Jan Friedrich Tönnies

Jan Friedrich Tönnies (born October 10, 1902 in Eutin , Holstein, † December 24, 1970 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German inventor, scientist, manufacturer and politician. He was the son of the sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies .

Life

After studying engineering in Munich, Tönnies worked through his father in Berlin-Buch for the brain researcher Oskar Vogt , a friend who was connected to his home country , received his doctorate from Heinrich Fassbender on the differential amplifier he had invented, and developed the first self-writing EEG Device . Tönnies then worked from 1936 to 1939 at the Rockefeller Institute in New York in close collaboration with the later Nobel Prize winner Herbert S. Gasser scientifically in the field of electrophysiology .

After the war Tönnies built in Freiburg / Br. set up a factory in which he successfully developed and manufactured devices for neurophysiological research and clinical practice until his death (many of them based on the cathode follower he invented , which today is one of the basic circuits in electrical engineering as emitter follower ). In 1968, the medical faculty of the University of Freiburg appointed Tönnies as a doctor of medicine at the instigation of his friend, the neurologist Richard Jung in recognition of his services to neurophysiological research. med. hc

Together with Renate Riemeck, Tönnies was co-founder and member of the Presidium of the DFU , a party that was programmatically directed against the nuclear armament of the Bundeswehr, advocated a neutralist policy and called for military disarmament and an easing of the confrontation between the blocs. After the Warsaw Pact troops marched into Czechoslovakia in 1968, Tönnies left the DFU.

Tönnies was with the painter Elfriede geb. Balden married, he had two daughters (Janette and Constanze). The physicist Jan Peter Tönnies is the son of his older brother, the chemist Gerrit Tönnies , the publicist Sibylle Tönnies is the daughter of his younger brother Kuno Tönnies .

Publications

• The neurograph, an apparatus for recording bioelectrical processes with the elimination of the photographic curve display in: Die Naturwissenschaften 20. Jahrg., Issue 22/24 (1932)
• with AE Kornmüller: Registration of the specific streams of action of architectural bark fields by means of the Tönniess neurograph in: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde , Vol. 120, Issue 1/4 (1933)
• The neurograph, an apparatus for the directly visible registration of bioelectrical phenomena in: Deutsche Zeitschrift für Nervenheilkunde, Vol. 130, pp. 60–67 (1933)
• Deriving bioelectrical effects from the unopened skull , Journal for Psychology and Neurology , 45: pp. 154–171 (1933)
• Tone variator for musicality tests Journal for Psychology and Neurology , 45, no. 6, pp. 533-544 (1934)
• The unipolar dissipation of electrical voltages in the human brain. Die Naturwissenschaften 22: S. 411–414 (1934)
• AC mains connection amplifier with high temporal constancy (Dissertation TH Berlin 1935)
• Reflex discharges from the spinal cord over the dorsal roots , Journal of Neurophysiology 1: pp. 378-390 (1938)
• Differential amplifier , Review of Scientific Instruments 9, pp. 95-97 (1938)
• Conditioning of afferent impulses by reflex discharges over the dorsal roots , Journal of Neurophysiology 2, pp. 515-525 (1939).
• Tube voltmeter for higher voltages , Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift, 62nd year, issue 13/14, p. 152 (1942).
• with Richard Jung, About rapidly repeated discharges of the motor neurons and the inhibition phase of the flexion reflex , Pflüger's archive for the entire physiology of humans and animals , Volume 250 pp. 667–693 (1948)
• with Paul Hoffmann and Eduard Schenck, About the flexion reflex of normal people , in: Pflüger's archive for the entire physiology of humans and animals, Volume 250, pp. 724-732 (1948)
• with Paul Hoffmann, Evidence of the completely constant occurrence of the tongue-jaw reflex in humans , Pflüger's archive for the entire physiology of humans and animals, Volume 250, pp. 103-108 (1948)
• with Richard Jung, The registration and evaluation of rotational nystagmus in humans , Klinische Wochenschrift Volume 26 pp. 513-521 (1948) PMID 18892510
• The excitation control in the central nervous system, excitation focus of the synapse and feedback as functional principles , Archive for Psychiatry and Journal of Neurology, Vol. 182, pp. 478-535 (1949)
• The technique of the electrencephalogram , Archive for Psychiatry and Journal for Neurology, Vol. 183, pp. 245-256 (1949)
• Some technical aids for electrencephalography: basic rhythm measurement, afterglow observation, automatically regulated DC amplifier , European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, ISSN  1433-8491 , volume 183 245-256 (1949)
• with Richard Jung, brain electrical investigations on the development and maintenance of convulsive discharges: the processes at the stimulus location and the brain's ability to brake , archive for psychiatry and nervous diseases united with magazine for the whole of neurology and psychiatry, volume 185, pp. 701-735 (1950)
• Controreazioni sinaptiche del fenomene convulsivo, gnali di ritotno e capacita frenatrice , Riviata Di Neurologia, Vol XXI, pp. 1-12 (1951)
• with HH Klepzig and HH Reindell, possibilities of evaluating unipolar EEG recordings with a limited frequency range of the apparatus , Medmonth. 5 (1): pp. 36-41 (1951) PMID 14815225
• Neurophysiological regulations against the spasms: Feedback and braking , Der Nervenarzt, 23rd year p. 274 (conference contribution) (1952)
• Physical conditions required for triggering pulses from the nerve endings into the nerve fibers , In: Acta Physiol Scand 29 (1): pp. 128-30 (1953) PMID 13104177
• The “isosynchronism” of the synapse as a support for the electrical mode of transmission , Pflügers Archive, Volume 270, Issue 1 p. 7 (1959)
• Electronics in Electro-Physiological Research , Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Medical Electronics, pp. 57-60 (1960)
• Neutralized program for German unification , sheets for German and international politics 3/1960
• Race technology-politics , sheets for German and international politics 4/1960
• The physical principles of the EEG , Clinical Electroencephalography 1961, pp. 39-75
• The recording of the EEG spectrum , Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 23 (4): p. 385 (1967)
• Automatic EEG interval spectrum analysis (EISA) for long-term presentation of sleep periods and anesthesia , Archive for Psychiatry and Nervous Diseases, United with Journal for Total Neurology and Psychiatry, ISSN  1433-8491 , Volume 212, pp. 423-445 (1969)

