Javabind pitta
| Javabind pitta | ||||||||||||
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Male of the Javabindenpitta |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Hydrornis guajanus | ||||||||||||
| ( Statius Müller , 1776) |
The Javabind pitta ( Hydrornis guajanus ), formerly known as the banded pitta or pitta , is a screeching bird from the Pittas family (Pittidae). It occurs on the islands of Java and Bali .
features
The Javabindenpitta reaches a body length of 20 to 23 cm and a weight of 93 to 106 g. In the male, the top of the head and the sides of the head are black with a wide, light yellow stripe above the eyes . The top is simply maroon. The underside and tail are deep blue. The wings are blackish brown with a white spot on the wings of the hand. The outer arm wings have some white spots. The medium and large hand covers have broad white tips. The chin and throat are white. At the lower neck, the color gradually turns into a yellowish tone. A blue ribbon runs across the upper chest. The rest of the underside is yellow with blackish banding. The iris is brown. The beak is black and the feet are purple-pink. The female is duller in color, the top is brown and the over-eye stripe is yellow-brown. A narrow, black band runs across the upper chest and the underside is lighter yellow. Only 6 percent of the 157 specimens examined showed dark stripes on the blue upper tail ceilings. This value applies to both sexes and also to the species Hydrornis schwaneri and Hydrornis irena . The juvenile birds are speckled brown with a few white elytra spots. The color of the tail gradually changes from brown to blue. The base and tip of the beak are orange. A sexual dimorphism can be seen in fledgling birds . The males have a dark brown chest with weak dashing and banding. The females have a light breast with cream-colored spots. The head of the male is darker than that of the female.
Vocalizations
The vocalizations are higher and shorter than in the Borneo pitta and the Malay pitta. In contrast, the alarm call is similar to that of the Malaysian pitta, but is obviously different from that of the Bornean pitta.
habitat
The Javabindenpitta inhabits primary forests and, less often, older secondary forests . It can also be found in coffee plantations (on Java), in timber forests or forests with heavy logging and in gardens dominated by salak palms in the vicinity of Jakarta. It occurs in the lowlands and on Bali up to an altitude of 1500 m.
Eating behavior
The diet consists mainly of insects, including caterpillars, termites, ants and cockroaches. Snails, earthworms and small orange berries enrich the food supply. Two specimens have been reported to have fed on the carcass of a dead pubic thrush, or possibly just the invertebrates it contained. The java bandage pitta searches for food on the ground. Occasionally the sexes are separated, at least seasonally in East Java.
Reproductive behavior
The breeding season in Java is from January to June, with most of the eggs collected between February and April. The spherical nest has a diameter of 19 to 24 cm. It is built from leaves, a few chopped up bamboo leaves, small sticks and grass and loosely held together with roots and fibers. The nest has a side entrance and is located in bushes two meters above the ground. The clutch consists of two to five eggs, an average of three to four. The color is dull white with reddish, brown, lavender, and black spots concentrated at the broad end and gray-purple spots underneath. The size of the eggs is only known from Java. Their dimensions are 24.6-20.5 mm × 18-25.1 mm and they weigh 6.7 g.
Systematics
The Java pitta, the Borneo pitta ( Hydrornis schwaneri ) and the Malay pitta or blue tail pitta ( Hydrornis irena ) were previously considered conspecific and were referred to as the band pitta or pitta ( Hydrornis guajanus , Syn . : Pitta guajana ). In 2010, Frank E. Rheindt and James A. Eaton presented a revision in which they pointed out the morphological differences between the three taxa and proposed a division into three species. This assessment was followed by the Clements Checklist in 2012, the World Bird List of the International Ornithological Congress in 2010, BirdLife International and the IUCN in 2011 and the Handbook of the Birds of the World in 2016.
status
The Javabindenpitta is listed by the IUCN in the category not endangered ( least concern ) and in the Washington Convention on the Protection of Species in Appendix II. The species is considered rare to locally quite common. The population has declined rapidly, not only due to habitat loss, but also to the illegal trade in cage birds, with the Javabinden pitta being the most commonly caught pitta species in Java. Copies are being offered in the Bandung and Jakarta markets for US $ 27 and US $ 42, respectively. Despite a certain tolerance towards changes in habitat, the destruction of forests remains a threat, at least in the long term. The Javabindenpitta is found in several protected areas, e.g. B. in the national parks Ujung Kulon and Baluran in Java and in the national park Bali Barat in Bali.
literature
- James A. Eaton, Bas van Balen , Nick W. Brickle, Frank E. Rheindt: Birds of the Indonesian Archipelago Greater Sundas and Wallacea Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, 2016. ISBN 978-84-941892-6-5
- Johannes Erritzøe , Guy M. Kirwan (2018). Javan Banded Pitta (Hydrornis guajanus) . In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, DA & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (accessed from HBW Alive on May 29, 2018).
Web links
- Hydrornis guajanus inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.3. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ FE Rheindt, JA Eaton: Biological species limits in the Banded Pitta Pitta guajana , Forktail 26, 2010, pp. 86–91.
- ↑ Serene CL Chng Marison Guciano & James A. Eaton: In the market for extinction: Sukahaji, Bandung, Java, Indonesia BirdingASIA 26 (2016): 22-28