Jan Mankes

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Self-portrait Jan Manke
Self-portrait, 1918

Jan Mankes (born August 15, 1889 in Meppel , † April 23, 1920 in Eerbeek ) was a Dutch painter and draftsman. When he died at the age of 30, he left behind a work of around 150 paintings, 100 drawings and around 40 etchings and prints. His work has been included in the collections of the Rijksmuseum and the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam , among others , and a larger collection of his work is in the Museum Arnhem .

Life

Jan Mankes was born as the youngest child of the tax officer Beint Mankes and his wife Jentje Hartsuiker, who came from Meppel . He had a brother two years older and a sister three years older. The three-year high school (HBS) in Meppel, which he attended in 1902, was not suitable for him, so he did not finish it, but after a transfer of his father an apprenticeship as a glass painter in the famous glass kiln and art glass factory "Prinsenhof" by JL Schouten in Delft completed. 1905–1906 he attended evening courses in drawing at the Academy of Fine Arts in The Hague .

Painting Self-Portrait with an Owl, 1911 (a man in a black cap and white shirt holds an owl in his hand, both look at the viewer)
Self-portrait with an owl, 1911

At the age of eighteen in 1908 he decided to pursue a career as a freelance artist. After his father's retirement in 1909, he moved with his parents to De Knipe near Heerenveen , where he found his most important motifs - animals, especially birds - in rural surroundings. The self-portrait with an owl, one of his most famous works , was created here in 1910 . From 1912 he also worked with etchings, inspired by the Japanese artist Hokusai .

Through an art dealer he came into contact with Aloys Pauwels , a cigar manufacturer and art collector from The Hague, who became his patron - for years he provided him with all kinds of painting materials and objects for still lifes, some of them also living animals (white mice, chickens, hedgehogs, crows , Owls) that the artist drew. Mankes' letters have survived from the lively correspondence between the two men from 1910 to 1918.

In 1913 he met the theologian Annie Zernike , the first Mennonite preacher in the Netherlands, whom he married in 1915 in Schoterland . Mankes shared liberal beliefs with his wife, including anti-militarism and vegetarianism . The couple initially continued to live in the rural community in Heerenveen, where they had met and where Zernike had worked as a preacher, but then moved to The Hague and became part of the local art scene. For health reasons - Mankes had tuberculosis at the beginning of 1916 - they lived in the country again from 1917, in Eerbeek near Arnhem. After the birth of their son Beint in March 1918, Mankes' health deteriorated increasingly; he was bedridden at the end of 1918 and died in Eerbeek in April 1920.

plant

Between 1907 and 1918 Jan Mankes created around 150 mostly small-format paintings, 100 drawings and around 40 etchings and prints. Still lifes , animals and landscapes dominate the motifs . His work is associated with symbolism and realism , but there are also abstract , almost cubist elements that characterize his own style. A transparent, multi-layered application of paint produces pearlescent effects and makes the oil paintings appear almost like watercolors .

  • Jonge witte geit, 1914

    Jonge witte geit, oil on canvas, 1914

  • Vaas met jasmijn, 1913

    Vaas met jasmijn, oil on canvas, 1913

  • Woudsterweg bij Oranjewoud, 1912

    Woudsterweg bij Oranjewoud, oil on canvas, 1912

Exhibitions

literature

  • Mankes, Jan . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 24 : Mandere – Möhl . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1930, p. 18 .
  • Mankes, Jan . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 3 : K-P . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1956, p. 313 .
  • RKD - Nederlands Instituut voor Kunstgeschiedenis (ed.): Jan Mankes, een kunstenaarsleven in brieven, 1910–1920 . Waanders Uitgevers, Zwolle, Den Haag 2012, ISBN 978-94-91196-35-5 .
  • Yme Kuiper, Jan de Lange, Stefan Kuiper: Tentoonstelling Woudsterweg: de Friese Jaren van Jan Mankes [catalog for the exhibition from February 23 to June 24, 2007] . Ed .: Museum Belvédère. Heerenveen-Oranjewoud 2007, ISBN 978-90-71139-02-4 .
  • Alied Ottevanger, Caroline Roodenburg-Schadd: Jan Mankes, 1889–1920 [with catalog raisonné, by Karlijn Berends and Tosca Philipsen] . Waanders Uitgevers, Zwolle 2007, ISBN 978-90-400-8332-7 , p. 240 .
  • Belvédère Museum (ed.): Jan Mankes - in woord en beeld . Heerenveen 2015, ISBN 978-90-71139-24-6 .
  • Ann-Katrin Grosse: Mankes, Jan . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 87, de Gruyter, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-023253-0 , p. 42.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Reference Entry: MANKES, Jan (1889–1920), Painter, engraver, lithographer. In: Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Retrieved September 30, 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b Jan Mankes. In: rkd.nl. RKD - Nederlands Instituut voor Kunstgeschiedenis, accessed on September 30, 2018 (English).
  3. ↑ a b c d e J. R. de Groot: Mankes, Jan (1889–1920). In: Biographical Woordenboek van Nederland. Huygens ING, November 12, 2013, accessed September 30, 2018 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Jan Mankes: de Echtgenoot van Anne Zernike. In: annezernike.nl. Retrieved October 6, 2018 (Dutch).
  5. ↑ Annie Mankes-Zernike: Jan Mankes . JAAM van Es, Utrecht 1923, p. 5-6 .
  6. ↑ a b Mankes, Jan . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 3 : K-P . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1956, p. 313 .
  7. ↑ Mankes, Jan . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 24 : Mandere – Möhl . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1930, p. 18 .
  8. ↑ a b Carel Peeters: De intieme afstand van Jan Mankes. In: Vrij Nederland. August 12, 2013, accessed September 30, 2018 (Dutch).
  9. ↑ a b c Froukje Pitstra: Zernike, Anne. In: Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland. Huygens ING, accessed September 30, 2018 (Dutch).

Web links

Commons : Jan Mankes  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Mankes, Jan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Dutch painter and draftsman
DATE OF BIRTH August 15, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Meppel
DATE OF DEATH April 23, 1920
Place of death Eerbeek