Yakov Tejtel
Jakow Lwowitsch Tejtel (also Jacob Teitel, born November 15, 1850 in Chornyj Ostriw , Russian Empire ; died 1939 in Paris ) was a Russian lawyer, judge, real councilor and founder of the Association of Russian Jews in Germany .
Life
Little is known about Tejtel's childhood and youth. Born in 1850, he studied law in Moscow and entered civil service in 1885. Tejtel was mainly active in southern Russia, outside of the Jewish settlement area in Russia. Tejtel spent the longest time as a judge in Samara , then after 23 years he was transferred to Saratov . Although at home in southern Russia, Tejtl had a great reputation in the Volhynian Shtetlech , as he was one of the highest Jewish officials in the Russian judiciary and at the time the only Jewish judge in Russia.
From 1905 onwards, Tejtel was increasingly pressured to resign from the civil service, as at that time he was one of the few Jewish civil servants and, after the revolution of 1905, anti-Semitism in the Russian civil service became increasingly stronger. In 1912 he finally resigned from office and was active in international Jewish welfare.
Tejtel tried in cooperation with the Portuguese government to found a Jewish colony in Angola , but this was prevented by the First World War . After the Bolshevik Revolution he emigrated - like large parts of the Russian-Jewish intelligentsia with him - in April 1921 and first lived in Berlin , where he and Simon Dubnow formed the center of the Russian-Jewish diaspora. In addition, Tejtel founded the Association of Russian Jews in Germany in January 1920 and then expanded it to various German cities, for example in 1931 with a branch in Munich . In 1935 the Association of Russian Jews in Germany was banned by the Gestapo .
In 1929 he published his autobiography From my life's work: Memories of a Jewish Judge in Old Russia , which was translated from Russian into German by Elias Hurwicz , Simon Dubnow wrote a foreword to it, Maxim Gorki made a contribution.
In 1933 Tejtel emigrated to France, where he died in 1939.
Fonts
- Translation Elias Hurwicz : From my life's work: Memories of a Jewish judge in old Russia , re-edited by Hentrich & Hentrich Berlin in 1999.
literature
- Jewish Lexicon , 1927, Volume 5, Column 902f.
- Salomon Wininger , Great Jewish National Biography , Vol. VI, p. 93, Czernowitz 1932
- Teitel, Jacob , in: Joseph Walk (ed.): Short biographies on the history of the Jews 1918–1945 . Munich: Saur, 1988, ISBN 3-598-10477-4 , p. 364
Individual evidence
- ^ According to Walk, died in Paris in 1940
- ↑ Martin Aust: The Russian Revolution: From the Tsarist Empire to the Soviet Empire . CH Beck, 2017, ISBN 978-3-406-70753-7 ( google.de [accessed December 15, 2017]).
- ↑ Johannes Baur: The Russian Colony in Munich 1900-1945: German-Russian Relations in the 20th Century . Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-447-04023-5 ( google.de [accessed December 15, 2017]).
- ↑ Bibliographical information from: Olaf Terpitz: Simon Dubnow und seine Translators , in: Verena Dohrn , Gertrud Pickhan (Eds.): Transit and Transformation: Eastern European Jewish Migrants in Berlin 1918–1939 . Göttingen: Wallstein, 2010 ISBN 978-3-8353-0797-1 , pp. 133f.
- ↑ Verena Dohrn: Jewish Elites in the Russian Empire: Enlightenment and Integration in the 19th Century . Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 2008, ISBN 978-3-412-20233-0 ( google.de [accessed December 15, 2017]).
- ^ Jewish Museum Berlin: Jewish Museum Berlin: special exhibition "Berlin Transit" - Association of Russian Jews. Retrieved December 15, 2017 (German).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Tejtel, Jakow |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Teitel, Jakob |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian judge and founder of the Union of Russian Jews in Germany |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 15, 1850 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Chornyj Ostriv |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1939 |
| Place of death | Paris |