Patents

• 1927 - Device for starting AC motors
• 1931 - DC amplifier arrangement
• 1932 - Galvanic coupling of a single-tube stage with a push-pull tube stage
• 1935 - Method for measuring static charges or changes in charge of small capacities by means of high vacuum amplifier tubes
• 1935 - Device for the derivation of electrical voltages in disturbance-sensitive arrangements, especially on the biological object
• 1936 - Arrangement for regulating the terminal voltage on an electricity consumer
• 1936 - Arrangement for measuring DC voltages with an amplifier tube
• 1936 - Arrangement to amplify the difference in potentials between two points that are not connected to earth by means of an earthed amplifier
• 1937 - Amplifier
• 1937 - Arrangement for recording the electrocardiogram with amplifiers
• 1937 - Arrangement to compensate for the interference voltage drop that occurs in the grounding electrode when the electrocardiogram is recorded
• 1941 - Arrangement for measuring alternating voltages
• 1950 - Synchronized electric kadioscope
• 1950 - Device for photographing the screen images of several cathode ray oscilloscopes
• 1952 - Amplifier tube arrangement in cathode follower circuit

literature

• John C. Eccles : Jan-Friedrich Tönnies . 1971
• Johann-Albrecht Schaeder: Obituary for Jan Friedrich Tönnies . 1972
• Volker Wunderlich: Jan Friedrich Tönnies at the Rockefeller Institute in New York . 2010
• Cornelius Borck: brain waves, a cultural history of electroencephalography . 2005
• Volker Wunderlich: Jan Friedrich Tönnies at the Rockefeller Institute in New York , in: Tönnies Forum Issue 1/2010, pp. 36–50.
• Volker Wunderlich: Forced to exodus. 1933-1945. Life paths of scientists from Berlin-Buch . 2014

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Gasser, Herbert S. , Autobiography, in: Experimental Neurology 9, Suppl. 1, 1 - 38, p. 23
2. ^ Wunderlich, Jan Friedrich Tönnies at the Rockefeller Institute in New York, in: Tönnies-Forum, 1/2020, 19th year
3. ^ The obituary of the Nobel Prize winner John C. Eccles on Tönnies, in: J Neurophysiol. 1971 Sep; 34 (5): 937)
4. ↑ Patent DE532318A : Device for starting AC motors with the aid of an asynchronous frequency converter. Supplement: Patent DE539838A : device for switching of AC motors. ‌
5. ↑ DC amplifier arrangement . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
6. ↑ DC amplifier arrangement , supplement DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
7. ↑ Galvanic coupling of a single-tube stage with a push-pull tube stage DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
8. ↑ Method for measuring static charges or changes in charge of small capacities by means of high vacuum amplifier tubes . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
9. ↑ Procedure for measuring static charges or changes in charge of small capacities by means of high vacuum amplifier tubes, supplement . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
10. ↑ Device for deriving electrical voltages in interference-sensitive arrangements, especially on biological objects . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
11. ↑ Arrangement for regulating the terminal voltage on a power consumer . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
12. ↑ Arrangement for measuring DC voltages with an amplifier tube . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
13. ↑ Arrangement for amplifying the difference in potentials between two points that are not connected to earth by means of an earthed amplifier . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
14. ↑ Amplifier . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
15. ↑ Arrangement for recording the electrocardiogram with amplifiers . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
16. ↑ Arrangement to compensate for the interference voltage drop that occurs in the grounding electrode when the electrocardiogram is recorded . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
17. ↑ Arrangement for measuring alternating voltages . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
18. ↑ Synchronized electrocadioscope . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
19. ↑ Device for photographing the screen images of several cathode ray oscillographs . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)
20. ↑ Amplifier tube arrangement in cathode follower circuit . DEPATIS system of the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA)