Jakob von Heine

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Jakob Heine

Jakob Heine , from 1854 by Heine , (born April 16, 1800 in Lauterbach (Black Forest) ; † November 12, 1879 in Cannstatt ) was a German orthopedist . He described poliomyelitis in 1838 .

life and work

Heine's father was an innkeeper and sacristan in Lauterbach. Contrary to his wishes, he wanted to become a pastor. As a 22-year-old he passed his school leaving examination in Rottweil. In 1823 he went to Würzburg, where his uncle Johann Georg Heine ran an orthopedic institute. Jakob Heine studied medicine, completed a technical training in orthopedic machine technology with his uncle and completed his studies in Würzburg after four years in 1827 following a biennium practium in the pathology of the Juliusspital with a doctorate ( on the ligation of the subclavian artery ) . In Tübingen he received his license to practice medicine in 1829 .

Doctor and head of the institution in Cannstatt

Heine's Orthopedic Sanatorium in Cannstatt

Jakob left Würzburg in 1829 and opened a specialist orthopedic practice in Cannstatt . He was so successful that he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Cannstatt as early as 1830 . Heine built the first orthopedic institute on Württemberg soil in a house that he had bought and expanded and soon treated patients from all over Europe. His specialties were curvature of the spine, club feet and paralysis of the arms and legs. In addition to orthopedic treatment with apparatus, he also relied on gymnastics and baths in the Cannstatter mineral water (today Bad Cannstatt). One of the children from his marriage to Henriette Ludovike Camerer (1807-1884) in 1831 was the surgeon Carl Wilhelm Heine (1838-1877).

Discovery of spinal polio

Even as an assistant doctor in Würzburg, Heine was interested in diseases of the joints and bones. In Cannstatt he carried out further research in this area and published a book in Stuttgart in 1840 with the title Observations about paralysis of the lower extremities and their treatment . What he described, he called in the "second edition" of 1860 Spinal Polio . Jakob Heine is the discoverer of this disease and will be in the Polio Hall of Fame in Warm Springs (Georgia) together with another fourteen polio researchers and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt , a prominent - as was still believed - victim of this disease honored with a bronze bust.

The Swedish doctor and researcher Karl Oskar Medin (1847–1927), who recognized the epidemic character of the disease, built on Heine's findings. Hence the designation of polio as Heine-Medin disease, along with poliomyelitis .

Last years

Grave site of the Heine family in the Uff churchyard

Jakob Heine retired in 1865. Since he could not find a successor, this was the end of the orthopedic institute. Heine died at the age of 79 and was buried in the Uff churchyard .

Honors

Memorial plaque for Johann Georg and Jakob Heine in Lauterbach
  • 1854: Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown , ennobled
  • 1971: Memorial plaque in Lauterbach
  • 1979: Memorial plaque on the Badstrasse 15 building in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt
  • 1993: Jakob-Heine-Platz in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Doris Schwarzmann-Schafhauser: Heine, Jacob von. 2005, p. 561 f.
  2. ↑ August Rütt: Heine, a name of German pioneers in orthopedics in the early 19th century in Würzburg and its effect on the “old world”. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 4, 1986, pp. 93-103; here: p. 99.
  3. ↑ According to recent research, Roosevelt did not suffer from polio, but from Guillain-Barré syndrome
  4. ↑ Royal Württemberg Court and State Manual 1862, p. 43
personal data
SURNAME Heine, Jakob von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heine, Jakob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physician and discoverer of spinal polio
DATE OF BIRTH April 16, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Lauterbach (Black Forest)
DATE OF DEATH November 12, 1879
Place of death Cannstatt , Württemberg