Jindřichův Hradec Jewish community
The Jewish community in Jindřichův Hradec (German Neuhaus ), a town in Jihočeský kraj (South Bohemian Region) in the Czech Republic , was established in the 13th century.
history
According to a royal document from 1249, eight Jewish families were allowed to settle in the village. In later times their number was reduced. The Jews lived in Judengasse (later Kirchgasse) and Am Graben . They occupied a strong position in economic life and mainly dominated the tobacco trade in the region. Some Jewish families achieved considerable wealth.
The Jewish community owned a synagogue , school and cemetery around 1750 .
In the middle of the 19th century, more and more Jewish families moved to Neuhaus. They now played a decisive role in the city's industrial development.
During the First World War , the local Jews took a pro-Austrian position and thereby set themselves apart from the majority of the Czech population. This led to a pogrom in January 1919 in which most of the shops belonging to Jewish owners were looted or destroyed.
The German occupiers during the Second World War destroyed the Jewish community of Jindřichův Hradec. Most of the Jewish residents, 126 in total, were deported.
Community development
| year | Jews |
|---|---|
| around 1250 | 8 families |
| around 1550 | 4 families |
| around 1680 | 6 families |
| 1795 | 11 families |
| around 1860 | about 40 families |
| around 1880 | about 300 people |
| around 1930 | about 230 people |
graveyard
synagogue
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 2: Großbock - Ochtendung. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08078-9 ( online edition ).
