department.
Web links
- Civil defense of the municipality of Olang in South Tyrol (Ger.)
- Civil Protection Office of the Provincial Government of South Tyrol (Ger.)
- Civil defense of the Emilia-Romagna region (it.)
- National Civil Protection Office (it.)